996 resultados para REPRODUCTIBILIDAD DE RESULTADOS
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Os aplicadores de herbicidas baseados em pavios de corda foram introducidos e largamente aceitos nos EUA a partir de 1978, devido a sua grande simplicidade, baixo custo operacional e economia do herbicida. Um protótipo fabricado com material inteiramente nacional, montado sobre duas rodas de bicicleta, tracionado pelo homem, tendo uma barra de 2 metros de comprimento, foi desenvolvido pelo departamento de defesa fitossanitária da Faculdade de Ciência Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal - UNESP e submetido a um ensaio preliminar. A área estava uniformemente coberta com vegetação natural, com altura média de 55 cm e a maioria das plantas daninhas em estádio de maturação das sementes. O aplicador foi deslocado à velocidade de 2,7 km/h, com consumo médio de 9,3 litros de calda por hectare, tendo aplicado diluições de glyphosate em água, nas proporções de 1:2, 1:4 e 1:6 (produto comercial: água) e comparado à pulverização convencional tratorizada, efetuada com velocidade de 4,2 km/h e consumo de 4 litros de produto comercial com 310 litros de água por hectare. As avaliações do controle foram efetuadas através da determinação da biomassa epígea por ocasião de aplicação aos 15 e 33 dias após , além da atribuição de notas aos 33 dias da aplicação. Os resultados mostraram-se promissores para o protótipo, que pode desde já ser considerado um precioso instrumento para o manejo de plantas daninhas.
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RACIONAL: Crianças portadoras de distúrbios neurológicos têm maior incidência de refluxo e, em geral, não apresentam melhora da sintomatologia com tratamento clínico, necessitando de intervenção cirúrgica. OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados da operação antirefluxo em crianças normais e com comprometimento neurológico, identificando as principais complicações e causas de reoperação. MÉTODOS: Cento e vinte crianças portadores de refluxo foram distribuídas em dois grupos de estudo: Grupo I - 60 crianças normais; Grupo II - 60 crianças com comprometimento neurológico. Exame contrastado do esôfago, estômago e duodeno, endoscopia digestiva alta com biópsia, pHmetria esofágica de 24 horas e cintilografia foram os exames utilizados no diagnóstico e na avaliação da eficácia da operação antirefluxo. Todos os pacientes operados eram refratários ao tratamento clínico. O procedimento cirúrgico antirefluxo realizado foi predominantemente a fundoplicatura de Lind, sendo associada à gastrostomia em 55% dos pacientes do Grupo II. RESULTADOS: No Grupo II a indicação cirúrgica foi significantemente mais precoce que no Grupo I. A principal causa de indicação cirúrgica entre neuropatas foi o alto comprometimento do desenvolvimento neuropsíquico-motor e as pneumonias de repetição. O tempo de internação, as reoperações e a necessidade de dilatações esofágicas no pós-operatório foi maior no Grupo II (p<0,01). Ocorreram três óbitos no pós-operatório tardio no Grupo II (sepse e infecção respiratória grave). CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento cirúrgico adotado foi satisfatório para o tratamento cirúrgico do refluxo nos dois grupos de pacientes. Porém, torna-se necessário o aprofundamento dos estudos acerca da população de crianças neuropatas portadoras de refluxo, uma vez que estas respondem de forma menos favorável ao procedimento cirúrgico, principalmente no que se refere às taxas de mortalidade, recorrência dos sintomas respiratórios, índice de reoperações e gravidade das complicações pós-operatórias.
