Science students' perceptions of engaging pedagogy

During their years of schooling, students develop perceptions about learning and teaching, including the ways in which teachers impact on their learning experiences. This paper presents student perceptions of teacher pedagogy as interpreted from a study focusing on students' experience of Year 7 science. A single science class of 11 to 12 year old students and their teacher were monitored for the whole school year, employing participant observation, and interviews with focus groups of students, their teacher and other key members of the school. Analysis focused on how students perceived the role of the teacher's pedagogy in constructing a learning environment that they considered conducive to engagement with science learning. Two areas of the teacher's pedagogy are explored from the student perspective of how these affect their learning: instructional pedagogy and relational pedagogy. Instructional pedagogy captures the way the instructional dialogue developed by the teacher drew the students into the learning process and enabled them to “understand” science. How the teacher developed a relationship with the students is captured as relational pedagogy, where students said that they learned better when teachers were passionate in their approach to teaching, provided a supportive learning environment and made them feel comfortable. The ways in which the findings support the direction for the middle years and science education are considered.

Determinants of health-related quality of life in people with Parkinson’s disease: a path analysis

Purpose:
To identify the demographic factors, impairments and activity limitations that contribute to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in people with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Method:
Two hundred and ten individuals with idiopathic PD who participated in the baseline assessment of a randomized clinical trial were included. The Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 summary index was used to quantify HRQOL. In order to provide greater clarity regarding the determinants of HRQOL, path analysis was used to explore the relationships between the various predictors in relation to the functioning and disability framework of the International Classification of Functioning model.

Results:
The two models of HRQOL that were examined in this study had a reasonable fit with the data. Activity limitations were found to be the strongest predictor of HRQOL. Limitations in performing self-care activities contributed the most to HRQOL in Model 1 (β = 0.38; p < 0.05), while limitations in functional mobility had the largest contribution in Model 2 (β = −0.31; p < 0.0005). Self-reported history of falls was also found to have a significant and direct relationship with HRQOL in both models (Model 1 β = −0.11; p < 0.05; Model 2 β = −0.21; p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Health-related quality of life in PD is associated with self-care limitations, mobility limitations, self-reported history of falls and disease duration. Understanding how these factors are inter-related may assist clinicians focus their assessments and develop strategies that aim to minimize the negative functional and social sequelae of this debilitating disease.

The TrueBlue model of collaborative care using practice nurses as case managers for depression alongside diabetes or heart disease: a randomised trial

Objectives:
To determine the effectiveness of collaborative care in reducing depression in primary care patients with diabetes or heart disease using practice nurses as case managers.

Current protein-based anti-angiogenic therapeutics

 Angiogenesis is a complex multistep process of formation of new blood vessels. Interactions between several cellular factors including growth factors, cytokines and haematopoietic factors lead to activation of various cellular pathways, finally resulting in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, endothelial cell proliferation, survival and migration. Normally, angiogenesis is an essential requirement for vascular development in growing embryos as well as in adult tissues, where this process depends on the intricate balance between the activities of the pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Abnormal angiogenesis results in aberrant vasculature leading to various pathological conditions. The most important factor implicated in angiogenic processes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its family of ligands and receptors. Several anti-angiogenic drugs have been developed and many more are currently in different phases of clinical trials, which target various angiogenesis-inducing agents, including VEGF, VEGF receptors, angiopoietins and ECM components such as integrins. Anti-angiogenic therapy can be divided into gene-based therapy and protein-based therapy. Gene-based therapies include use of antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA, aptamers, catalytic oligonucleotides including ribozymes and DNAzymes and transcription decoys. Protein-based therapeutics includes monoclonal antibodies, peptidomimetics, fusion proteins and decoy receptors. The later class of therapeutics has several advantages over gene-based and small molecule drugs, including specificity and complexity in functions, better tolerability, less interference with normal biological processes and lesser adverse effects due to decreased immune response by virtue of being mostly body's natural proteins. This review provides a comprehensive overview of angiogenesis and on the current protein-based anti-angiogenic therapeutics under research and in the clinic.

