Proposta de estrutura para o gerenciamento de projetos de revitalização urbana

Os projetos de revitalização urbana são realizações do poder público a partir da identificação de áreas degradadas ou que necessitam de projetos especiais. Para a sua execução, o governo precisa desenvolver uma estrutura gerencial especialmente organizada para este fim. Atualmente ainda não existe uma estrutura de gerenciamento sólida o suficiente para ser utilizada como modelo e replicada em diferentes áreas ou escalas no país. Esta carência está se tornando mais visível em consequência do aumento das parcerias entre o poder público e empresas privadas, viabilizando muitos destes projetos no Brasil mas que, em contrapartida, pressionam o governo a se movimentar para estabelecer uma estrutura eficiente a fim de executá-los no mesmo ritmo que as empresas privadas impõem no desenvolvimento de empreendimentos próprios. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo reconhecer os principais elementos que compõem a estrutura de gerenciamento de um projeto público de revitalização urbana, levantando informações através da literatura, de três projetos de revitalização urbana já realizados no Brasil e no exterior, procurando extrair as boas práticas1 , e propondo por fim, uma estrutura que permita servir como direcionamento para gerenciadoras ou partes interessadas, com a possibilidade de replicação em diferentes escalas de projetos urbanos. Os resultados encontrados foram separados pelo presente autor em seis fases que, entendem-se relevantes para o planejamento macro da estrutura do ciclo de vida dos projetos de revitalização urbana, sendo estes: (i) Fase de Iniciação, (ii) Fase de Formulação, (iii) Fase de Planejamento e Estrutura, (iv) Fase de Execução, (v) Fase de Monitoramento e Controle e (vi) Fase de Encerramento. O presente artigo é parte de uma pesquisa mais abrangente e detalhada que constitui uma dissertação de mestrado em andamento no programa de Pós-Graduação de Engenharia Civil da Escola Politécnica da USP.

TouCAN : mejora y ampliación de funcionalidades

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TouCAN es una librería creada en su primera versión (v1) como Trabajos de Fin de Grado en Ingeniería Informática por John Wu Wu y Jose Lareo Domínguez bajo la tutorización de los profesores Antonio C. Domínguez Brito y Jorge Cabrera Gámez. Define un protocolo de comunicación para la interconexión de una red de microcontroladores basados en la plataforma de prototipado electrónico Arduino. Trabaja sobre el protocolo de comunicación CAN Bus (Controller Area Network), ampliamente utilizado por la industria desde la década de los 80. TouCAN destaca por ser una librería ligera, potente y amigable. El objetivo principal de este Trabajo Final de Grado en Ingeniería Informática consiste en proporcionar robustez a la librería incorporando mejoras y nuevas funcionalidades. Entre las principales mejoras destacar el control frente a fallos de comunicación, reinicio o reset de los microcontroladores, así como la caída de los mismos. Otra característica incluida en esta revisión consiste en la asignación dinámica deidentificadores de dispositivos que conforman un sistema empotrado distribuido. Permitiendo la posibilidad de “conexión en caliente” de nuevos nodos microcontroladores a la red de forma dinámica. A estos cambios, también se han añadido mejoras en la interfaz de la API que simplifica el uso y aprendizaje de la misma. Así como una nueva herramienta denominada TouCANSniffer que permite capturar y analizar todo el tráfico generado en la red. Las nuevas características y funcionalidades añadidas en TouCAN v2 proporcionan el potencial necesario para ser considerada seriamente como base de cualquier nuevo proyecto que integre una red distribuida de microcontroladores.

Estudio e implementación de un algoritmo para la programación óptima de proyectos

Máster Universitario en Sistemas Inteligentes y Aplicaciones Numéricas en Ingeniería (SIANI)

The dark side of the board: advances in chess Kriegspiel

While imperfect information games are an excellent model of real-world problems and tasks, they are often difficult for computer programs to play at a high level of proficiency, especially if they involve major uncertainty and a very large state space. Kriegspiel, a variant of chess making it similar to a wargame, is a perfect example: while the game was studied for decades from a game-theoretical viewpoint, it was only very recently that the first practical algorithms for playing it began to appear. This thesis presents, documents and tests a multi-sided effort towards making a strong Kriegspiel player, using heuristic searching, retrograde analysis and Monte Carlo tree search algorithms to achieve increasingly higher levels of play. The resulting program is currently the strongest computer player in the world and plays at an above-average human level.

