896 resultados para Queimadura - Tratamento - Estudos experimentais


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Organic dyes have been widely used in various branches of dyeing industries. These compounds are known to be very toxic, mutagenic, cancinogenic only cause aesthetic pollution and irreversible damage to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Are recalcitrant contaminants due to its high stability and resistance to photobleaching and bio. Given this context, the search for technologies that can minimize the effects of such pollutants is required. In recent decades the Electrochemical Oxidation Process Advanced (PEOAs) based on the generation of strongly oxidizing species (radicals ●OH) offer promising approaches for the prevention of problems caused by industrial effluents. This study analyzed the degradation and mineralization of textile dyes and the study of a real effluent in order to assess the feasibility of PEOAs: Electro-Fenton (EF), Photo Electro-Fenton (PEF) and anodic oxidation (AO), and these methods still was studied the Solar Fotoelectro-Fenton (SPEF) in a pre-pilot plant, in order to study the electrochemical treatment on an industrial scale. In the study has compared the effect of PEOAs in the removal of color, TOC and decay kinetics of degradation of the compounds, and also for using the Congo Red (CR) SPEF studies were performed mineralization current efficiency (MCE). The best results are given to the treatment of the PEF for all the studied dyes. From the results it was possible to choose the PEF as the most effective and promising for application of treatment when compared to other methods of treatment, and prove from SPEF that the process can be used in industrial scales, since this method PEF has been improved and solar irradiation replaced the UVA lamp.

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Organic dyes have been widely used in various branches of dyeing industries. These compounds are known to be very toxic, mutagenic, cancinogenic only cause aesthetic pollution and irreversible damage to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Are recalcitrant contaminants due to its high stability and resistance to photobleaching and bio. Given this context, the search for technologies that can minimize the effects of such pollutants is required. In recent decades the Electrochemical Oxidation Process Advanced (PEOAs) based on the generation of strongly oxidizing species (radicals ●OH) offer promising approaches for the prevention of problems caused by industrial effluents. This study analyzed the degradation and mineralization of textile dyes and the study of a real effluent in order to assess the feasibility of PEOAs: Electro-Fenton (EF), Photo Electro-Fenton (PEF) and anodic oxidation (AO), and these methods still was studied the Solar Fotoelectro-Fenton (SPEF) in a pre-pilot plant, in order to study the electrochemical treatment on an industrial scale. In the study has compared the effect of PEOAs in the removal of color, TOC and decay kinetics of degradation of the compounds, and also for using the Congo Red (CR) SPEF studies were performed mineralization current efficiency (MCE). The best results are given to the treatment of the PEF for all the studied dyes. From the results it was possible to choose the PEF as the most effective and promising for application of treatment when compared to other methods of treatment, and prove from SPEF that the process can be used in industrial scales, since this method PEF has been improved and solar irradiation replaced the UVA lamp.

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The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the effectiveness of topical treatments to minimize post-radiotherapy xerostomia. PubMed, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) and LILACS databases were searched without restriction on date or language until the 6thAugust, 2015. Key-wordsused for searching were radiotherapy, xerostomia and saliva. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts, carried out data extraction and assessed risk of bias. The first search identified 429 articles. From these, 117 studies were selected for full-text reading, from which 18 were included in the qualitative synthesis. From the eighteen articles included, seven were non- controlled clinical trial, one article was controlled clinical trial and ten studies were randomized clinical trials (three clinical trials were placebo controlled and seven were crossover). By the assessment of the quality of the studies included, ten showed high risk of bias, four showed moderate risk of bias and four presented low risk of bias. All interventions were considered effective in treating xerostomia (mucin, polysaccharides, aloe vera, rape oil, linseed oil, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene oxide, pilocarpine and systems of care for xerostomia - gel, paste and mouthwash). Meta-analysis could not be performed due to heterogeneity between thestudiesand interventions. This systematic review showed that a single and general protocol for topical treatment of xerostomia post-radiotherapy does not exist and that follow-up visits should be performed to validate the individualized treatment plan.