Factories of the future : a system of systems engineering perspective

Factories of the Future will be distinguished by intelligent machines, automation, human factors integration and knowledge management. Modelling and simulation is recognised as a key enabling technology essential to economic, social and environmental sustainability of future manufacturing systems. This talk will explore the history, recent achievements and directions in modelling and simulation for 21st century factories and supply chains. A systems science approach is employed, from stakeholder engagement through participative modelling to self-tuning and self-assembling simulations. Our contributions lower the cost of the application of modelling and simulation to manufacturing processes, enabling real time planning, dynamic risk analysis, dashboards and 3D visualisation. This realisation of the virtual factory integrates human factors and decisions into the core technology platform. The implications to future manufacturing enterprises are explored through a series of case studies from aerospace, mining and small and medium manufacturing enterprises.

‘Subtypes’ in the presentation of autistic traits in the general adult population

The present study examined the presentation of autistic traits in a large adult population sample (n = 2,343). Cluster analysis indicated two subgroups with clearly distinguishable trait profiles. One group (n = 1,059) reported greater social difficulties and lower detail orientation, while the second group (n = 1,284) reported lesser social difficulties and greater detail orientation. We also report a three-factor solution for the autism-spectrum quotient, with two, related, social-themed factors (Sociability and Mentalising) and a third non-social factor that varied independently (Detail Orientation). These results indicate that different profiles of autistic characteristics tend to occur in the adult nonclinical population. Research into nonclinical variance in autistic features may benefit by considering social- and detail-related trait domains independently.

Food insecurity among university students in Victoria: A pilot study

Aims: Susceptibility to food insecurity can vary over a life course; however, a potential period of particular vulnerability is while studying at a tertiary institution. This pilot study aimed to assess the prevalence, severity and potential determinants of food insecurity among tertiary students attending a Victorian-based institution. Methods: The present study employed a cross-sectional design, involving use of a self-reported questionnaire. The survey, conducted in 2012, was administered to a sample of 124 Deakin University students and contains measures of food insecurity status, demographics and other potential explanatory factors. Descriptive and regression analysis was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of food insecurity and associations with factors that may support or hinder a student's ability to procure food, such as living arrangements, income and knowledge of support services. Results: Food insecurity without hunger was reported by 18% of Deakin University students, while an additional 30% reported experiencing the more severe form of food insecurity (with hunger). A lower odds of being food insecure was reported among students living with their family (without hunger OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.12-0.99; with hunger OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.12-0.70), while a higher odds was found among those receiving government support (with hunger OR 2.52; 95% CI 1.05-6.04). Conclusions: The reported prevalence of food insecurity among the tertiary student sample was greater than the general Australian population, suggesting they are a vulnerable group. This may be attributable to financial pressures faced when students are not living with their parents.

Professionals’ views on child sexual abuse attrition rates

Child sexual abuse cases often do not result in convictions; this attrition is due to factors inside and outside the control of the justice system. The aims of the current study were to: (1) establish the most important factors in contributing to the attrition of child sexual abuse; and (2) suggest ways to reduce the attrition associated with these factors. This study focused on system improvements to determine where efforts should be prioritised. The research approach consisted of in-depth interviews with 31 professionals from various disciplines (including police, judges, child welfare officers, doctors and psychologists). The interviewees represented a diverse group of professionals offering unique perspectives. Thematic analysis revealed five broad areas requiring focus for improvement and further reform: greater specialisation, facilitating the accessibility of services, making the trial process more user-friendly, overcoming misinformed beliefs and adequate representation of child sexual abuse. These areas, along with professionals’ practical recommendations, are discussed.

