Trajetória dos assentamentos rurais financiados pelo crédito fundiário no estado do Rio Grande do Norte: uma análise da experiência do assentamento da fazenda Paz no município de Maxaranguape/RN

The market-assisted land reform (RAAM) has been constituted as an alternative of agrarian reform funded by the Programa Nacional do Crédito Fundiário (PNCF). It is a policy of acquisition, distribution and use of Earth ideologically disseminated and funded by the World Bank in the context of productive insertion of landless workers. Accordingly, this study seeks to analyze the trajectory of rural settlements financed by this policy, seeking to understand what factors promote or limit the process of rural development of those settlements. To do so, take as a reference case study of the Assentamento da Fazenda Paz, in the municipality of Maxaranguape in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. From the methodological point of view, bibliographical and documentary research were used, in addition to visits to the settlement and semi-structured interviews with the settlers, trade union leaders, consultants and technicians linked to the project. Assuming the reports of respondents, initially constructs the hypothesis that informal and formal institutions present in the Assentamento da Fazenda Paz were unable to effectively coordinate the actions of the agents. The results obtained showed the existence of a very complex undertaking, with a total area of 607 hectares and 80 families settled, endowed with good quality water and irrigation infrastructure, with assets of approximately R$ 5 million reais. Experience experienced by the settlers understood the development of complex systems of production and marketing of fruits and vegetables, with an emphasis on the cultivation of papaya in an area of 45 hectares based on modern irrigation system and extensive use of technology. Collective management of production, marketing, revenue and costs stood out as a major challenge for the settlers and their representative organisations, i.e. the Community Association and the cooperative. From this observation it was possible to identify two moments on the trajectory of the project: the first, between 2007-2011, considered by respondents as successful, in which the integration of public policies and abundant input of revenue from the commercialization of the fruits da Paz, mainly through the sale of papaya and pineapple in national and international markets, allowed an average remuneration of R$ 800.00 reais to R$ 1,000 reais seated/monthIn addition to the production of vegetables and other types of products for sale and consumption; the second, from 2012, characterized as a failure, due to the discontinuity of the cultivation, production and marketing of fruits based on the collective bargaining model deployed. Important factors explain the discontinuity of the project, including the model of agriculture implemented, difficulties related to the management of production, marketing and finance the venture, in addition to the breach of trust between the Board of the cooperative and the associates and the distancing of the governmental organizations more directly responsible for the project. It is therefore concluded that we must to rethink rural development as a multidimensional phenomenon, requiring a broad engagement between State and society under the foundations of a territorial development contract

Vida, experiência, conhecimento : a reforma do sujeito cognoscente em Tsunessaburo Makiguchi

Utilizing a great part of the works by Japanese educator Tsunesaburo Makiguchi and the register of fragments of his life, this thesis affirms that knowledge emerges from peoples` experience as they go about their daily lives. Facts, events, genetic inheritance, cultural patrimony, family history, the place where one was born and lived, and psychological predispositions nurture and form a vision of the world and of life in general. In Makiguchi s case, this multi-causal constellation led him to conceive the system of the value-creating pedagogy of good, gain and beauty; discussing the importance of cognition and evaluation in the experience of the human being. His life is exemplary in demonstrating that these aspects are inter-connected and, in a recursive movement between knowledge and self-knowledge, they can generate creative systems for understanding the world and introducing, essentially, the author into the epistemological problematic of complexity. The Makiguchian system and Edgar Morin s complexity approach suggest a pragmatic, paradigmatic reform of education and a thought reformation in the direction of the complex pedagogy, and that it creates a web that connects master-disciple, subject-object, human-world, local-global and singular-universal

Descrição das ninfas de Quesada gigas (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) associadas ao cafeeiro

Neste trabalho, as ninfas de Quesada gigas (Olivier) são descritas e ilustradas. Uma chave para o reconhecimento dos cinco ínstares ninfais é também apresentada. Foram analisados exemplares coletados em cafezais dos municípios de São Sebastião do Paraíso, Monte Santo de Minas e Patrimônio (Minas Gerais), Franca e Casa Branca (São Paulo). As amostras encontram-se preservadas em álcool a 80% e depositadas na Coleção Entomológica do Departamento de Fitossanidade da FCAV-UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal. Os caracteres analisados foram: antenas, tecas alares, perna anterior, ápice da tíbia meso e metatorácicas e ápice abdominal do macho/fêmea. Foi adotada uma fórmula para indicar a configuração que é apresentada pelas estruturas presentes no fêmur anterior. Ninfas de Q. gigas de primeiro ínstar apresentam fórmula femoral 2-1-0, de segundo ínstar 2-1-3, de terceiro ínstar 2-1-5, de quarto ínstar 2-1-6 e as de quinto ínstar 2-2-8. O primeiro número refere-se à somatória dos dentes posteriores e dentes acessórios, o segundo ao número de dentes intermediários e o terceiro aos dentes do pente femoral. As estruturas apresentadas pelo fêmur protorácico constituem caracteres morfológicos adequados para a identificação dos ínstares ninfais de cigarras.