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The theoretical and experimental developments in the biomaterials area have been directly applied to different fields of Medicine (odontology, regenerative medicine and radiotherapy). These advances have focused both for diagnosing diseases such as for quantifying degrees of progression. From the perspective of these studies, biomaterials are being designed and manufactured for application in various areas of science, provided advances in diagnostic radiology, radiotherapy dosimetry and calibration of radiotherapy equipment. Develop a phantom from a biomaterial has become a great ally of medicine in the treat patients with oncological diseases, allowing better performance of the equipment in order to reduce damage to healthy tissue due to excessive exposure to radiation. This work used polymers: chitosan and gelatin, for making the polymeric structures and controlled for different types of production and processing, characterizing and evaluating the biopolymer by physical techniques (STL, SEM and DEI) and therefore analyze applicability as phantom mouse lung. It was possible to evaluate the morphology of biomaterials quantitatively by scanning electron microscopy associated with imaging technique. The relevance of this work focuses on developing a phantom from polymeric biomaterials that can act as phantom providing high image contrast when subjected to analysis. Thus, the choice of DEI technique is satisfactory since it is an imaging technique of X-ray high resolution. The images obtained by DEI have shown the details of the internal microstructure of the biomaterial produced which have ≈ 10 μm dimension. The phantoms had made density ranging from 0.08 a 0.13 g/cm3.

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A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) é uma endocrinopatia comum em mulheres na idade reprodutiva. Caracteriza-se por hiperandrogenismo, disfunção ovulatória e infertilidade. Está associada a reconhecidos fatores de risco cardiovascular: obesidade, resistência à insulina, dislipidemias, hipertensão arterial, síndrome metabólica,risco aumentado para intolerância à glicose e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em idade mais precoce que o habitual. Embora mulheres com SOP apresentem perfil de risco cardiovascular adverso, os estudos são limitados em confirmar a associação entre SOP e mortalidade por evento cardiovascular. Devido à ampla variabilidade clínica, o diagnóstico de SOP nem sempre é fácil. De acordo com o Consenso de Rotterdam, os critérios para diagnóstico de SOP incluem pelo menos dois dos seguintes critérios: amenoreia e/ou oligomenorreia, sinais clínicos e/ou bioquímicos de hiperandrogenismo e/ou ovário policístico à ultrassonografia; com exclusão de outras etiologias que apresentam manifestações clínicas semelhantes. O tratamento de SOP é sintomático e direcionado de acordo com a manifestação clínica, o desejo de contracepção ou gestação e a presença de distúrbios metabólicos associados. As pacientes com SOP devem ser informadas que esta é uma enfermidade crônica, com tratamento e seguimento por longo prazo.

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É apresentada metodologia para estudos e avaliações em tempo real, de unidades para dedantação de particulados sólidos em estações de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) empregando-se traçadores radioativos. Um tanque decantador foi construído e os testes foram realizados usando-se 110mAg e 140La na marcação da fase sólida do esgoto e a técnica permitiu levantar-se a curva resposta da unidade e as funções distribuição do tempo de residência (RTD) para diversas situações experimentais e também identificar problemas operacionais que interferem na qualidade final do processo de tratamento do efluente. Os resultados serviram como diretriz para elaborar uma nova configuração da unidade, tornando-a mais eficiente.