Using video to promote pre-service teachers’ thinking about their transition to teaching

This paper reports on research investigating the use of video representations of first-year teachers’ experiences in undergraduate teacher education workshops that focus on the transition to teaching. The use of the video is a responsive act that draws on the notion of looking back, where graduates in their first year of teaching ‘speak to’ current students. Scenes from video footage of the theatre-based research performance The First Time shaped workshop activities and discussions in the unit. Themes ranged from pedagogical to practical, covering topics such as teacher identity discourses; epiphanic and revelatory moments of transition to becoming a teacher; and preparing for job applications and interviews. Data from the researcher’s journal, Student Evaluation of Teaching and Units (SETU) comments, and semi-structured interviews with undergraduate students upon completion of the workshops are framed within a phenomenographic paradigm. The aim in phenomenography is to describe variations of conception that people have of a particular phenomenon (Sin, 2010), in this case the video as a tool to promote critical thinking about the transition to teaching. The researcher explored her own, and participants’ experiences, and identified a range of conceptual meanings of the phenomenon. These were classified into categories according to their similarities and differences concerning the effectiveness of this specific video in assisting undergraduates in their transition to teaching. Early results reveal some similarities and many variations among participants as to the effectiveness of the video as a tool. Their conceptions of the phenomenon are individual and relational, and as such are quite varied. Emergent varied themes include: ‘I know what it is that I need to learn’; ‘Is this theory or practice?’; and ‘I don’t do drama’. Emergent similarities include: ‘Preparing for the unexpected’.

Future integrated factories: a system of systems engineering perspective

The manufacturing sector has gone through tremendous change in the last decade. We have witnessed the transformation from stand alone, manual processes to smart and integrated systems, from hand written reports to interactive computer-based dashboards. Future integrated factories will operate as a system of systems through intelligent machines, human factors integration, and integrated supply chains. To effectively operate and manage these emerging enterprises, a systems science approach is required. Modelling and simulation is recognised as a key enabling technology, with application from stakeholder engagement and knowledge elicitation to operational decision support through self-tuning and self-assembling simulations. Our research has led to the introduction of effective modelling and simulation methods and tools to enable real time planning, dynamic risk analysis and effective visualisation for production processes, resources and systems. This paper discusses industrial applicable concepts for real-time simulation and decision support, and the implications to future integrated factories, or factories of the future, are explored through relevant case studies from aerospace manufacturing to mining and materials processing enterprises.

Acidentes de trânsito fatais e sua associação com indicadores sociais e adolescência

