SIDS-Risiko bei Frühgeborenen : Analyse der Daten einer nationalen Fall-Kontrollstudie

Magdeburg, Univ., Med. Fak., Diss., 2012

Abgasanalyse der Brennwertzentrale CGW 20/120

[s.c.]

Determinação das raças fisiológicas do Fusarium do tomateiro de Pernambuco

Os autôres, utilizaram as variedades de tomates Santa Cruz e S-34 como variedade sdiferericiais, para determinar raças fisiológicas de Fusarium oxysporum f. lycopersici (Wr) Sny & Hans. Testaram 7 isolamentos do patógeno, retirados de material proveniente de Pernambuco, em condições de casa de vegetação com contrôle parcial de temperatura e concluiram que todos os 7 isolamentos reagiram como sendo da raça 1, e que houve variação na patogenicidade entre eles.

Nova raça de Fusarium do tomateiro em São Paulo

Os autôres, trabalhando em condições de casa de vegetação com contrôle parcial de temperatura do ar e fazendo inoculações artificiais, testaram as reações de 9 variedades, e de 10 progênies de tomateiro e da espécie L. pimpinellifolium (P.I. 126915-1-8) quanto à resistência a um isolamento de Fusarium do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados, permitiram chegar às seguintes conclusões: 1) as variedades comerciais com resistência às, raças 1 e 2 são suscetíveis ao fungo em estudo. 2) a espécie L pimpinellifolium (P.I. 126915-1-8) possui resistência à nova raça. 3) O isolamento em estudo pode ser considerado raça 3 de Fusarium oxysporum f. lycopersici (Wr) Sny & Hans.

Alguns aspectos citológicos da Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae em microscópio eletrônico

Os autores estudando culturas de 11 e 12 meses de Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae, mantidas em meio de Schüffner modificado por Verwoort, observaram em microscópio eletrônico, corpos de leptospira com zonas de condensação do citoplasma assumindo aspecto granular Figs. 1, 3, 4, 9, 7, 12. Nas Figs. 6 e 7 vemos com nitidez um dêsses grânulos desmembrando-se do corpo da leptospira e cuja imagem é semelhante a outros grânulos esparsos. O número dessas formações é variável, parecendo depender de muitas causas. A deformação do corpo da leptospira parece depender da perda de consistência da membrana em virtude de alteração da sua permeabilidade, fenomenos que deve preceder á formação dos grânulos. Notamos também nas mesmas condições de experiência, como na Fig. 3, que os referidos grânulos tem dois aspectos diferentes: um é o que já referimos de forma irregular e opaco como se fôsse uma imagem de cromatina condensada e outro aspecto é também de forma irregular, porém, transparente como se houvesse esvaziado seu conteúdo primitivo, Figs. 5, 7 e 13. Na fig. 12, observamos o esvaziamento de uma forma destas o retraimento do seu conteúdo em outra, observação facilitada com auxílio de lente. A fig. 2 revela um aspecto frqüente encontrado em trabalhos desta natureza como no de CZEKALWSKI, J. W. e EAVES, G., isto é: formação de um grânulo com posterior segmentação do mesmo. Finalmente a Fig. 11 nos mostra grânulos com a mesma densidade que os fragmentos dos corpos da leptospira. Como dissemos acima, a cultura contendo material com êste aspecto foi inoculada em cobaias cuja hemocultura nos forneceu de novo o germe reisolado, o que faz admitir constituirem êsses grânulos uma fase no ciclo vital da leptospira ou então elemento capazer de manter condições e fatôres necessários à continuidade da espécie.

Estruturas silicosas na gramínea Panicum maximum

The silica structure of the grass Panicum maximum were studied by electron and phase contrast microscopy. Several interesting kinds of silica formation (spiklets) were found. The most ineresting structures ressembels the "Schaumstruktur" found by HELMCKE in diatoms. Another interesting structure was described in the "silica cells" and a detailed study of the mophology of some different kinds of spiklets was made.

Microscopia eletrônica de granulações em Proteus vulgaris tratado como Cloreto de Trifeniltetrazólio

Zonas citoplasmáticas de atividade redutora de TTC foram evidenciadas em células de Proteus vulgaris examinadas ao microscópio eletrõnico. As experiências foram realizadas em vários intervalos de tempo, sendo a reação, em alguns casos, estabilizada por meio de formol. Verificou-se que as granulações de formazana podiam ser removidas no interior do corpo bacteriano por meio de tratamento com acetona. O bombardeamento pelos eléctrons, quando os germes não tinham sido fixados com formol, determinou a saída das granulações do interior dos bacilos, deixando vestígios de sua presença (rompimento das membranas celulares nos pontos onde estavam localizados). A fixação com formol evitava a saída dos grânulos. O acúmulo dos cristais de formazana, internamente, nos pólos ou ao longo do corpo bacteriano, provoca sérias alterações morfológicas.

Estudos anatômicos e histológicos sôbre a subfamília Triatominae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae): VIII parte: observações sôbre a superfície dos ovos das espécies mais importantes

Nesta comunicação analisa-se a formação do cório e a amostra da sua superfícies do ovo maduro. As amostras superficiais do cório, apresentadas em esquemas, são características para cada espécie examinada, de maneira que estas estruturas servem para a classificação das espécies.