Fiber beam-columns models with flexure-shear interaction for nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structures

The aim of this study was to develop a model capable to capture the different contributions which characterize the nonlinear behaviour of reinforced concrete structures. In particular, especially for non slender structures, the contribution to the nonlinear deformation due to bending may be not sufficient to determine the structural response. Two different models characterized by a fibre beam-column element are here proposed. These models can reproduce the flexure-shear interaction in the nonlinear range, with the purpose to improve the analysis in shear-critical structures. The first element discussed is based on flexibility formulation which is associated with the Modified Compression Field Theory as material constitutive law. The other model described in this thesis is based on a three-field variational formulation which is associated with a 3D generalized plastic-damage model as constitutive relationship. The first model proposed in this thesis was developed trying to combine a fibre beamcolumn element based on the flexibility formulation with the MCFT theory as constitutive relationship. The flexibility formulation, in fact, seems to be particularly effective for analysis in the nonlinear field. Just the coupling between the fibre element to model the structure and the shear panel to model the individual fibres allows to describe the nonlinear response associated to flexure and shear, and especially their interaction in the nonlinear field. The model was implemented in an original matlab® computer code, for describing the response of generic structures. The simulations carried out allowed to verify the field of working of the model. Comparisons with available experimental results related to reinforced concrete shears wall were performed in order to validate the model. These results are characterized by the peculiarity of distinguishing the different contributions due to flexure and shear separately. The presented simulations were carried out, in particular, for monotonic loading. The model was tested also through numerical comparisons with other computer programs. Finally it was applied for performing a numerical study on the influence of the nonlinear shear response for non slender reinforced concrete (RC) members. Another approach to the problem has been studied during a period of research at the University of California Berkeley. The beam formulation follows the assumptions of the Timoshenko shear beam theory for the displacement field, and uses a three-field variational formulation in the derivation of the element response. A generalized plasticity model is implemented for structural steel and a 3D plastic-damage model is used for the simulation of concrete. The transverse normal stress is used to satisfy the transverse equilibrium equations of at each control section, this criterion is also used for the condensation of degrees of freedom from the 3D constitutive material to a beam element. In this thesis is presented the beam formulation and the constitutive relationships, different analysis and comparisons are still carrying out between the two model presented.

Antropologia ed organizzazione delle imprese creative dell'ICT - Analisi della nascita, ascesa e suicidio organizzativo di un micro-distretto di aziende di comunicazione multimediale

Analisi "dall'interno" del settore della comunicazione multimediale, attraverso l'analisi di un caso aziendale complesso vissuto in prima persona dall'autrice. Il caso tratta di un micro-distretto di aziende della Grafica, del Web e del Multimedia nel suo ciclo di vita dal 1998 al 2003, analizzando le mutazioni del comportamento organizzativo nelle sue differenti fasi di nascita, ascesa e declino. L'obiettivo è quello di identificare i comportamenti organizzativi favorevoli e contrari alla sopravvivenza nel settore, fornendo indicazioni per un corretto comportamento manageriale in un ambito creativo relativo ad una rete di imprese co-specializzate.

Finite-element discretization of 3D energy-transport equations for semiconductors

In this thesis a mathematical model was derived that describes the charge and energy transport in semiconductor devices like transistors. Moreover, numerical simulations of these physical processes are performed. In order to accomplish this, methods of theoretical physics, functional analysis, numerical mathematics and computer programming are applied. After an introduction to the status quo of semiconductor device simulation methods and a brief review of historical facts up to now, the attention is shifted to the construction of a model, which serves as the basis of the subsequent derivations in the thesis. Thereby the starting point is an important equation of the theory of dilute gases. From this equation the model equations are derived and specified by means of a series expansion method. This is done in a multi-stage derivation process, which is mainly taken from a scientific paper and which does not constitute the focus of this thesis. In the following phase we specify the mathematical setting and make precise the model assumptions. Thereby we make use of methods of functional analysis. Since the equations we deal with are coupled, we are concerned with a nonstandard problem. In contrary, the theory of scalar elliptic equations is established meanwhile. Subsequently, we are preoccupied with the numerical discretization of the equations. A special finite-element method is used for the discretization. This special approach has to be done in order to make the numerical results appropriate for practical application. By a series of transformations from the discrete model we derive a system of algebraic equations that are eligible for numerical evaluation. Using self-made computer programs we solve the equations to get approximate solutions. These programs are based on new and specialized iteration procedures that are developed and thoroughly tested within the frame of this research work. Due to their importance and their novel status, they are explained and demonstrated in detail. We compare these new iterations with a standard method that is complemented by a feature to fit in the current context. A further innovation is the computation of solutions in three-dimensional domains, which are still rare. Special attention is paid to applicability of the 3D simulation tools. The programs are designed to have justifiable working complexity. The simulation results of some models of contemporary semiconductor devices are shown and detailed comments on the results are given. Eventually, we make a prospect on future development and enhancements of the models and of the algorithms that we used.