Introdução - Os acidentes de trânsito são um grave problema de saúde pública universal, em países desenvolvidos e subdesenvolvidos, estando entre as primeiras causas de morte em quase todos os países do mundo (DEL CIAMPO & RICCO, 1996). No Brasil, assu-mem grande relevância, especialmente pela alta morbidade e mortalidade, predominância em populações jovens e/ou economicamente ativas, maior perda de anos de vida produtiva e ele-vado custo direto e indireto para a sociedade. Objetivo - Os objetivos deste trabalho foram descrever a magnitude da mortali-dade por acidentes de trânsito, avaliar sua correlação com indicadores sociais e proporção de jovens na população e testar a sua associação com adolescência, sexo masculino e consumo de álcool. Material e Métodos - Foi realizado, inicialmente, um estudo ecológico envolven-do todas as capitais das unidades da federação e Distrito Federal (exceto o município do Rio de Janeiro), com coleta de dados sobre acidentes de trânsito com vítimas no Departamento Nacional de Trânsito. Foram descritos os índices de acidentes de trânsito com vítimas p/ 1.000 veículos (IAT-V) e de feridos p/ 1.000 veículos (IF-V) referentes aos anos de 1995, 1997 e 1998 e o índice de mortos p/ 10.000 veículos (IM-V) referente ao período de 1995 a 1998. Em seguida, avaliou-se a existência de correlação entre o IM-V e taxa de mortalidade infantil (TMI), índice municipal de desenvolvimento humano (IDH-M), índice de condições de vida (ICV), proporção de condutores adolescentes envolvidos em acidentes de trânsito com vítimas (PCJ-ATV) e proporção de residentes jovens (PRJ) nas diferentes capitais. Em um segundo momento, realizou-se um estudo de caso controle, onde foram estudados 863 condu-tores envolvidos em acidentes de trânsito com vítimas atendidos no Departamento Médico Legal de Porto Alegre, no período de 1998 a 1999. Os condutores foram divididos em dois grupos: condutores envolvidos em acidentes de trânsito com vítima fatal (casos) e com vítima não fatal (controles). Os grupos foram comparados com relação a adolescência, sexo mascu-lino e consumo de álcool, através da razão de chances e seu intervalo de confiança, com signi-ficância determinada pelo teste de qui-quadrado. Resultados - No estudo ecológico, observou-se, no Brasil, uma tendência decres-cente quanto aos indicadores de eventos relacionados ao trânsito no período de 1995 a 1998. Nas capitais das unidades da federação e Distrito Federal, apesar da ampla variação apresenta-da, a maioria manteve a mesma tendência decrescente observada para o país como um todo. Na análise das correlações entre o IM-V e os indicadores sociais, observou-se forte correlação positiva com a TMI (r = 0,57; P = 0,002), ou seja, quanto maior a TMI, maior a mortalidade no trânsito, além de correlação negativa com o IDH-M (r = - 0,41; P = 0,038) e com o ICV (r = - 0,58; P = 0,02). Quando se avaliaram o IDH-M e o ICV separados em suas dimensões, a dimensão renda de ambos indicadores foi a única que não demonstrou correlação com o IM- -V. As demais dimensões do IDH-M e ICV demonstraram correlação negativa, sendo que a dimensão infância (r = - 0,62; P = 0,001) apresentou a maior correlação. A análise da asso-ciação entre o IM-V e a PCJ-ATV não demonstrou correlação, mas, quando avaliada a asso-ciação com a PRJ nas capitais, houve forte correlação positiva (r = 0,59; P = 0,002). No estudo de caso controle, quando avaliada a relação entre condutores envolvidos em acidentes com vítima fatal e adolescência, sexo masculino e consumo de álcool, não foi observada asso-ciação importante em nenhum dos fatores em estudo. Conclusões - Apesar de os indicadores de eventos relacionados ao trânsito (IAT- -V, IF-V e IM-V) terem apresentado uma tendência decrescente durante o período de estudo, acidentes de trânsito continuam sendo um grave problema de saúde pública. O estudo ecológico evidenciou a existência de relação entre o IM-V e os indicadores sociais (TMI, IDH-M e ICV), sendo que a dimensão renda não demonstrou correlação e a dimensão infância apresen-tou a correlação negativa de maior valor. Quanto à PCJ-ATV, não foi encontrada associação relevante entre este indicador e o IM-V. Entretanto, observou-se forte associação entre a PRJ e o IM-V. O estudo de caso controle não evidenciou associação entre adolescência e os de-mais fatores estudados e maior risco para acidente de trânsito fatal.

Coordenação interinstitucional para o desenvolvimento local: um estudo em Araçuaí, Minas Gerais

This essay aims to discuss local development under the prospect of coordinated intervention of multiple organizations, considering different thematic areas of action, different economic sectors and regions of origin; structured in different methodologies and owners of different social technologies field of expertises. Search to identify determinants, facilitators, and restrictive factors of cross sectorial and cross organizational coordination processes for a common purpose. The field research was conducted at a region of State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, where a group of 13 organizations that fit the profile described above, joined up to work jointly, facilitating the environment for local development. The region is between those with the lowest incomes in Brazil. The objective of this study was to verifry what extent the practices implemented by the organizations context (the municipality in question has population of less than 40.000 inhabitants), are contributing to the formation and / or strengthening of a local scene of more opportunities that compete for the quality of life of the population. To meet this goal were interviewd 52 citizens between representatives of organizations, the government, civil society and citizens directly benefit from the Sustainable Araçuaí iniciative, using the semi-structured interview. The result has been the relationship between partnerships determining factors, facilitators and restrictive labour, structured on a conceptual map, and the perception of the impact that these actions have caused coordinates the council from the perspective of the interviewees

Fatores-chave na qualidade de sistemas de home broker : uma análise teórico-empírica

This work has as main objective the development of a key factors¿ model for the quality of Home Broker systems. An explanatory research was performed, based on a quantitative approach. To achieve this goal, some theoretical models of technology acceptance (TAM, TRA, TPB and IDT), reliability and quality of service were reviewed. It was proposed an extended key factors¿ model and developed a questionnaire, which was the research instrument used in this study. The questionnaire was applied over the Internet, from which was obtained a participation of 113 valid respondents, all of them users of Home Broker system. Once performed the data collection, statistical tests were used for the Factorial Analysis in order to achieve a definitive model. The key factors found were Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Subjective Norms, Compatibility, Reliability and Relative Advantage. Some hypotheses from the model were also tested to investigate the relationship between the importance given to the factors and the resulting degree of satisfaction about quality of service. As a result of the study, a key factors¿ model for the quality of Home Broker systems was established, and identified that the factor Compatibility" has more explanatory power than the others."

