生物分子在Ni纳米膜表面吸附的力学特性:分子动力学模拟

采用COMPASS力场,通过分子动力学模拟,研究了Ni纳米薄膜的弹性模量的尺寸效应,以及生物分子吸附在Ni表面对其力学性能的影响.计算结果表明,随着厚度的增大,吸附强度也在增强;Ni纳米薄膜的弹性模量随着膜厚的减小而减小.氨基酸在Ni表面的吸附能够提高其弹性模量1～2 GPa,并且表明分子的取向是重要的影响因素.

Depth dependence of nanohardness in a CuAlNi single crystal shape memory alloy

Instrumented nanoindentation was employed to study the depth dependence of nanohardness in a CuAlNi single crystal shape memory alloy that exhibits shape memory effect (SME). A Berkovich indenter and a cube comer indenter were used in this study, and the

Ni25Al75合金快速凝固过程中的包晶反应与凝固进程

用平面流铸技术制备了Ni25Al75合金条带，利用XRD，TEM和EDS对快速凝固后的显微组织和微区成分进行了分析。研究表明，Ni—A1合金快速凝固过程中的包晶反应受到了很大程度的抑制，从而影响到快速凝固进程，造成最终相组成中出现了平衡条件下不可能出现的α(A1)，并使NiAl3相有效合金浓度和生长速度增加，导致最终相组成中NiAl_3相质量分数增加。

The Uniaxial Tensile Deformation of Ni Nanowire: Atomic-Scale Computer Simulations

The mechanical deformations of nickel nanowire subjected to uniaxial tensile strain at 300 K are simulated by using molecular dynamics with the quantum corrected Sutten-Chen many-body force field. We have used common neighbor analysis method to investigate the structural evolution of Ni nanowire during the elongation process. For the strain rate of 0.1%/ps, the elastic limit is up to about 11% strain with the yield stress of 8.6 GPa. At the elastic stage, the deformation is carried mainly through the uniform elongation of the distances between the layers (perpendicular to the Z-axis) while the atomic structure remains basically unchanged. With further strain, the slips in the {111} planes start to take place in order to accommodate the applied strain to carry the deformation partially, and subsequently the neck forms. The atomic rearrangements in the neck region result in a zigzag change in the stress-strain curve; the atomic structures beyond the region, however, have no significant changes. With the strain close to the point of the breaking, we observe the formation of a one-atom thick necklace in Ni nanowire. The strain rates have no significant effect on the deformation mechanism, but have some influence on the yield stress, the elastic limit, and the fracture strain of the nanowire.

Grain Refinement at the Nanoscale Via Mechanical Twinning and Dislocation Interaction in a Nickel-Based Alloy

A nanostructured surface layer was formed on an Inconel 600 plate by subjecting it to surface mechanical attrition treatment at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy of the treated surface layer were carried out to reveal the underlying grain refinement mechanism. Experimental observations showed that the strain-induced nanocrystallization in the current sample occurred via formation of mechanical microtwins and subsequent interaction of the microtwins with dislocations in the surface layer. The development of high-density dislocation arrays inside the twin-matrix lamellae provides precursors for grain boundaries that subdivide the nanometer-thick lamellae into equiaxed, nanometer-sized grains with random orientations.

A Discussion on Modeling Shape Memory Alloy Embedded in A Composite Laminate as Axial Force and Elastic Foundation

In this paper, the possible error sources of the composite natural frequencies due to modeling the shape memory alloy (SMA) wire as an axial force or an elastic foundation and anisotropy are discussed. The great benefit of modeling the SMA wire as an axial force and an elastic foundation is that the complex constitutive relation of SMA can be avoided. But as the SMA wire and graphite-epoxy are rigidly bonded together, such constraint causes the re-distribution of the stress in the composite. This, together with anisotropy, which also reduces the structural stiffness can cause the relatively large error between the experimental data and theoretical results.

The effect of carbon encapsulation on the magnetic properties of Ni nanoparticles produced by arc discharge in de-ionized water

Despite intensive research on optimizing the methods for depositing carbon encapsulated ferromagnetic nanoparticles, the effect of the carbon cages remains unclear. In the present work, the effect of the graphitic cages on the magnetization of the ferromagnetic core has been studied by comparing the magnetic properties of pure and carbon encapsulated Ni particles of the same size. The carbon encapsulated Ni particles were formed using an electric arc discharge in de-ionized water between a solid graphite cathode and an anode consisting of Ni and C in a mass ratio of Ni:C = 7:3. This method is shown to have potential for low cost production of carbon encapsulated Ni nanoparticle samples with narrow particle size distributions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis were used to study the crystallography, morphology, and size distribution of the encapsulated and pure Ni nanoparticle samples. The availability of encapsulated particles with various sizes allowed us to elucidate the role of carbon cages in size-dependent properties. Our data suggest that even though encapsulation is beneficial for protection against hostile chemical environments and for avoiding low proximity phenomena, it suppresses the saturation magnetization of the Ni cores.

Magnetic properties and magnetic domain structure of bulk glass forming Nd60Al10Fe20Co10 alloy

The transition from hard to soft magnetic behaviour with increasing quenching rate is shown for Nd60WAl10Fe20Co10 melt-spun ribbons with different thickness. Microstructure and magnetic domain structure of ribbons were studied by magnetic force microscopy (MFM). Particle sizes < 5 nm decreasing gradually with increasing quenching rate were deduced from topographic images which differ from large-scale magnetic domains with a periodicity of about 350 nm in all ribbons irrespective the coercivity. This indicates that the magnetic properties of the alloy are governed by interaction of small magnetic particles. It is concluded that the presence of short-range-ordered structures with a local ordering similar to the Al metastable Nd-Fe binary phase is responsible for the hard magnetic properties in samples subjected to relatively low quenching rate.