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TEMA: a voz do professor tem sido foco de estudos nas últimas duas décadas devido à alta ocorrência de alterações vocais nesta classe profissional, assim, reforçou-se a necessidade dos professores participarem de ações para garantir saúde vocal. Poucos são os estudos na literatura que descrevem programas e seus resultados. PROCEDIMENTOS: Descrever um Programa de Saúde Vocal desenvolvido no período 2002 a 2005, para educadores de ensino público (infantil e fundamental) do interior do Estado de São Paulo, composto por grupos básicos de voz oferecendo conhecimento teórico prático de cuidados vocais, com triagem da qualidade da voz dos participantes; grupos avançados buscando reorganização dos processos de fonação e do uso vocal em sala de aula. RESULTADOS: em média 56% dos educadores inscritos frequentaram as ações; 62,9% das vozes apresentavam distúrbios na triagem vocal com maioria em grau discreto; no início dos grupos avançados 100% dos educadores participantes referiram mais de 3 sintomas associados ao uso vocal, e após, somente 45% deles ainda de 4 a 13 sintomas; os dados de autopercepção vocal revelaram baixos escores de impacto da voz nas atividades profissionais. CONCLUSÃO: a descrição revelou a necessidade de ajustes constantes do programa para alcançar seus objetivos. A baixa participação às ações pode estar relacionada à presença de impacto discreto da voz nas atividades profissionais, fato a ser mais bem investigado no futuro, e o benefício constatado objetivamente da participação dos educadores nos grupos avançados de voz foi a diminuição na quantidade de sintomas vocais.
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In this study we present the technical details, adaptations and modifications of the original procedure of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation in rats described by Lee et al. in 1972. We also present the results and technical failures observed in a follow-up of 12 years. From March, 1982 to December, 1994, we performed in the Laboratory of Surgical Technique and Experimental Surgery of Faculty of Medicine, Botucatu - UNESP, Brazil, 665 duodenopancreatectomies in donor rats and 592 surgeries for revascularization of the pancreatic graft in recipient animals. The observed percentage of technical failures in donor rats was 11% due to bleeding and/or vascular complications, irregular flushing of the graft with saline and respiratory insufficiency. In recipients of grafts, we observed a percentage of technical failures of 22,5% due to porto-caval thrombosis, vascular bleeding, pancreatitis and graft ischemia. In both surgeries, the successful results are directly related to the technical performance of the surgeon and the cares in the postoperative period.
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Six patients with advanced Chagas' megaesophagus with poor condition for surgical indication due to severe malnutrition and concomitant diseases were submitted to pneumatic dilatation with the aid of the endoscope. The method consists in leading the tip of the pneumatic dilatator into the cardia with the tip of the endoscope. Insufflation of the balloon must be slow and progressive with visualization of the mucosa of the cardia after insufflating of 2 pounds of air pressure. An excellent symptomatic relief was seen in the five-year follow-up but without improvement in the degree of the esophageal dilatation.
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Relaxed conditions for the stability study of nonlinear, continuous and discrete-time systems given by fuzzy models are presented. A theoretical analysis shows that the proposed method provides better or at least the same results of the methods presented in the literature. Digital simulations exemplify this fact. These results are also used for the fuzzy regulators design. The nonlinear systems are represented by the fuzzy models proposed by Takagi and Sugeno. The stability analysis and the design of controllers are described by LMIs (Linear Matrix Inequalities), that can be solved efficiently by convex programming techniques. The specification of the decay rate, constraints on control input and output are also described by LMIs. Finally, the proposed design method is applied in the control of an inverted pendulum.
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In this work, the behavior of the steel surface grinding process with conventional grinding wheels was studied for various grinding conditions and a fixed dressing condition. The input parameters (wheel speed, workpiece speed, depth of cut), that set up the grinding conditions were determined as a function of the characteristics of the grinding machine. A test bench was established where the grinding power was measured in real time as a function of the volume of material removed. The results showed that in the grinding of fragile steels with a soft wheel and medium grit size, the average power of the cut shows a tendency to increase and become stabilized. The surface roughness of the piece decreased in all the tests and was proportional to the increase in the number of active grits. In tests on the grinding of ductile steels with a soft wheel and fine grit size, the wheel became dull until the moment that the abrasive grits were released from the cut surface.
