958 resultados para Nombres impairs
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Incluye Bibliografía
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Includes bibliography
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El 3 de enero falleció don Aníbal Pinto Santa Cruz, desde 1986 Director de esta Revista. El hecho nos invade de profundo pesar, y deja un hondo vacío en la institución. La Comisión Económica de las Naciones Unidas para América Latina y el Caribe se benefició por muchos años del brillo intelectual y la calidad humana de Don Aníbal, quien por varios años se desempeñó como Director de la División de Desarrollo Económico. Más que eso, fue una de las personalidades que le dio una clara identidad institucional a la Secretaría de la CEPAL. A la profundidad y lucidez de sus análisis sobre Chile y su proceso de desarrollo, unía una auténtica vocación latinoamericana, que lo llevó a realizar sólidos y valiosos aportes al progreso de las ideas en nuestra región. Pertenecía por derecho propio al selecto grupo de aquellos pensadores que mediante nuevas categorías y conceptos abren a los demás una visión enriquecida de la realidad. No es sorprendente, por lo tanto, que en toda la región existan discípulos y ex alumnos suyos. Persona de gran generosidad intelectual e impaciencia ante el saber convencional y las intolerancias de cualquier lado del espectro académico o político, Aníbal Pinto recibió el reconocimiento de la comunidad académica internacional, expresado en el Premio Iberoamericano de Economía "Raúl Prebisch", el Doctorado Honoris Causa de la Universidad de Campinas, en Brasil, y el Premio Nacional de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales de Chile, 1995. En meses recientes, recibió dos distinciones adicionales: la primera, de sus colegas de la CEPAL, que le rindieron un homenaje con ocasión del quincuagésimo aniversario de las Naciones Unidas; la segunda, al presentarse una recopilación de sus escritos publicada por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en un acto que se llevó a cabo en la Feria del Libro de Santiago, en diciembre pasado. La CEPAL ha tenido la infinita suerte de contar entre sus cuadros con grandes personalidades que han dejado un legado de valores, principios e ideas-fuerza; si se quiere, forjadores de instituciones. Es más, si hay algo que distingue a la CEPAL del resto de las entidades de las Naciones Unidas, es ese hecho. Entre los nombres que más resonarán, sin duda figurará el de Aníbal Pinto. Por eso, y por sus excepcionales cualidades humanas, lo recordaremos con afecto y admiración.
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Purposes: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the influence of chronic stress (CS) on implant osseointegration and also to analyze whether alendronate (ALN) therapy could prevent these eventual stress-negative effects. Materials and Methods: Adult male Holtzmann rats were assigned to one of the four experimental groups: AL (ALN; 1mg/kg/week; n=12), ALS (ALN+CS; 1mg/kg/week; n=12), CTL (sterile physiological saline; n=12), or CTLS (sterile physiological saline+CS; n=12). After 58 days of drug therapy, the ALS and CTLS groups were exposed to CS, and 2 days later all animals underwent tibial implant installation. The animals were euthanized 28 days following the operative surgical procedure. Results: It was observed that the CTLS group presented an impairment of bone metabolism represented by lowest levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and bone area fraction occupancy values. Furthermore, these animals presented a higher proportion of empty osteocytic lacunae. In contrast, the ALN therapy showed increased osseointegration and torque value parameters, regardless of stress exposition. Conclusions: Analysis of the data presented suggests that CS partially impairs the osseointegration of tibial implants and that ALN therapy is able to prevent these negative effects. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Incluye Bibliografía
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Background: Smoking impairs mucociliary clearance and increases respiratory infection frequency and severity in subjects with and without smoking-related chronic lung diseases. Objective: This study evaluated the effects of smoking intensity on mucociliary clearance in active smokers. Methods: Seventy-five active smokers were grouped into light (1-10 cigarettes/day; n = 14), moderate (11-20 cigarettes/day; n = 34) and heavy smokers (≥21 cigarettes/day; n = 27) before starting a smoking cessation programme. Smoking behaviour, nicotine dependence, pulmonary function, carbon monoxide in exhaled air (exCO), carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) and mucociliary clearance measured by the saccharin transit time (STT) test were all evaluated. An age-matched non-smoker group (n = 24) was assessed using the same tests. Results: Moderate (49 ± 7 years) and heavy smokers (46 ± 8 years) had higher STT (p = 0.0001), exCO (p < 0.0001) and COHb (p < 0.0001) levels compared with light smokers (51 ± 15 years) and non-smokers (50 ± 11 years). A positive correlation was observed between STT and exCO (r = 0.4; p < 0.0001), STT and cigarettes/day (r = 0.3, p = 0.02) and exCO and cigarettes/day (r = 0.3, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Smoking impairs mucociliary clearance and is associated with cigarette smoking intensity. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized abnormal dilatation of alveolar spaces, which impairs alveolar gas exchange, compromising the physical capacity of a patient due to airflow limitations. Here we tested the effects of G-CSF administration in pulmonary tissue and exercise capacity in emphysematous mice. C57Bl/6 female mice were treated with elastase intratracheally to induce emphysema. Their exercise capacities were evaluated in a treadmill. Lung histological sections were prepared to evaluate mean linear intercept measurement. Emphysematous mice were treated with G-CSF (3 cycles of 200 μg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days, with 7-day intervals) or saline and submitted to a third evaluation 8 weeks after treatment. Values of run distance and linear intercept measurement were expressed as mean ± SD and compared applying a paired t-test. Effects of treatment on these parameters were analyzed applying a Repeated Measures ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc analysis. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Twenty eight days later, animals ran significantly less in a treadmill compared to normal mice (549.7 ± 181.2 m and 821.7 ± 131.3 m, respectively; p < 0.01). Treatment with G-CSF significantly increased the exercise capacity of emphysematous mice (719.6 ± 200.5 m), whereas saline treatment had no effect on distance run (595.8 ± 178.5 m). The PCR cytokines genes analysis did not detect difference between experimental groups. Morphometric analyses in the lung showed that saline-treated mice had a mean linear intercept significantly higher (p < 0.01) when compared to mice treated with G-CSF, which did not significantly differ from that of normal mice. Treatment with G-CSF promoted the recovery of exercise capacity and regeneration of alveolar structural alterations in emphysematous mice. © 2013.