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O adenocarcinoma pancreático é um dos tumores sólidos de pior prognóstico, sendo o tratamento cirúrgico o único potencialmente curativo. Na grande maioria dos pacientes o tumor é diagnosticado em fase avançada, comumente na presença de doença metastática. A introdução de modernos métodos diagnósticos associados ao aperfeiçoamento dos já existentes tem gerado controvérsia quanto à melhor maneira de se estabelecer o diagnóstico e estadiamento do tumor. Da mesma forma, o papel da cirurgia na paliação e aspectos técnicos da ressecção de lesões localizadas estão longe de alcançarem consenso na prática. Método - Revisão da literatura sobre os aspectos controversos relacionados ao tema e um algoritmo para a abordagem dos pacientes com suspeita de tumor de pâncreas são apresentados. Foram utilizados os descritores: “adenocarcinoma” e “pâncreas” para pesquisa no PubMed (www.pubmed.com) e na Bireme (www.bireme.br) e a seguir selecionadas as publicações pertinentes a cada tópico escolhido com atenção especial para metanálises, estudos clínicos controlados, revisões sitemáticas e ainda publicações de grandes centros especializados em doenças pancreáticas. Conclusões - Na suspeita de adenocarcinoma de pâncreas é possível realizar estadiamento muito próximo do real sem a necessidade da exploração cirúrgica sistemática em virtude da disponibilidade na prática de exames modernos e eficientes. Isso permite que paliação menos invasiva seja praticada na maioria dos pacientes com lesões avançadas e incuráveis. Nos em que a cura é possível, a operação deve ser realizada objetivando-se, essencialmente, a remoção da lesão com margens livres e com aceitáveis índices de morbi-mortalidade

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Consumer dissatisfaction, when properly handled, is a significant information source for the manager. Studies in this area allow broadening the understanding of certain customer attitudes and behaviors, such as loyalty, repurchase intention or satisfaction and trust increase. Above and beyond supporting consumer feedback, dissatisfaction can provide significant opportunities for organizational learning. Starting from dissatisfied customer information, companies can detect service flaws and develop new products. This work presents the results of an investigation on the behavior of businesses belonging to the hotel sector in Natal, RN, through the dissatisfaction of their customers. We have sought to map the main problems presented by customers to hotels, in the perception of managers and employees, as well as to understand both the process of dissatisfactionrelated data collection, analysis, and processing, and the utilization of such information by businesses. Beyond this, we have compared the habits of organizations to the company reaction approaches described in the literature: Complaint Handling, Complaint Management, and Dissatisfaction Management. The used methodology has been based on case study. Data was collected via indepth interviews with managers and employees in six hotels, two independent ones and four belonging to national and international hotel networks. We have also made use of documents provided by the organizations, such as guest complaint registers and reports from satisfaction surveys on which content analysis was subsequently performed. The results of the investigation point to a high level of awareness in the companies concerning the importance of consumer dissatisfaction. Even though the maximum grade in the procedure scale is not achieved, it has been observed that answer to dissatisfaction is given in planned and systematic form, geared towards consumer satisfaction and improvement of products and processes. Hotel businesses still have to look into other possibilities for mapping consumer dissatisfaction, which implies, among other aspects, articulation with a range of public and private organizations in such a way as to guarantee sustainability of touristic activities in the long term

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The present study regards an applied social research (qualitative) performed in two institutions which lead children s cancer treatment in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. The main goal of this study is, as of a literature review at works which characterizes the first generations of study about substantive rationality, to detect Decision Making process related aspects that may serve as a basis to elaborate analysis categories from decision making process, aggregating them into a new study that may provide an advance to the theme in administrative science. The academic works based on the analysis model created by Mauricio Serva served as a basis to deep research into such theme, which verifies the predominant rationality in eleven administrative internal processes in productive organizations. This dissertation intends to go beyond the identification of the predominant rationality by elaborating new categories of analysis, and making possible the continuity of the subject in administrative science. Based on Guerreiro Ramos s work, which sees a kind of ideal organization, as known as isonomies, this study still calls upon Karl Polanyi s thoughts, which with the objective of comprehending the independent economic phenomenon of the value that allows considering non-market economies, find that the economy of the men is submerged in his social relations; it also rescues the studies from Max Weber who investigates the meaning of social action to better understand the rationality, and refers to the study of Jürgen Habermas, who proposes a broader conception about rationality, within the theory of communicative action. As a result of this theme s review, seven analysis categories of the decision making process have been formulated. They were applied in the institutions that had been chosen and helped to detect the type of predominant rationality in the categories of the decision making process. The results confirm that, although the decisions making process involves rational elements, such as information, identification of alternatives, there are also specific values of each individual with his experience and view oh the world, permeated not only by instrumental rationality, but also by substantive rationality. The study has verified that two similar institutions may show different types of rationality in the decision making process, when decision factors may tend to instrumental rationality, according to administration classic way, as well as they may emerge from substantive rationality, thus contributing to the process of emancipation of the human being in his sphere of work