Consensus of Official Position of IOF/ISCD FRAX Initiatives in Asia-Pacific Region.

The fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX(®)) has been developed for the identification of individuals with high risk of fracture in whom treatment to prevent fractures would be appropriate. FRAX models are not yet available for all countries or ethnicities, but surrogate models can be used within regions with similar fracture risk. The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) and International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) are nonprofit multidisciplinary international professional organizations. Their visions are to advance the awareness, education, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis. In November 2010, the IOF/ISCD FRAX initiative was held in Bucharest, bringing together international experts to review and create evidence-based official positions guiding clinicians for the practical use of FRAX. A consensus meeting of the Asia-Pacific (AP) Panel of the ISCD recently reviewed the most current Official Positions of the Joint Official Positions of ISCD and IOF on FRAX in view of the different population characteristics and health standards in the AP regions. The reviewed position statements included not only the key spectrum of positions but also unique concerns in AP regions.

In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, denosumab significantly improved trabecular bone score (TBS), an index of trabecular microarchitecture

Background/Purpose: The trabecular bone score (TBS), a novel graylevel texture index determined from lumbar spine DXA scans, correlates with 3D parameters of trabecular bone microarchitecture known to predict fracture. TBS may enhance the identification of patients at increased risk for vertebral fracture independently of bone mineral density (BMD) (Boutroy JBMR 2010; Hans JBMR 2011). Denosumab treatment for 36 months decreased bone turnover, increased BMD, and reduced new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (Cummings NEJM 2009). We explored the effect of denosumab on TBS over 36 months and evaluated the association between TBS and lumbar spine BMD in women who had DXA scans obtained from eligible scanners for TBS evaluation in FREEDOM. Methods: FREEDOM was a 3-year, randomized, double-blind trial that enrolled postmenopausal women with a lumbar spine or total hip DXA T-score __2.5, but not __4.0 at both sites. Women received placebo or 60 mg denosumab every 6 months. A subset of women in FREEDOM participated in a DXA substudy where lumbar spine DXA scans were obtained at baseline and months 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36. We retrospectively applied, in a blinded-to-treatment manner, a novel software program (TBS iNsightR v1.9, Med-Imaps, Pessac, France) to the standard lumbar spine DXA scans obtained in these women to determine their TBS indices at baseline and months 12, 24, and 36. From previous studies, a TBS _1.35 is considered as normal microarchitecture, a TBS between 1.35 and _1.20 as partially deteriorated, and 1.20 reflects degraded microarchitecture. Results: There were 285 women (128 placebo, 157 denosumab) with a TBS value at baseline and _1 post-baseline visit. Their mean age was 73, their mean lumbar spine BMD T-score was _2.79, and their mean lumbar spine TBS was 1.20. In addition to the robust gains in DXA lumbar spine BMD observed with denosumab (9.8% at month 36), there were consistent, progressive, and significant increases in TBS compared with placebo and baseline (Table & Figure). BMD explained a very small fraction of the variance in TBS at baseline (r2_0.07). In addition, the variance in the TBS change was largely unrelated to BMD change, whether expressed in absolute or percentage changes, regardless of treatment, throughout the study (all r2_0.06); indicating that TBS provides distinct information, independently of BMD. Conclusion: In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, denosumab significantly improved TBS, an index of lumbar spine trabecular microarchitecture, independently of BMD.

Which screening strategy using BMD measurements would be most cost effective for hip fracture prevention in elderly women? A decision analysis based on a Markov model.

INTRODUCTION: Hip fractures are responsible for excessive mortality, decreasing the 5-year survival rate by about 20%. From an economic perspective, they represent a major source of expense, with direct costs in hospitalization, rehabilitation, and institutionalization. The incidence rate sharply increases after the age of 70, but it can be reduced in women aged 70-80 years by therapeutic interventions. Recent analyses suggest that the most efficient strategy is to implement such interventions in women at the age of 70 years. As several guidelines recommend bone mineral density (BMD) screening of postmenopausal women with clinical risk factors, our objective was to assess the cost-effectiveness of two screening strategies applied to elderly women aged 70 years and older. METHODS: A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using decision-tree analysis and a Markov model. Two alternative strategies, one measuring BMD of all women, and one measuring BMD only of those having at least one risk factor, were compared with the reference strategy "no screening". Cost-effectiveness ratios were measured as cost per year gained without hip fracture. Most probabilities were based on data observed in EPIDOS, SEMOF and OFELY cohorts. RESULTS: In this model, which is mostly based on observed data, the strategy "screen all" was more cost effective than "screen women at risk." For one woman screened at the age of 70 and followed for 10 years, the incremental (additional) cost-effectiveness ratio of these two strategies compared with the reference was 4,235 euros and 8,290 euros, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this model, under the assumptions described in the paper, suggest that in women aged 70-80 years, screening all women with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) would be more effective than no screening or screening only women with at least one risk factor. Cost-effectiveness studies based on decision-analysis trees maybe useful tools for helping decision makers, and further models based on different assumptions should be performed to improve the level of evidence on cost-effectiveness ratios of the usual screening strategies for osteoporosis.