944 resultados para Redes neuronais B-spline


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Larval and juvenile development of finescale menhaden (Brevoortia gunteri) is described for the first time by using wild-caught individuals from Nueces Bay, Texas, and is compared with larval and juvenile development of co-occurring gulf menhaden (B. patronus). Meristics, morphometrics, and pigmentation patterns were examined as development proceeded. An illustrated series of finescale menhaden is presented to show changes that occurred during development. For finescale menhaden, transformation to the juvenile stage was completed by 17−19 mm standard length (SL). By contrast, transformation to the juvenile stage for gulf menhaden was not complete until 23−25 mm SL. Characteristics useful for separating larval and juvenile finescale menhaden from gulf menhaden included 1) the presence or absence of pigment at the base of the insertion of the pelvic fins; 2) the standard length at which medial predorsal pigment occurs; 3) differences in the number of dorsal fin ray elements; and, 4) the number of vertebrae.

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本文主要研究了Mg2+对LHCP-II和LHCP-I在基粒膜与基质膜之间横向迁移的作用及其对激发能在两个光系统间分配的影响,进一步证实和发展了Kyle等提出的移动天线色素假说(mobile antenna hypothesis)。揭示了二价金属阳离子使激发能有利于向光系统II(PSII)分配,而不利于向光系统I(PSI)分配的生化基础。 用毛地黄皂(Digitonin)方法分离了悬浮在低渗、低浓度一价金属阳离子介质中的小麦类囊体的基粒膜与基质膜,结果发现,事先用5m MMgol2预处理过的类囊体,其基质膜比未处理的有较高的叶绿素a/b比值,基粒膜的叶绿素a/b比值变化不大。 低温荧光(77K)发射光谱表明,mg2+处理能增强类囊体膜和基粒膜的687nm荧光发射峰,降低F741/F687比值。除此以外,在对照的基质膜里还发现F687-向F688以及F741向F738的位移。 解垛叠及Mg~(2+)诱导的重垛叠实验表明,低温荧光F741/F687比值在解垛叠进程中上升,而在重垛叠过程中,F741/F687比值下降。 湿和的SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析表明,Mg2+处理使LHCP寡聚体解聚成单体,类囊体膜凝胶柱上LHCP寡聚体的含量减少,单体的含量增加。基质膜的电泳分析发现,Mg2+处理促时了LHCP从富含PSI的基质区向富含PSII的基粒膜区的迁移。同时还证明,不仅LHCP-II,LHCP-I也能向基粒膜区迁移。 进一步用梯度胶分析基粒膜与基质膜的多肽组成,发现经Mg2+处理的基质膜中相应于LHCP-II的两条多肽,25KD和27KD的量明显减少,尤其是27KD多肽变化更为显著。 此外,我们还研究了介质中pH值(H+浓度)对两个光系统间能量分配与传递的影响,发现H+的作用机理与Mg2+的不同。H+能引起膜垛叠,改变类囊体膜的低温荧光发射光谱,使F741/F687比值降低。而对基粒膜和基质膜的作用却与Mg2+作用相反。温和的SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析结果表明,pH的变化不改变类囊体膜上色素蛋白复合体的种类、组成和比例。 据此,我们比较并讨论了金属阳离子与H对光系统间能量分配与传递的影响的不同作用,认为二价金属阳离子除能引起类囊体膜垛叠、改变色素蛋白复合体的空间构象和排列,从而影响激发能在两个光系统间的分配外,还能调节和促进LHCP-II及LHCP-I从富含PSI的基质膜向富含PSII的基粒迁移,使PSII的光捕获截面增加,调节激发能有利于向PSII分配。而介质中的质子(H+)浓度的改变只能引起类囊体膜片层垛叠,可能改变光合膜中色素蛋白复合体的构象和排列,最终影响激发能在光系统间的分配。