O grupo escolar modelo augusto severo (1908-1928): vinte anos de formação de professores

Ce travail a pour objet d'étude le Groupe Scolaire Augusto Severo, situé à Natal, première institution du type dans l'État du Rio Grande do Norte. Il analyse la pratique pédagogique, le modèle d'éducation primaire et d'expérimentation des personnes en formation de l'École Normale de Natal, entre 1908 et l'année de 1928. Dans cette période, se sont produites des tentatives d'organisation scolaire par le biais de la Réforme de l‟Enseignement Primaire (1908) et de la Réforme de l‟Enseignement (1916). Nous nous sommes basés sur l'Histoire Culturelle définie à travers la conjonction de l'histoire des objets dans sa matérialité, des pratiques dans leurs différences et configurations, des dispositifs dans leurs variations. Nous avons utilisé les journaux A República et Diário do Natal, la revue Pedagogium, des Lois, des Décrets et Messages du Gouvernement, des Codes d'Enseignement et le Régime Interne des Groupes Scolaires, documents qui proviennent du fonds de l'Institut Historique et Géographique do Rio Grande do Norte (IHGRN) et des sources iconographiques, provenant de l'Institut du Patrimoine Historique et Artistique National (IPHAN/RN). Dans les Archives Publiques de l‟Etat (APE/RN) nous avons recherché les Livres d'Enregistrement des Groupes Scolaires et Écoles Isolées, Offices, Inscriptions, Rapports et Actes de réunions de la Direction Générale de l'Instruction Publique et Journal de Classe. Nous avons analysé l'action des professeurs dans cette institution primaire, ainsi que l'histoire des disciplines scolaires et des programmes d'enseignement, la problématique des contenus et méthodes. Nous avons observé que la méthode intuitive était la dynamique de la pratique pédagogique efficace et que les rites de récompense, les cérémonies civiques composaient l‟ensemble des idées modernisatrices de l‟époque

Argamassas do grupo escolar Augusto Severo/RN: caracterização e incidência de manifestações patológicas

The search for cultural heritage preservation should be a constant, in order to minimize the lost of historical and cultural identity of a country. As part of this cultural heritage, highlights the importance of historical buildings. For the principles of restoration are met its important to know the state of conservation and the existing materials. Given the above, this work aims to study the pathological manifestations of the mortar coating from the Grupo Escolar Augusto Severo. For this, was conducted historical survey of the building, on-site visits with visual observation, collecting samples of mortar coating and characterization through visual and laboratory analysis, XRF, XRD, TG/DTG, OM and SEM-EDS. From the observations, pathological manifestations were found as: cracks, detachment of the coating, dirt, use of inappropriate material basis of cement, efflorescence, mold and mildew and also incompatible material base of cement. It was found that the pathological manifestations were intensified due to lack of coverage in some spots and especially the abandonment of the building, that many years does not have restoration or any other type of preventive and corrective maintenance. The results of laboratory tests indicated that the mortars studied are based on lime, with calcitic nature, and siliceous aggregate, with the presence of clay in two samples. From the samples collected, two are composed of lime, sand and clay and two by lime and sand. In this regard, it is important to conduct periodic inspections and maintenance, as well as carrying out restoration with use of material compatible with the original

Helena de Machado de Assis; Imagens literárias e a retórica da morte da nação inconclusa

