Crescimento inicial do eucalipto em função da aclimatação em viveiro

This study aimed to evaluate the acclimatization effects in the Eucalyptus grandis vs. Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings nursery in their initial growth in two soils types, clay and sandy. The seedlings were planted in Plantmax substrate and in rice hulls plus vermiculite, and managed, after 60 days of the mass propagation (DAE), during the rustication. There were five different frequencies of subsurface drip irrigation, restoring the soil field capacity condition: F1, F2, F3 and F4, which were irrigated once, twice, three and four times a day, respectively, and FD, kept in continue irrigation until planting at 90 DAE. In a randomized block design with four replications, plant height (HPA) were evaluated at 6 and 13 months after planting and the diameter at breast height (DAP) at 13 months after planting. Findings show that water management at hardening phase seedlings had no influence on growth in both soils.

Glyphosate como regulador de crescimento em arroz de terras altas

The lodging of some rice cultivars at harvest time can lead to significant losses in yield, and the inappropriate water and nitrogen management, under high-tech conditions, can aggravate the problem. The use of vegetal regulators is an alternative to reduce lodging, however, information on this topic are rare. The study aimed to evaluate the application of glyphosate sub doses (26 g ha -1, 52 g ha -1, 78 g ha -1, 104 g ha -1, 130 g ha -1, 156 g ha -1, and 182 g ha -1) on agronomical traits, development, and yield of upland rice crops irrigated by aspersion, during the floral differentiation period. The experiment was carried out in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, through the agricultural years of 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. The increase of glyphosate sub doses, at the floral differentiation period of the Primavera cultivar, reduced the plants height, panicle size, and, consequently, yield. Sub doses higher than or equal to 78 g ha -1 eliminated the plants lodging process.

Efeito materno sobre a curva de crescimento de ovinos Santa Inês por meio de modelos de regressão aleatória

Data set of 17.767 weight records of 4.210 Santa Inês lambs were used aiming to evaluate the importance of the inclusion of the maternal effect in the model to estimate components of (Co) variance and resulting genetic parameters for the growth curve through random regression models. The fixed and random regressions were fitted using Legendre Polynomials of order three, being fit four models that differed in relation to the inclusion of the additive genetic and permanent environmental maternal effects. Considerable increase was observed in Log L and decrease in the criteria AIC and BIC when the maternal effect was included (genetic or permanent environmental), evidencing its importance. The maternal genetic effect explained larger proportion of the phenotypic variance than the maternal permanent environmental along the growth curve. The direct additive genetic variance was inflated by maternal effect, when this last one was not considered in the analysis model, reflecting the same behavior in the heritabilities. The maternal permanent environmental effect contributed to maternal variance, as well as, it inflated maternal genetic variance, when it was not considered in the model. Similar behavior was verified with maternal heritability. The correlation estimated for the four models hardly differed in function of maternal effect. The maternal effect should be considered in the genetic studies of the growth curve of Santa Inês sheep.

Participação da via alfa-2 adrenérgica no controle da secreção do hormônio do crescimento no período prépúbere em novilhas da raça Nelore

This study investigated GH secretion after clonidine (alpha-2 adrenergic agonist) treatment in pre-pubertal Nelore heifers. Clonidine (10 mg/kg, IV, 15 min samples for 4 h) was administrated in the same Nelore heifers at eight (n = 4), 12 (n = 5) and 15 (n = 4) months of age. The GH concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay (sensivity = 0.25 ng/mL, CV = 16%). At eight months, clonidine increased GH average concentration, total area of peaks, the total area of GH secretion and increased peak amplitude and reduced time to onset of peak (P < 0.05). At 15 months, the administration of clonidine increased the GH average concentration and at 12 months the increased occurred only in restricted intervals (P < 0.05). Clonidine injection stimulated GH secretion in prepubertal heifers and this effect was more evident in Nelore heifers at eight months compared to 12 and 15 months of age.

Crescimento e desordem nutricional em pimenteira malagueta cultivada em soluções nutritivas suprimidas de macronutrientes

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Farelo de algodão em rações para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação

Forty-eight pigs with 63 day olds and average weight of 23.40±1.3 kg, were allotted in a randomized block design with three treatments(0%, 10% and 20% of cottonseed meal (FA) in diets) and eight replicates with two pigs (one barrow and one gilt). The blocks were used to control changes in initial body weight. Experimental period was the growth phase (63 to 106 days old) and growing-finishing (63 to 147 days old). In each phase the diets were isonutritives, varying however the levels of crude fiber. The levels of cottonseed meal (FA) did not affect (p>0.05) the performance of animals during the growth phase or during the total period of evaluation (growingfinishing). The qualitative parameters of manure indicated that the FA determined decrease in the nitrogen and phosphorus content, but only in the growth phase. In the finishing phase the increase in the FA inclusion promoted an increase in dry matter content. Although FA can be used in up to 20% in diets for pigs in the growing and finishing phase, it is necessary to include L-lysine and soybean oil which causes an increase in cost per kg produced pig.