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A síndrome da apneia e hipopneia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS) é uma patologia que atinge cerca de 4% da população adulta, é uma doença crónica, progressiva, com alta morbilidade e mortalidade. A apneia do sono e o ronco têm despertado a atenção da área da saúde devido às inúmeras comorbilidades associadas. Esta síndrome é caracterizada por obstrução parcial ou total das vias aéreas superiores durante o sono e manifesta-se como uma redução (hipopneia) ou cessação (apneia) do fluxo aéreo. A queixa habitual dos pacientes além dos problemas sociais como ronco e a hipersonolência diurna, são a preocupação com outros quadros que esta patologia pode desencadear, como insuficiência cardíaca e hipertensão pulmonar. O tratamento da apneia obstrutiva do sono é multidisciplinar e indispensável, podendo ser realizado de diversas formas, tanto conservadoras como cirúrgicas, dependendo de inúmeros fatores como a gravidade da doença, as alterações anatómicas das vias aéreas superiores, idade e condições sistémicas do paciente. Os aparelhos intra orais têm sido usados durante anos, no tratamento da SAHOS como controle da obstrução das vias aéreas superiores. A terapia com aparelhos intraorais é simples e reversível. O sucesso do tratamento com aparelhos intra orais para o ronco e SAHOS leve e moderada é comprovado pela grande maioria dos estudos. A facilidade de uso, manutenção e conforto quando comparados a outros tratamentos faz com que os aparelhos intrabucais sejam considerados de fácil aceitação pelos pacientes. Através de uma revisão de literatura discutiu-se o uso de aparelhos intrabucais para o tratamento dessa patologia, destacando a eficácia e as limitações dessa terapia, os principais sintomas clínicos, os principais efeitos colaterais oclusais, o grau de colaboração e o índice de satisfação dos pacientes. Foi possível concluir que aparelhos intrabucais de avanço mandibular estão amplamente indicados para o tratamento do ronco e da SAHOS como terapia principal, ou alternativa naqueles pacientes que não podem suportar a terapia da pressão positiva das vias aéreas e que para o sucesso do tratamento é fundamental uma equipe multidisciplinar, incluindo um Médico Dentista e a colaboração do paciente.

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Os cimentos dentários na função de preencher a interface entre a superfície dentária e superfície interna da prótese nos coloca frente a uma diversidade de substratos e técnicas. O presente trabalho visou rever conceitos associados aos cimentos dentários, a evolução destes materiais junto aos diferentes sistemas cerâmicos e suas limitações no seu universo bem como a estratégia da sua aplicação em superfícies resistentes ou não ao ácido condicionante. Para alcançar a resposta de qual o melhor método na escolha de um material para cimentação de próteses fixas, este trabalho também apresenta uma comparação entre os cimentos dentários convencionais e resinosos. Este trabalho consiste numa revisão bibliográfica de forma a pesquisar de forma geral os cimentos de uso na medicina dentária. Foi realizada uma pesquisa, em abril de 2016, nas bases de dados da PubMed e B-on e em obras de caráter científico com o intuito de recolher informações sobre o assunto em um intervalo temporal de 10 anos. Os critérios escolhidos foram casos clínicos, revisão de literatura e estudos in vitro, segundo o seu rigor científico e interesse para o tema. O resultado sobre os testes de resistência utilizados nos estudos, os testes de aderência do cimento ao dente podem variar amplamente. O tratamento de superfícies e a evolução tecnológica podem ser eficazes na escolha desses materiais, bem como a comparação dos tipos de falhas que ocorrem na interface adesivas. A conclusão que se obteve é que os materiais raramente são comparados com um padrão e muitas vezes as condições experimentais variam.