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The purpose of this paper is to present preliminary aspects of the petrography and chemistry of intrusive rocks (sills and dykes) from the eastern portion of the Parana Basin in the State of Säo Paulo. Data from 80 samples of the region show a subaphyric and subophitic nature and have plagioclase (25-50%), augite (3-39%), pigeonite (0-10%) and magnetite (4-20%) as an essential minerals. Apatite and quartz are present as accessory minerals. The geochemical data of intrusive rocks show a basic to intermediate composition (48% < SiO 2 < 56%) and a high Ti nature (TiO 2 > 2%). Based on the minor and trace composition of the intrusive rocks, two different magma types were recognized, named Paranapanema and Pitanga. The spatial distribution of these magma types is not alleatory in the studied region. The intrusive rocks of Pitanga magma type are displayed in the Campinas-Paulinia region, while the Paranapanema magma type cover a large region above that one, between Rio Claro and Cajuru. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the lava flows of the Serra Geral Formation, sampled in this work, reveals a magma of Urubici type. So, the intrusive rocks of the eastern portion of the of State Säo Paulo are not the extension of the lava flows, or they aren't a portions which don't reach the surface.
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Objective: to evaluate the causes and the results of occlusion amblyopia treatment. Methods: a retrospective study was done including children under 12 years old. Sex, age of starting treatment, etiology, ocular deviation affection, visual acuity and time for the occlusion treatment were evaluated. Results: 158 children had all the requirements to compose the sample. 50.6% were males. 70.2% had esotropia, 13.2% exotropia, 0.7% hypertropia and 4.4% presented horizontal and vertical strabismus. 11.4% had no ocular deviation. 6.6% presented anisometropia, 0.7% congenital cataract and 6.6% other diagnoses. Visual acuity improved in 85.5%, faster in the ortophoric children. The occlusion treatment time was long in all the deviation types. Conclusion: the treatment was beneficial in improving amblyopia in the majority of the children evaluated.
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Nowadays, with the implantation of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) reference station networks, several positioning techniques have been developed and/or improved. Using such kind of network data it is possible to model the GNSS distance dependent errors and to compute correction terms for the network region. Several methods have been developed to formulate the corrections terms from network stations data. A method that has been received a great attention is the Virtual Reference Station (VRS). The idea is that the VRS data resemble as much as possible a real receiver data placed in the same local. Therefore, the user has the possibility of using the VRS as if it were a real reference station in your proximities, and to accomplish the relative positioning with a single frequency receiver. In this paper it is described a different methodology applied to implement the VRS concept, using atmospheric models developed by Brazilian researchers. Besides, experiments for evaluating the quality of generated VRS are presented, showing the efficiency of the proposed method.
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Objective: To evaluate the results of the kangaroo mother method in Brazil. Methods: A prospective cohort study comparing 16 units that have or do not have the second phase of the kangaroo mother method: eight were national centers of excellence for the kangaroo mother method (study group) and eight were part of the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network (control group). A total of 985 newborn infants with birth weights of 500 to 1,749 g were enrolled. Multivariate analyses employedmultiple linear regression and Poisson regression with robust adjustment. Results: The adjusted analysis (controlled for birth weight, gestational age, Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension II, Neonatal Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System, and maternal age and educational level) demonstrated that mean length of hospital stay (p = 0.14) and intercurrent clinical conditions in the intermediate or kangaroo unit were equal for both groups. Weight (p = 0.012), length (p = 0.039) and head circumference (p = 0.006) at 36 weeks' corrected gestational age were all lower at the kangaroo units. The kangaroo units exhibited superior performance in relation to exclusive breastfeeding at discharge (69.2 vs. 23.8%, p=0.022). Conclusions: The evidence suggests that the humanization strategy adopted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health is a safe alternative to conventional treatment and a good strategy for promoting breastfeeding. Copyright © 2008 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.
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Las drogas ilegales en los países andinos: resultados de estudios recientes patrocinados por el PNUD
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