Fator de crescimento nervoso em cola de fibrina no reparo término-lateral de nervos em ratos

Purpose: To determine the effects of end-to-side nerve repair performed only with fibrin glue containing nerve growth in rats. Methods: Seventy two Wistar rats were divided into six equal groups: group A was not submitted to nerve section; group B was submitted to nerve fibular section only. The others groups had the nerve fibular sectioned and then repaired in the lateral surface of an intact tibial nerve, with different procedures: group C: ETS with sutures; group D: ETS with sutures and NGF; group E: ETS with FG only; group F: ETS with FG containing NGF. The motor function was accompanied and the tibial muscle mass, the number and diameter of muscular fibers and regenerated axons were measured. Results: All the analyzed variables did not show any differences among the four operated groups (p>0.05), which were statistically superior to group B (p<0.05), but inferior to group A (p>0.05). Conclusion: The end-to-side nerve repair presented the same recovery pattern, independent from the repair used, showing that the addition of nerve growth factor in fibrin glue was not enough for the results potentiating.

Crescimento de mudas de Schizolobium amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) em substrato fertilizado com nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio

The nutritional management of seedlings in the nursery is one of the most important practices that influence seedling quality. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the development of Schizolobium amazonicum seedlings grown in 250 cm containers with a commercial substrate in the North of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications, each replication being represented by 24 seedlings. The treatments were: control (only commercial substrate); nitrogen fertilization (150 g m-3 N using ammonium sulfate + 1.0 kg of ammonium sulfate dissolved in 100 L of water and applied in coverage); phosphorus fertilization (300 g P2O 5 m-3 using simple superphosphate); potassium fertilization (100 g m-3 K2O using potassium chloride + 0.3 kg of potassium chloride dissolved in 100 L of water and applied in coverage) and; complete (a mixture of the three nutrients, 150, 300 and 100 g m-3 N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively + 1.0 kg of ammonium sulfate + 0.3 kg of potassium chloride). The commercial substrate was composted milled pine bark plus vermiculite. Evaluations of the seedlings were performed at 90 days after sowing. The complete treatment (NPK) gave the highest values for biometric and best plant indices, which express the quality. When analyzing nutrients in isolation; potassium had the lowest effect. Based on these results it can be recommended to fertilize Schizolobium amazonicum seedlings in nurseries with 150, 300 and 100 g m-3 of N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively, plus 1.0 kg of sulfate ammonium and 0.3 kg of potassium chloride applied in coverage.

Análise de crescimento e produtividade de cultivares de arroz de terras altas dos tipos tradicional, intermediário e moderno

The growth analysis allows the characterization and understanding of the upland rice cultivars development. This study aimed at characterizing, by using the growth analysis, the physiological components and agronomic performance, as well as the differences among traditional, intermediate and modern upland rice cultivars. The experiment was conducted under upland rice conditions, favored by the use of supplementary irrigation. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with three treatments consisting of traditional (Caiapó), modern (Maravilha) and intermediate (BRS Primavera) cultivars and eight replications. The leaf area index (LAI), instantaneous growth rate (IGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and specific leaf area (SLA), as well as grain yield and yield components, were evaluated. The intermediate and traditional cultivars presented the highest total dry matter accumulation rate, while the traditional and modern ones showed the highest LAI. The intermediate cultivar presented the highest IGR, RGR, NAR and SLA levels, as well as the highest grain yield, as a consequence of the higher spikelet fertility and 1,000 grain mass.

Crescimento, comportamento ingestivo e desempenho reprodutivo de novilhas mestiças holandês x zebu, em pastejo, submetidas à suplementação protéica durante a época das águas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplemental protein during the rainy season on body growth, ingestive behavior and reproductive performance of crossbred Gir x Holstein dairy heifers, with mean age of 21 ± 4.1 months and average initial body weight of 296.7 ± 57.3 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates per treatment. Heifers remained on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture, managed according to a rotational grazing system and, as treatment, it was supplemented with protein concentrate (34%, 43%, 56% and 66% BW) and level of supply of 0.30% body weight (BW). The animals were weighed and the mean weight of the lot was used for the calculation of adjustment of the amount of concentrate offered. Heifers that reached 330.0 kg of live weight were artificially inseminated and, 45 days after insemination, pregnancy diagnosis was performed for the calculation of pregnancy rate and age at conception. No significant difference of protein levels was observed on grazing, eating behavior, productive performance and age at conception of dairy heifers on pasture. The average daily weight gain of BW and age at conception were, on average, 0.907 kg/animal and 24.03 months, respectively.