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Nos últimos anos, o processo de irrigação durante tratamento Endodôntico tem vindo a ganhar importância e a ser alvo de sucessivos estudos. Sabe-se agora que a única razão de instrumentar o sistema de canais radiculares é para se conseguir irrigar e consequentemente proceder-se à limpeza e desinfecção do dente. São vários os irrigantes utilizados durante a irrigação Endodôntica. Dentro das várias substancias químicas existentes, o Hipoclorito de Sódio, devido às suas características, é o mais utilizado mundialmente pelos Médicos Dentistas. As principais características que apresenta são o seu poder antimicrobiano assim como a sua capacidade de dissolução da matéria orgânica presente no interior dos canais radiculares. Dependentemente do caso clinico, o Médico Dentista deve saber selecionar qual o melhor irrigante a utilizar, se pode ou não utilizar o Hipoclorito de Sódio e, caso não seja possível, deve conhecer as alternativas para realizar de forma conveniente o tratamento endodôntico. É importante conhecerem-se os riscos e possíveis acidentes que podem ocorrer durante o manuseamento do Hipoclorito de Sódio e, caso o Médico Dentista se depare com uma situação destas, deve saber como actuar de forma eficaz.

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The use of inputs containing phosphites have been presenting results in many studies, taking on importance to the control of diseases in some cultures and demonstrating the resistance induction in seedlings, with ability to activate defense mechanisms, conferring protection to plants against microorganisms. The soybean crop is recognized for its importance in providing grains and derivatives for human consumption, animal, production of biofuels, pharmaceuticals, among others. Positive results obtained through studies based on resistance inducers in some cultures arouse the interest for further study. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of potassium phosphites on the resistance induction and treatment of soybean seeds. Therefore were conducted four laboratory studies at the Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus of Dois Vizinhos. In the first study it was evaluated the quality attributes of the seeds and the resistance induction as seed treatment. Then it was verified that phosphites have action upon the seedlings metabolism in due to seed treatment, having the phosphite Reforce® contributed to seed quality attributes and phosphites FitofosK® and Fitofos K Plus® induced the resistance increasing the activity of β-1,3-glucanase. In the second study it was evaluated the the resistance induction in soybean cotyledons, in which the phosphites demonstrated induction potential of phytoalexin gliceolin. In the third study It was evaluated the soybean seed health treated with potassium phosphites.. it was observed that the phosphites reduced the incidence of many fungi on seeds, especially of storage fungi like Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium semitectum. In the fourth study it was evaluated the in vitro effect of potassium phosphites on pathogenic fungi of the culture. And it was found direct action of phosphites on the mycelial growth of Fusarium semitectum, Pythium sp. and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Based on these results, we concluded that potassium phosphites have potential in seeds treatment, as resistance inducer and on in vitro control of phytopathogens.