Instrumento metodológico de evaluación de la efectividad de manejo de la reserva de bíosfera Bosawas por los pueblos índigenas Mayangnas y Miskitus

La Facultad de Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente (FARENA) de la Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA) en conjunto con la Secretaria Técnica de BOSAWAS (SETAB) y el Proyecto Reserva de Biósfera Transfronteriza “Corazón del Corredor Biológico Mesoamericano” (PRBT - CCBM) , consideraron como objetivo principal d el presente estudio adecuar un instrumento de e valuación de la efectividad de manejo de la Reserva de Biosfera BOSAWAS (RB B), considerando las prácticas, costumbres y tradiciones de los pueblos indígenas Mayangnas y Miskitus d e Jinotega y RAAN, que habitan dentro de este valioso espacio natural d e Nicaragua . Fueron seleccionados tres modelos metodológicos de evaluación (CIPIPPR, RAPPAM y CIPP) para adecuar y aplicar un solo modelo denominado “ c iclo de evaluación – CPPPR” . Con la implementación del nuevo mode lo : (1) se evaluó el c ontexto de los pueblos indígenas desde el punto de vista de su cosmovisión , cultura y administración indígena ; (2) se p lanific aron los p rocesos logísticos, financieros, informantes claves o grupo meta, metodologías participativas para cada taller programado y las formas de recabar la información de manera flexible en cada encuentro ; (3) se obtuvieron los p roductos requeridos para ir generando el instrumento de evaluación de la efectividad de manejo en conjunto con los participantes ind ígenas y se realizaron tres evaluaciones en los períodos 2010, 2011 y 2012 ; (4) y con los r esultados de los 5 talleres - encuentros realizados se identificaron los ámbitos, criterios e indicadores propios para estos pueblos indígenas. La propuesta del nuevo Instrumento denominado e valuación de la e fectividad de m anejo de la RBB por los pueblos indígenas Mayangnas y Miskitos, fue oficializado por l os gobiernos territoriales indígenas (GTI) por su ley de autonomía y publicado por MARENA como “Los indígena de BO SAWAS, apropiados y restituidos en el derecho de seguimiento al cuido, amor y resguardo de la madre tierra. Est e instrumento orienta a los GTI c ó mo monitorear y evalua r cuantitativa mente (valores numéricos y p onderaciones ) y cualitativa mente ( revisión y an álisis de sus condiciones en función de su ponderación adquirida y escenario óptimo ) . El instrumento comprende 4 ámbitos , 12 Criterios y 36 indicadores constru idos conjunta y consensuadamente por los líderes indígenas participantes con su propio sentir, co nceptos, tradiciones, necesidades y cosmovisión que les caracterizan . Participaron un promedio de 18 líderes indígenas de 7 territorios convocados, con poca as istencia de mujeres indígenas . La calificación ponderada resultante de la s tres evaluaciones real izadas indica que el pueblo Miskitus desde su perspectiva valora su efectividad de manejo de ntro del Área protegida RBB con e l 68% del cumplimiento , alcanzando una calificación de 122 puntos ; y el territorio Mayangna la evalúa con el 52%, equivalente a 96 puntos. S in embargo al ubicar el valor del cumplimiento en función de la escala de calificaciones , amb a s etnias se ubican en la ponderación de ACEPTABLE. Los líderes coincide n que el instrumento es una vía para el desar roll o de capacidades de auto gestiones locales y regionales para alcanzar el manejo Satisfactorio u óptimo para sus pueblos

Shear Strength Measurements in LY-12 Aluminium Alloy During Shock Loading

Lateral stress of LY-12 alummium alloy under plate impact shock loading was measured. Based on the measured data, the Hugoniot relation and shear strength were obtained. The result has demonstrated that the shear strenath of the tested material increases remarkably with the increasing longitudinal stress. This means that the assumption of constant shear strength usually adopted in shock stress calculation is not suitable for the present material.

Tensile properties of thermally exposed aluminium borate whisker reinforced 6061 aluminium alloy composite

The effect of thermal exposure on the tensile properties of aluminium borate whisker reinforced 6061 aluminium alloy composite was studied. The interfacial reaction was investigated by TEM and the mechanical properties were studied using tensile tests. The results indicated that the interfacial reaction had an influence on the mechanical properties of the composite, so that the maxima of Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the composite after exposure at 500?C for 10 h were obtained for the optimum degree of interfacial reaction. The yield strength,however, was not only affected by the interfacial state but also by many other factors.

Predictions for Partial-Dislocation-Mediated Processes in Nanocrystalline Ni by Generalized Planar Fault Energy Curves: An Experimental Evaluation

Generalized planar fault energy (GPFE) curves have been used to predict partial-dislocation-mediated processes in nanocrystalline materials, but their validity has not been evaluated experimentally. We report experimental observations of a large quantity of both stacking faults and twins in nc Ni deformed at relatively low stresses in a tensile test. The experimental findings indicate that the GPFE curves can reasonably explain the formation of stacking faults, but they alone were not able to adequately predict the propensity of deformation twinning.