Crescimento e acúmulo de nutrientes da cultura do quiabeiro

With the objective to quantify the okra crop's growth and macro and micronutrients accumulation during its life-cycle obtaining equations that best represent it, an experiment was carried out at Jaboticabal city, SP, Brazil, from January 14th to May 14th, 2009. The cv. Santa Cruz 47 was directly sowed into open soil furrows, in a spacing of 1 x 0,2 m. During the life-cycle were realized random samples of plants at 15 days intervals. The means were adjusted to polynomial regression equations set of non-linear parameters. After 50 days from sowing there has been a large increase of dry matter in plant' parts. At the final harvest, 120 days after sowing, the leaves, stems and fruits accounted for 21, 71 and 8%, respectively, from the total plant dry matter. The decreasing sequence of nutrient accumulation was K, Ca, N, Mg, P, Fe, B, Mn, Zn and Cu equivalent to 6,002.8; 4,733.8; 2,930.8; 1,196.3; 473.7; 436.2; 49.8; 10.4; 7.1; 7.1 e 1.5 mg plant-1. The quantity accumulated of culture were 146.5; 23.7; 300.1; 236.7; 59.8 e 21.8 kg ha-1 of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, respectively, and 520.0; 76.0; 2,491.0; 355.0 e 355.0 de B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively.

El rápido proceso de envejecimiento y políticas sociales en Brasil

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Calagem e adubação fosfatada no crescimento de mudas de mimosa caesalpiniifolia benth. em latossolo vermelho-amarelo

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of liming and phosphate fertilizer for the production of sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.) seedlings without thorns under a greenhouse. Seedlings 10 days old were transferred to plastic bags containing 2.0 kg of psamitic Dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol (Typic Haplustox) collected from 40 to 70 cm layer. The experiment was carried out in Teresina county, Piauí state, Brazil, from July to October of 2008. Two liming doses (with and without liming) and five phosphorus doses combined in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme were used. The experimental design used was the randomized blocks with four replications having each plot three seedlings. The calculated lime amount was enough to elevate the base saturation to 50 % and the phosphorus doses were: 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg kg-1 of soil. One seedling per pot was cultivated and the pot dimension was 10 by 23 cm. The evaluated variables were height, diameter, leaves number, leaf area, and shoot and roots dry matter. For the studied soil condition, the liming is not necessary to produce 'Sabiá' seedlings. The application, on average, from 72 to 107 mg kg-1 of P promote, respectively, from 90 to100 % of maximum values of height, diameter, leaf area and shoots and roots biomass.

Micorrização e crescimento de progênies de hymenaea stignocarpa mart. ex. Hayne em subsolo de área degradada degraded area

In tropical ecosystems, little is known about the relationship between arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (AMF) and the host genetic variability, especially among tree species. This study aimed to examine the response of 19 progenies of jatobá-do-cerrado (Hymenaea stignocarpa Mart. Ex. Hayne) inoculated with AMF, the root colonization and seedlings early growth were evaluated, growing in cultivated in subsoil from the loading area, under greenhouse conditions. The seedlings, germinated in the laboratory, were transferred to plastic bags containing subsoil and sand mixture (4:1). For the inoculation, each replicate received 100 g of soil (with about 48 spores of AMF) from a preserved Cerrado area, to reintroduce microorganisms. After 120 days, the mycorrhiza colonization (COL), the number of spores of AMF, the plant height (PH), the weight of shoot dry matter (SDM) and the root fresh matter (RFM) were assessed. The highest values of COL, SDM and RFM were observed in the progenies JC7, JC18, JC29, JC27 and JC14; the JC7 andJC18 also increased number of spores. There were significant and positive correlations between COL and the others variables (AP, NE, RFM and SDM, and between RFM and other variables (NE, AP and SDM). The conclusion is that, there is variability among the genotypes of Hymenaea stignocarpa growth (AP MFSR and DMAP) and mycorrhization (COL and NE), with emphasis on two progenies (JC7 and JC18), that showed the highest values, which can be resulted of a greater affinity to strains of AMF- soil inoculum.

Crescimento inicial e nutrição de cedro (Cedrela fissilis Vell.) em função de doses de nitrogênio

We aimed to evaluate the effects of nitrogen rates in early growth, SPAD index, content and accumulation of nutrients in cedar seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a plastic greenhouse and the seedlings were grown in plastic pots filled with 20 dm-3of Rhodic Hapludox, arranged inrandomized blocks with four replications. Rates of 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 mg dm-3N were tested. Fertilization up to 160 mg dm-3N promoted increases in SPAD index and early growth of plants, beyond greater absorption of N,P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. Overall, lower N rates limited growth but not the absorption of nutrients by cedar plants. In leaves, the only nutrien taffected was the B which their content was reduced with increasing of N rate. Increased of nitrogen fertilization changed the Cu distributionin plants, since increased Cu content in roots and reduced their content in stem. Higher N rates promoted higher accumulation of all nutrients due to the increase of dry matter. Nitrogen fertilization changed the dynamic of nutrient absorption in cedar. With 160 mg dm-3N, the amount absorbed followed the order: N>S>Ca>K>Mg>P>Fe>Mn>B> Zn> Cu.