Virtual Compton scattering in baryon chiral perturbation theory

This thesis is concerned with the calculation of virtual Compton scattering (VCS) in manifestly Lorentz-invariant baryon chiral perturbation theory to fourth order in the momentum and quark-mass expansion. In the one-photon-exchange approximation, the VCS process is experimentally accessible in photon electro-production and has been measured at the MAMI facility in Mainz, at MIT-Bates, and at Jefferson Lab. Through VCS one gains new information on the nucleon structure beyond its static properties, such as charge, magnetic moments, or form factors. The nucleon response to an incident electromagnetic field is parameterized in terms of 2 spin-independent (scalar) and 4 spin-dependent (vector) generalized polarizabilities (GP). In analogy to classical electrodynamics the two scalar GPs represent the induced electric and magnetic dipole polarizability of a medium. For the vector GPs, a classical interpretation is less straightforward. They are derived from a multipole expansion of the VCS amplitude. This thesis describes the first calculation of all GPs within the framework of manifestly Lorentz-invariant baryon chiral perturbation theory. Because of the comparatively large number of diagrams - 100 one-loop diagrams need to be calculated - several computer programs were developed dealing with different aspects of Feynman diagram calculations. One can distinguish between two areas of development, the first concerning the algebraic manipulations of large expressions, and the second dealing with numerical instabilities in the calculation of one-loop integrals. In this thesis we describe our approach using Mathematica and FORM for algebraic tasks, and C for the numerical evaluations. We use our results for real Compton scattering to fix the two unknown low-energy constants emerging at fourth order. Furthermore, we present the results for the differential cross sections and the generalized polarizabilities of VCS off the proton.

Gestione di un progetto complesso per la transizione verso il consumo sostenibile di acqua nella scuola di Ingegneria e Architettura dell' Università di Bologna

Oggetto di questa tesi è stato quello di investigare il consumo di acqua sostenibile in un’organizzazione complessa come è l’Università di Bologna, con particolare riferimento alla realtà della Scuola di Ingegneria ed Architettura di via Terracini. Successivamente viene analizzato l’approccio della transizione, che comprende modalità e strumenti con cui si realizza il cambiamento all’interno della struttura sociale. Tra questi emerge il modello di cambiamento proposto dalla teoria di Transition Management, che sottolinea il ruolo fondamentale svolto dagli esperimenti di transizione nella realizzazione del cambiamento.Viene perciò proposta la teoria del Project management come vero e proprio strumento con il quale analizzare il progetto "Casa dell'acqua".

Riprogettazione del processo di sviluppo nuovo prodotto - il caso Umbra Cuscinetti S.p.A

Questo lavoro di tesi nasce dall’opportunità di un tirocinio della durata di sei mesi presso Umbra Cuscinetti S.p.A., importante azienda leader nel settore aeronautico e industriale per la realizzazione di Cuscinetti a sfera, Viti a ricircolo di sfere e Attuatori Elettromeccanici (EMA). L’ambito di riferimento è quello del Processo di Sviluppo Nuovo Prodotto per la linea di Business EMA. La linea ha completato la fase “pionieristica” che ne ha segnato l’ingresso in un nuovo settore industriale e, oggi, ha la necessità di procedere ad una razionalizzazione delle proprie attività allo scopo di supportare al meglio i programmi di sviluppo. I prodotti della linea presentano un elevato grado di innovazione e non essendo standardizzati, richiedono una gestione oculata in tutti gli aspetti di costo, tempo e qualità. I progetti finora intrapresi non hanno soddisfatto appieno le aspettative per questa linea, le cui potenzialità sono molto elevate; da qui la necessità di una riprogettazione di tutto il processo. L’analisi è stata condotta mediante la metodologia DMAIC e prevede come obiettivo l’inserimento del Project Management come nuova metodologia di gestione del processo.

Modello di valutazione e selezione delle iniziative commerciali da inserire in portafoglio. Il caso Astaldi Group.