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The tapping mode is one of the mostly employed techniques in atomic force microscopy due to its accurate imaging quality for a wide variety of surfaces. However, chaotic microcantilever motion impairs the obtention of accurate images from the sample surfaces. In order to investigate the problem the tapping mode atomic force microscope is modeled and chaotic motion is identified for a wide range of the parameter's values. Additionally, attempting to prevent the chaotic motion, two control techniques are implemented: the optimal linear feedback control and the time-delayed feedback control. The simulation results show the feasibility of the techniques for chaos control in the atomic force microscopy. © 2012 IMechE.
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The presence of heparin and a mixture of penicillamine, hypotaurine, and epinephrine (PHE) solution in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) media seem to be a prerequisite when bovine spermatozoa are capacitated in vitro, in order to stimulate sperm motility and acrosome reaction. The present study was designed to determine the effect of the addition of heparin and PHE during IVF on the quality and penetrability of spermatozoa into bovine oocytes and on subsequent embryo development. Sperm quality, evaluated by the integrity of plasma and acrosomal membranes and mitochondrial function, was diminished (P < 0.05) in the presence of heparin and PHE. Oocyte penetration and normal pronuclear formation rates, as well as the percentage of zygotes presenting more than two pronuclei, was higher (P < 0.05) in the presence of heparin and PHE. No differences were observed in cleavage rates between treatment and control (P > 0.05). However, the developmental rate to the blastocyst stage was increased in the presence of heparin and PHE (P > 0.05). The quality of embryos that reached the blastocyst stage was evaluated by counting the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cell numbers and total number of cells; the percentage of ICM and TE cells was unaffected (P > 0.05) in the presence of heparin and PHE (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that while the supplementation of IVF media with heparin and PHE solution impairs spermatozoa quality, it plays an important role in sperm capacitation, improving pronuclear formation, and early embryonic development. © 2013 The Society for In Vitro Biology.
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Studies on the molecular bases of the neurotoxic action of acaricides are found in the literature; but there are no studies of this action on the nervous system of ticks at the cellular level. The present study describes the morphological and cytochemical changes in the synganglion of Rhipicephalus sanguineus semi-engorged females exposed to different concentrations of permethrin, a pyrethroid with recognized neurotoxic action. Permethrin induced the degeneration of the synganglion through a process of apoptosis involving autophagy, characterized by the condensation and margination of the chromatin, formation of blebs in the nuclear envelope and fragmentation of the nucleus, loss of shape of neural cells and integrity of cellular membrane, cytoplasmic shrinkage, and lower levels of acid phosphatase in the nervous tissue as the concentration of permethrin increased. This study provided further evidence of the neurotoxic action of permethrin, which impairs the metabolism of R. sanguineus nervous systems, and consequently the physiology of other systems, dependent on the neural control. These results provide cytochemical and histological confirmation of the neurotoxic action of permethrin, previously inferred from molecular and tick behavioral evidence. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
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The knowledge of the mechanisms underlying circulating volume control may be achieved by stretching a balloon placed at the junction of the superior vena cava-right atrial junction (SVC-RAJ). We investigated whether the inflation of a balloon at the SVC-RAJ inhibits the intake of 0.3M NaCl induced by GABAA receptor activation in the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) in euhydrated and satiated rats. Male Wistar rats (280-300g) with bilateral stainless steel LPBN cannulae and balloons implanted at the SVC-RAJ were used. Bilateral injections of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol (0.5ηmol/0.2l) in the LPBN with deflated balloons increased intake of 0.3M NaCl (30.1±3.9 vs. saline: 2.2±0.7)ml/210min, n=8) and water (17.7±1.9 vs. saline: 2.9±0.5ml/210min). Conversely, 0.3M NaCl (27.8±2.1ml/210min) and water (22.8±2.3ml/210min) intake were not affected in rats with inflated balloons at the SVC-RAJ. The results show that sodium and water intake induced by muscimol injected into the LPBN was not affected by balloon inflation at the SVC-RAJ. We suggest that the blockade of LPBN neuronal activity with muscimol injections impairs inhibitory mechanisms activated by signals from cardiopulmonary volume receptors determined by balloon inflation. © 2013 The Authors.
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Incluye Bibliografía
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - FOA
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