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The increased longevity of humans and the demand for a better quality of life have led to a continuous search for new implant materials. Scientific development coupled with a growing multidisciplinarity between materials science and life sciences has given rise to new approaches such as regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The search for a material with mechanical properties close to those of human bone produced a new family of hybrid materials that take advantage of the synergy between inorganic silica (SiO4) domains, based on sol-gel bioactive glass compositions, and organic polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS ((CH3)2.SiO2)n, domains. Several studies have shown that hybrid materials based on the system PDMS-SiO2 constitute a promising group of biomaterials with several potential applications from bone tissue regeneration to brain tissue recovery, passing by bioactive coatings and drug delivery systems. The objective of the present work was to prepare hybrid materials for biomedical applications based on the PDMS-SiO2 system and to achieve a better understanding of the relationship among the sol-gel processing conditions, the chemical structures, the microstructure and the macroscopic properties. For that, different characterization techniques were used: Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, liquid and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering, smallangle neutron scattering, surface area analysis by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Surface roughness and wettability were analyzed by 3D optical profilometry and by contact angle measurements respectively. Bioactivity was evaluated in vitro by immersion of the materials in Kokubos’s simulated body fluid and posterior surface analysis by different techniques as well as supernatant liquid analysis by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. Biocompatibility was assessed using MG63 osteoblastic cells. PDMS-SiO2-CaO materials were first prepared using nitrate as a calcium source. To avoid the presence of nitrate residues in the final product due to its potential toxicity, a heat-treatment step (above 400 °C) is required. In order to enhance the thermal stability of the materials subjected to high temperatures titanium was added to the hybrid system, and a material containing calcium, with no traces of nitrate and the preservation of a significant amount of methyl groups was successfully obtained. The difficulty in eliminating all nitrates from bulk PDMS-SiO2-CaO samples obtained by sol-gel synthesis and subsequent heat-treatment created a new goal which was the search for alternative sources of calcium. New calcium sources were evaluated in order to substitute the nitrate and calcium acetate was chosen due to its good solubility in water. Preparation solgel protocols were tested and homogeneous monolithic samples were obtained. Besides their ability to improve the bioactivity, titanium and zirconium influence the structural and microstructural features of the SiO2-TiO2 and SiO2-ZrO2 binary systems, and also of the PDMS-TiO2 and PDMS-ZrO2 systems. Detailed studies with different sol-gel conditions allowed the understanding of the roles of titanium and zirconium as additives in the PDMS-SiO2 system. It was concluded that titanium and zirconium influence the kinetics of the sol-gel process due to their different alkoxide reactivity leading to hybrid xerogels with dissimilar characteristics and morphologies. Titanium isopropoxide, less reactive than zirconium propoxide, was chosen as source of titanium, used as an additive to the system PDMS-SiO2-CaO. Two different sol-gel preparation routes were followed, using the same base composition and calcium acetate as calcium source. Different microstructures with high hydrophobicit were obtained and both proved to be biocompatible after tested with MG63 osteoblastic cells. Finally, the role of strontium (typically known in bioglasses to promote bone formation and reduce bone resorption) was studied in the PDMS-SiO2-CaOTiO2 hybrid system. A biocompatible material, tested with MG63 osteoblastic cells, was obtained with the ability to release strontium within the values reported as suitable for bone tissue regeneration.

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Introdução: A dependência alcoólica repre- senta uma das mais prevalentes perturbações psiquiátricas, constituindo um importante problema de Saúde Pública. O tiaprida é um dos fármacos com indicação clínica nas per- turbações do comportamento na abstinência alcoólica. Objetivo: Esclarecer se a utilização do tiapri- da é fundamentada pela evidência científica no tratamento da dependência alcoólica (sín- drome de abstinência e manutenção da absti- nência). Métodos: Pesquisa bibliográfica em diferen - tes bases de dados utilizando os termos MeSH: alcoholism e tiapride. Limitou-se a pesquisa a artigos publicados nos últimos 20 anos, em inglês, português ou espanhol. Os níveis de evidência e forças de recomendação foram atribuídos segundo a escala Strength of Rec- ommendation Taxonomy (SORT) da Amer- ican Family Physician. Resultados: De um total de 22 artigos identi- ficados, foram incluídos cinco ensaios clínicos controlados e aleatorizados. Da análise dos ar- tigos, dois mostraram que o tiaprida poderia ser uma opção eficaz no tratamento da sín - drome de abstinência alcoólica. Em relação à manutenção da abstinência, os resultados fo- ram contraditórios, com um estudo a mostrar superioridade e dois inferioridade em relação ao placebo. Conclusões: A evidência científica mos- trou benefício para a utilização do tiapri- da na síndrome de abstinência alcoólica (SORT B), embora esta recomendação seja suportada apenas por dois estudos hetero- géneos. Em relação à manutenção da abs- tinência, o uso do tiaprida não é suporta- do pela evidência científica mais recente (SORT B). Contudo, são necessários mais estudos científicos de boa qualidade meto- dológica que avaliem se o tiaprida é de facto uma terapêutica efetiva no tratamento da dependência alcoólica.