All’interno di questo elaborato di tesi verrà proposto un Modello di Valutazione e Selezione delle Iniziative commerciali, costruito nel corso dell’esperienza di stage presso la società Astaldi. Nella parte iniziale del lavoro, verranno presentati dei concetti teorici che costituiscono il presupposto e la base per la costruzione del Modello. Il background di riferimento è quello di un’azienda che lavora nel mondo delle costruzioni, sviluppando progetti complessi a livello internazionale. Nel primo capitolo, dopo una breve introduzione sul Project Management, si prenderà in esame l’ambiente multiproject, un ambiente nel quale gran parte delle aziende si trova ad operare e nel quale opera anche l’Astaldi. Successivamente, partendo da queste considerazioni legate all’ambiente multi-progetto, verranno descritte le potenzialità ed i vantaggi di un approccio Project Portfolio Management, come evoluzione naturale del Project Management. Nell’ambito del Project Portfolio Management, verrà analizzata l’importanza del processo di selezione dei progetti per la costruzione del portafoglio e le relative tecniche di selezione. Nel secondo capitolo verranno presentate le Misure e gli Indicatori di performance definiti in letteratura. Verranno anche introdotti dei possibili Indicatori di Valutazione, la cui misurazione è particolarmente legata al Project Life Cycle: questi verranno fatti propri all’interno del Modello presentato che darà come output, proprio un Indicatore di Valutazione ex-ante del progetto. Nel terzo capitolo verrà illustrata la società Astaldi al fine di comprendere il più possibile il contesto in cui e per cui si è costruito tale Modello. Nel quarto ed ultimo capitolo sarà analizzato il Modello stesso, descrivendo le modalità con cui è stato realizzato, le modalità operative per la sua applicazione ed alcuni esempi esplicativi del suo utilizzo.

AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A VORTEX-DRIVEN AIR LIFT PUMP

A prototype vortex-driven air lift pump was developed and experimentally evaluated. It was designed to be easily manufactured and scalable for arbitrary riser diameters. The model tested fit in a 2 inch diameter riser with six air injection nozzles through which airwas injected helically around the perimeter of the riser at an angle of 70º from pure tangential injection. The pump was intended to transport both water and sediment over a large range of submergence ratios. A test apparatus was designed to be able to simulate deep water or oceanic environments. The resulting test setup had a finite reservoir; over the course of a test, the submergence ratio varied from 0.48 to 0.39. For air injection pressures ranging from 10 to 60 psig and for air flow rates of 6 to 15 scfm, the induced water discharge flow rates varied only slightly, due to the limited range of available submergence ratios. The anticipated simulation of deep water environment, with a corresponding equivalent increase in thesubmergence ratio, proved unattainable. The pump prototype successfully transported both water and sediment (sand). Thepercent volume yield of the sediment was in an acceptable range. The pump design has been subsequently used successfully in a 4 inch configuration in a follow-on project. A computer program was written in Matlab to simulate the pump characteristics. The program output water pressures at the location of air injection which were physicallycompatible with the experimental data.

Software Engineering Education Needs More Engineering

To what extent is “software engineering” really “engineering” as this term is commonly understood? A hallmark of the products of the traditional engineering disciplines is trustworthiness based on dependability. But in his keynote presentation at ICSE 2006 Barry Boehm pointed out that individuals’, systems’, and peoples’ dependency on software is becoming increasingly critical, yet that dependability is generally not the top priority for software intensive system producers. Continuing in an uncharacteristic pessimistic vein, Professor Boehm said that this situation will likely continue until a major software-induced system catastrophe similar in impact to the 9/11 World Trade Center catastrophe stimulates action toward establishing accountability for software dependability. He predicts that it is highly likely that such a software-induced catastrophe will occur between now and 2025. It is widely understood that software, i.e., computer programs, are intrinsically different from traditionally engineered products, but in one aspect they are identical: the extent to which the well-being of individuals, organizations, and society in general increasingly depend on software. As wardens of the future through our mentoring of the next generation of software developers, we believe that it is our responsibility to at least address Professor Boehm’s predicted catastrophe. Traditional engineering has, and continually addresses its social responsibility through the evolution of the education, practice, and professional certification/licensing of professional engineers. To be included in the fraternity of professional engineers, software engineering must do the same. To get a rough idea of where software engineering currently stands on some of these issues we conducted two surveys. Our main survey was sent to software engineering academics in the U.S., Canada, and Australia. Among other items it sought detail information on their software engineering programs. Our auxiliary survey was sent to U.S. engineering institutions to get some idea about how software engineering programs compared with those in established engineering disciplines of Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering. Summaries of our findings can be found in the last two sections of our paper.