Helena is the romance of perishable and discontinuous title character denominator of a dialectic that does not consume and build the narrative by sequential fragmentation combined with episodic frame. The novel is a lightning stroke to the romantic literary project. Therefore, this study aims to find "objective" elements of the novel that would constitute a conception of literary nation proposed by Machado de Assis, as in classical writing, where women are engaged as a metaphor for the nation by a non-cultural heroism, as the example of the Greek myth of Helena, where the feminine represents a mythical image of the nation. The paper's theoretical conception of the history of Walter Benjamin, that is, that is constructed as an allegorical appeal, the conclusions about the disciplinary society of nineteenth century of Michel Foucault, the construction of the nation as a subtle game to remember and forget of Wander Miranda and the rhetoric of death and loss reflected in the speeches of the cultural heritage of José Reginaldo Santos Gonçalves, which allow you to analyze the work permeated by subjectivity and existential conflicts by Machado, who has it arranged in dialectic with the avant-garde literary romanticism and realism. In this relationship with the Greek myth of Helen, explained that characters with the nickname of Helena in Machado's work are not uncommon. As in classical Helena, Machado s Helena uses three rhetorical are the cause of the seizure of the nation. In this game of remembering and forgetting, in the daily plebiscite, Machado draw ideal images that forged our mythical past and commitment to the future. The suffering love of Helena is suffering from failure of the nation which would have led the author to the use of allegorical language, seeking a balance in the chaos generated by the opposition between cruelty and pity widespread view in an area where only left the character's confession guilt for the death. It is a simulacrum of unfinished nation, the space for the game of remembering and forgetting, while the rhetoric of negotiation of our Brazilianness

Resistência e performance na arte de João Cota

Researching about the art of tell and the tales told by João Cota is somehow revisiting the oral tradition and social practice in the story-telling art. It takes into consideration the resistance this art still exerts, mainly by using the performance of oral transmission and receptiveness to tales. The study of this practice contributes to the vivacious and dynamcis permanence of this authentic and traditional storyteller of his repertory and of his form to tellin our culture. Story-telling is part of the humankind living heritage communicated by means of popular wisdom. Despite the risk of vanishing into thin air, along with their narrators, the tales still manage to resist the contemporary mass culture model. How long further will stories like the ones narrated by João Cota be able to resist to strong and stronger structures dictated by writing and other communication means? João Cota s practice in story-telling will be studied not only as a proposal to identify the presence of this practice and the oral cultural resistance but also, through the performance prospective, to identify the oral transmission and receptiveness to the tales that are part of this storyteller s repertoire. In other words: what he tells, how he tells it, and why he tells it. The advent of new technologies such as internet, through which people can easily communicate with others in different parts of the world, and the greater and greater expansion in the writing skill concept interfere the maintenance of the oral tradition elements present in João Cota s narratives and inserted in the Brazilian culture. This has become more visible in the latest decades although we still notice the living tradition and permanence of the story-telling practice in several parts of the country through their wise storytellers. Our research target will require - in each of its study stages reference to works by several theoreticians namely Paul Zumthor, Mikhail Bakhtin, Câmara Cascudo, theoreticians from the receptiveness aesthetic, from the written culture history, from oral cultures and reading practices, from tradition and the Brazilian Culture of oral story-telling. In order to get to know and draw a profile of this storyteller, we ve chosen to use the comprehensive interview method by French Sociologist Jean Claude Kaufmann. The originality in the method consists of the qualitative data put together in situ , concentrated on the storyteller s narratives/speeches recorded on tape, which will be the focal point of this study. Our analysis method is based on tireless sessions of listening to interviews out of which we gathered information related to the storyteller, his practice in telling the tales, and his repertoire

Análise espacial dos condicionantes da criminalidade violenta no estado de Minas Gerais

O fenômeno da criminalidade desponta neste início de século como um dos principais problemas vividos pelos habitantes das grandes cidades. Diversas ciências têm se dedicado ao estudo deste tema, mas somente nas últimas décadas a Geografia vem explorando a dimensão espacial da criminalidade através de uma sub-disciplina denominada Geografia do Crime. No escopo desta perspectiva surgem diversas contribuições para o estudo espacial da criminalidade. Este trabalho explora a distribuição espacial dos crimes contra pessoa e contra o patrimônio no Estado de Minas Gerais e, na sequência, analisa os condicionantes desta criminalidade. Para isso, faz-se uso de técnicas de mapeamento, com auxílio dos Sistemas de Informações Geográficas, e de estatística espacial.

O mercado imobiliário e a reinvenção da Ribeira, Natal - RN: verticalizar para renovar?