Subcultura tuning: a identidade estendida na personalidade de automóveis

The admiration of people for automobiles has been known and revealed for many years all over the world. Being through academic studies, proprietor declaration and admirers, the automobile is an object of desire, admiration, love, passion, dream, pride and accomplishment which, with all of this, promotes various types of feelings with the identification, discrimination, expression and the projection of identity. This research was based on the theories about consumers¿ behaviors, self-concept and extended self. It'll be approached in a qualitative and exploratory way the personal behavior of the consumers who personalizes their automobile, the consumer Tuning. The Objective of this project is to explore how the ¿Tuners¿ use a personalized car to construct their social identity. Supplementary, was explored which factors commence and initiated the extension process of self-automobile and also, how they connect with their object and why this relationship is establish this way. Seven people were interviewed of the male sex between 19 and 33 years old, living in the stated of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, during the period of September and October of the year 2007. The results observed were that the cars, like objects, can literally broaden its owner¿s personality. The creation process, sustentation and nutrition of the ¿Self¿ through the car can be observed in the personalization of their own cars, with this, using like the middle and end. It was also observed that the begin of the personalization phenomenon of automobiles in Brazil is began, mainly, in the 21 century with the diffuser of the culture, the cinema, evince even more, processes that already existent in the extension of the personalized cars. Observing that a personalized automobile tents to be in a free way, like a distance, when possible, from intransigence of models or imposition of the ways to be accomplished. Definitively, stories like: ¿My car is just a useful way to travel which I use only when necessary¿ will not be found in this research.

Gestão da inovação para a sustentabilidade ambiental: estudos de caso do desenvolvimento e difusão de produtos de consumo industrializados com materiais de fontes renováveis

O objetivo desta tese é identificar como ocorre a gestão da inovação de produto ambientalmente sustentável. Pelo método de estudo de caso e sob a perspectiva de três vertentes da teoria organizacional (estrutura do setor de negócios, visão baseada em recursos e visão relacional) foi realizada uma análise abrangente de como os condicionantes externos do ambiente competitivo, os condicionantes internos empresariais e os relacionamentos organizacionais impactaram no projeto de desenvolvimento e difusão de duas inovações de produto com atributos favoráveis à sustentabilidade ambiental: uma esponja de banho com fibras amazônicas e PET reciclado e um lava-louças líquido para o pronto-uso de fontes renováveis. Os dois casos apresentam marcantes diferenças em relação ao porte das empresas, às estruturas, competências e culturas organizacionais, à maturidade das respectivas plataformas tecnológicas de fontes renováveis e às abordagens utilizadas na gestão dos projetos de desenvolvimento de novo produto. Além disso, os dois casos são distintos na competitividade dos atributos de produto ambientais e funcionais em relação ao preço ante os produtos concorrentes. Apesar destas diferenças, construtos da visão relacional foram utilizados para identificar similaridades entre os dois estudos de caso na gestão da inovação. Redes informais internas realizaram uma inovação organizacional ao criarem um departamento de sustentabilidade, o qual realizou diagnósticos e recomendações para minimizar os riscos sócio-ambientais e regulatórios decorrentes do suprimento da fibra amazônica para a esponja de banho. E um relacionamento colaborativo complementou a inovação de produto e realizou inovações de marketing que proporcionaram o melhor desempenho na difusão do lava-louças pronto-uso de fontes renováveis no varejo. Portanto, apesar das diferenças nos condicionantes internos e externos, a gestão da inovação nos dois casos se utilizou de relacionamentos colaborativos a fim de gerar inovações empresariais que solucionaram as restrições ao processo de inovação de produto ambientalmente sustentável.