The real estate dynamic originates new spatial forms, which can determine new uses and new places. We tried to analyze this work, the spatial transformations in the Ribeira district, Natal / RN, due to the advancement of the housing market that is gradually transforming the landscape with the introduction of new types of housing, especially by verticalization. The verticalization of the neighborhood occurs almost at once, changing the local landscape. Notwithstanding this process, given the rapid growth of Natal in the last two decades and the strategic location of the neighborhood, it is pertinent to note that, if not the process of vertical integration, perhaps the neighborhood had been at the mercy of other urban interventions and other approach the real estate market. The research used as instruments interviews with actors who work in the property market in the town and representatives of organizations that have implemented major legislation in the area, the Instituto de Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) and the Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Urbanismo (SEMURB) as well as photographs on the area, in order to verify this new configuration that has been consolidated in the district. To support the theoretical discussion, there was a documentary and bibliographical research. In this way, the object of study of this search sees the uniqueness of urban renewal in the district of Ribeira and its relationship with the historic preservation laws and incentives for residential occupation in the neighborhood, especially regarding the vertical building

Sitios geologicos e geomorfologicos dos municipios de Acari, Carnaúba dos Dantas e Currais Novos, região saridó do Rio Grande do Norte

Geological and Geomorphological Sites of the Towns of Acari, Carnaúba dos Dantas and Currais Novos, Seridó Region of the Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil, consist s of a study about geological, geomorphological, mineralogical, palaeontological and archaeological features of the study area, aiming the identification of sites that presents scientific, historical, cultural, economic and ecological excellent importance, and that they deserve to receive special protection for its maintenance for the gifts and future generations. It was developed according with methods adopted for the Brazilian Commitee of Geological and Paleontological Sites SIGEP/UNESCO and by Initiati ve of Sofia for the Preservation of the Mineral Diversity of the Planet, objectifying the description of the main sites, the its environmental problematic and proposal of protectionistic measures. Seven sites with features and typical structures had been identified that they deserve to be aim of protection. In the Acari town, three sites had been identified: geological -geomorphologicalarchaeological site Barra of the Carnaúba; geological-geomorphological site of the Gargalheiras; and geological-geomorphological site Bico of Arara. In Carnaúba of the Dantas, the geomorphological complex river of the Bojo that possesss canyons and deep throats, with rocky-arts registers of the three great rocky-arts traditions of northeast: Northeast Seridó Sub-tradition, Wasteland and Itaquatiara. In the Currais Novos town, 3 sites had been also identified: geomorphological site Canyon of the Apertados; geomorphological-archaeological-palaeontological complex of the Totoró; e, geologicalmineralogical site Brejuí. Because to the environmental problematic that it involves each one of the identified sites, it is proposed, as a guarantee of protection to these sites, its economic exploitation with the ecogeotouristic activity, that it aims at to the integration of the community in programs of environmental education and others, besides providing to the generation of job and income for the towns. Finally, a series of measures is suggested that they aim at to the efectivation of the activity and to the protection of the sites that they can be classified as natural heritage, in accordance with the denomination of UNESCO, in its program World Natural Heritage

Ruínas sobre a Serra do Sincorá: a patrimonialização de Mucugê e do Cemitério Santa Isabel (Bahia, 1970-2012)

Esta investigación tienes como objetivo comprender como el Cementerio Santa Isabel, mientras que inserta en el paisaje urbano de Mucugê (Bahia), se construyó como un símbolo de la memoria local. Este proceso de valoración se inició con la preservación del cementerio - que fue construido a mediados del siglo XIX - por el Instituto del Patrimonio Histórico y Artístico Nacional (IPHAN), con el sitio urbano, en 1980. En este sentido, el Cementerio Santa Isabel, conocida en la región y en Mucugê como "Cementerio Bizantino", además de ser un espacio funcional y simbólico desde su construcción, se han consolidado después de su preservación como un objeto histórico y paisaje símbolo de la ciudad diamantina

A água nossa de cada dia : percepção, uso e predisposições comportamentais de alunos do ensino médio de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte

Embora a escassez de água seja reconhecida como um dos principais problemas mundiais a ser enfrentado pela humanidade, padrões comportamentais ecologicamente insustentáveis ainda persistem. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar determinantes do comportamento pró-ambiental relativo à água, bem como os significados que lhe são atribuídos por alunos do ensino médio do Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Rio Grande do Norte, em Natal. Compuseram a amostra de conveniência 315 estudantes, 146 mulheres e 169 homens, que responderam a um questionário sobre uso e percepção da água, contendo também indicadores de pró-ambientalismo, cuidado ambiental, desenvolvimento sustentável, perspectiva temporal, externalidades e coletivismo, além de inquérito sócio-demográfico. Para os participantes, água é sinônimo de vida, muito embora a relação que mantém com ela parece dúbia e, muito mais funcional que ecológica; consideram-na um recurso finito, um patrimônio indispensável à vida, contudo não foi observada coerência entre as concepções manifestadas e os comportamentos auto-relatados de uso da água. Os resultados encontrados apontaram preditores importantes do comportamento pró-ambiental relativo à água: sexo do respondente, Escala Novo Paradigma Ecológico e deixar forma de contato para participar de campanhas futuras. Seja para aprofundamento teórico em novos estudos, seja para auxiliar na elaboração de programas de educação ambiental, que poderiam contribuir para inibir os efeitos de uma cultura de consumo e de uma visão utilitarista da água, ampliando esforços individuais e coletivos para a preservação de bens comuns, como a água. Palavras-chave: psicologia ambiental; sustentabilidade; água; comportamento próambiental. x xi Abstract Although water scarcity is recognized as one of the main world-wide problems to be faced by human kind, ecologically unsustainable patterns of behavior still persist. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze pro-environmental behavior related to water, as well as meanings associated to it by high school students of Federal Center of Technological Education of Rio Grande do Norte, in Natal. The convenience sample was composed by 315 students, 146 women and 169 men, who answered a questionnaire about use and perception of water, containing indicators of proenvironmentalism, environmental care, sustainable development, time perspective, externalities and collectivism, besides socio-demographic items. According to participants, water is synonymous of life, even though the relationship they present with it is ambiguous, much more functional than ecological; they consider it a finite resource, an indispensable life patrimony, however there was no coherence between such conceptions and the self-reported behaviors of water use. Results indicated three important predictors of pro-environmental behavior: sex of respondent, New Ecological Paradigm Scale and telephone/address left for eventual contact to participate in future environmental campaigns. They may be used in additional studies for theoretical development, or to assist in the planning of programs of environmental education, aimed at the inhibition of the effects of a culture of consumption and of an utilitarian perception of water, extending individual and collective efforts towards the preservation of common resources as water

A Água nossa de cada dia: percepção, uso e predisposições comportamentais de alunos do ensino médio de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte

Although water scarcity is recognized as one of the main world-wide problems to be faced by human kind, ecologically unsustainable patterns of behavior still persist. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze pro-environmental behavior related to water, as well as meanings associated to it by high school students of Federal Center of Technological Education of Rio Grande do Norte, in Natal. The convenience sample was composed by 315 students, 146 women and 169 men, who answered a questionnaire about use and perception of water, containing indicators of proenvironmentalism, environmental care, sustainable development, time perspective, externalities and collectivism, besides socio-demographic items. According to participants, water is synonymous of life, even though the relationship they present with it is ambiguous, much more functional than ecological; they consider it a finite resource, an indispensable life patrimony, however there was no coherence between such conceptions and the self-reported behaviors of water use. Results indicated three important predictors of pro-environmental behavior: sex of respondent, New Ecological Paradigm Scale and telephone/address left for eventual contact to participate in future environmental campaigns. They may be used in additional studies for theoretical development, or to assist in the planning of programs of environmental education, aimed at the inhibition of the effects of a culture of consumption and of an utilitarian perception of water, extending individual and collective efforts towards the preservation of common resources as water

Atratividade cultural e potencialidade turística: análise do evento Auto de Natal (Natal RN)

Inserted in the schedule for Christmas celebration in the city of Natal, capital of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, the spectacle so called Auto de Natal mixes the Christmas story of Jesus birth with cultural and natural heritage of the state, making possible the integration of professionals from various fields, such as: literature, theater, dance and music. Important for local identity, Auto de Natal integrates elements of intangible heritage in the state. In this context, the research analyzed the perceptions of those who were involved in the production, presentation and organization of the event, planned to be culturally attractive to tourism. For this, it was used the descriptive and exploratory method, making use of documental, bibliographic and field researches. It was applied qualitative techniques to the interpretation of the interviews, while it was applied quantitative techniques to analyze the questionnaires. The research has discovered that Auto de Natal has the potential to add value to Cultural Tourism, diversifying the tourism product. The research has also observed that most of the respondents recognized Auto de Natal as intangible heritage, and concluded that the Christmas theme, which is alluding to the nomenclature of destiny, needs to be well-done to attract more tourists to experience the Natal in Natal

Geoparque Seridó RN: valores turísticos e gestão

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior