Métodos histoquímicos para a identificação de leucócitos e macrófagos

Os autores descrevem a padronização de técnicas histoquímicas, fosfatase ácida, alfa-naftil-acetato esterase e peroxidase para identificação de linfócitos e macrófagos em tecido. Recomenda-se a fixação em formol sacarose tamponado e inclusão em goma de Holt como a mais eficaz ja que não só conserva a atividade enzimática, como também e de realização acessivel.

Alguns aspectos da ecologia dos mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) de uma área de planície (Granjas Calábria), em Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro. I. frequência comparativa das espécies em diferentes ambientes e métodos de coleta

Para estudar a ecologia dos mosquitos de planície litorânea do Rio de janeiro efetuamos, de agosto de 1981 a julho de 1983, uma série de coletas de adultos e formas imaturas numa fazenda, Granjas Calábria, em Jacarepaguá. Encontramos 50 espécies, inclusive nove que assinalamos pela primeira vez no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e várias transmissoras potenciais de doenças humanas. Neste primeiro artigo de uma série, apresentamos os resultados referentes á frequência comparativa dos adultos em diferentes ambientes e métodos de caputra. De 20.472 mosquitos adultos capturados, Mansonia titillans foi a espécie mais frequente, seguida de Aedes scapularis, phoniomyia deanei, Phoniomyia davisi e Culex saltanensis. Em isca humana a sequência foi a mesma. A fauna em armadilha luminosa não coincidiu com a de mosquitos capturados picando homem e animais, sendo Uranotaenia lowi a espécie mais assídua. As capturas em mata residual secundaria foram mais rendosas do que as realizadas em charco e ambientes descampados por ação antrópica, com exceção de Mansonia titillans, Coquillettidia venezuelensis, Culex amazonensis e Wyeomyia leucostigama em que essa diferença não se constatou ou se inverteu.

Métodos de extracción de parámetros de un circuito equivalente de pequeña señal para transistores LDMOS de potencia para aplicaciones de RF

En la actualidad, la gran cantidad de aplicaciones que surgen dentro del ámbito de la radiofrecuencia hacen que el desarrollo de dispositivos dentro de este campo sea constante. Estos dispositivos cada vez requieren mayor potencia para frecuencias de trabajo elevadas, lo que sugiere abrir vías de investigación sobre dispositivos de potencia que ofrezcan los resultados deseados para altas frecuencias de operación (GHz). Dentro de este ámbito, el objetivo principal de este proyecto es el de realizar un estudio sobre este tipo de dispositivos, siendo el transistor LDMOS el candidato elegido para tal efecto, debido a su buen comportamiento en frecuencia para tensiones elevadas de funcionamiento.

Indexació de continguts televisius: anàlisis de vídeo

Aquest és un projecte que tracta sobre la indexació automàtica de continguts televisius. És una tasca que guanyarà importància amb els imminents canvis que hi haurà en la televisió que coneixem. L'entrada de la nova televisió digital farà que hi hagi una interacció molt més fluida entre l'espectador i la cadena, a més de grans quantitats de canals, cada un amb programes de tipus totalment diferents. Tot això farà que tenir mètodes de cerca basats en els continguts d'aquests programes sigui del tot imprescindible. Així doncs, el nostre projecte està basat plenament en poder extreure alguns d'aquests descriptors que faran possible la categorització dels diferents programes televisius.

Consumo quantitativo e qualitativo de Perifíton colonizado em substrato artificial Biomphalaria Tenagophila (Gastropoda, Planorbidae)

Moluscos criados no campo em gaiolas transparentes e escurecidas apresentaram o mesmo consumo diário de perifíron; entretanto nas primeiras existia maior proporção de organismos vegetais e nas últimas maior proporção de organismos animais. O consumo diário por molusco foi significamente maior em presença de maiores quantidades de alimento, porém a proporção consumida do total de alimento disponível decresceu.

L'albedo lunar i els satèl·lits: Recerca sobre els efectes de l'albedo lunar en les plaques solars d'un satèl·lit artificial que orbita al voltant de la Lluna

Treball de recerca realitzat per una alumna d'ensenyament secundari i guardonat amb un Premi CIRIT per fomentar l'esperit científic del Jovent l'any 2009. L’albedo lunar i els satèl•lits és un treball que relaciona l’enginyeria aeroespacial amb l’astronomia. El seu objectiu principal investigar si l’albedo lunar, els rajos de sol reflectits a la superfície lunar, pot modificar significativament la temperatura de les plaques solars d’un satèl•lit artificial que orbiti la Lluna i, en conseqüència, afectar-ne el rendiment. El segon objectiu del treball és calcular si seria possible fer un mapa d’albedo lunar, a partir de la temperatura d’un satèl•lit en òrbita al voltant de la Lluna, que permetria conèixer amb més precisió la composició de la superfície lunar. Després d’adquirir els fonaments teòrics necessaris per a realitzar el treball, del procés per a trobar la manera de dur a terme els càlculs i d’efectuar els càlculs en si, les conclusions del treball són que l’albedo lunar causa un augment de temperatura en els satèl•lits prou significatiu per afectar-ne el rendiment; i que amb les temperatures enregistrades per un satèl•lit en òrbita al voltant de la Lluna es podria crear un mapa d’albedo. Aquesta recerca ha estat feta per suggeriment i sota la supervisió del CTAE (Centre de Tecnologia Aeroespacial) per analitzar si els resultats són aplicables al satèl•lit que s’enviarà a la Lluna, Lunar Mission BW1.

Transmission immunity in malaria: reflections on the underlying immune mechanisms during natural infections and following artificial immunization

Malaria transmission-blocking immunity has been studied in natural malaria infections in man, during infections in animals and following artificial immunization of animals with sexual stage malaria parasites. Effective immunity, which prevents infectivity of a malarial infection to mosquitoes, has been observed under all of these circumstances. Two general types of effector mechanism have been identified. One is an antibody mediated mechanism which acts against the extracellular sexual stages of the parasite within the midgut of a blood feeding mosquito. The other is a cytokine mediated mechanism which inactivates the gametocytes of the parasites while in the circulation of the vertebrate host. Both effects have been observed during natural infections and following artificial immunization. The basis of induction of transmission-blocking immunity, including the nature of the memory for such immunity, however, may be very different in different host/parasite systems and during natural infection of following artificial immunization. Following artificial immunization a strong immune memory for transmission blocking immunity has been observed in animal systems. By contrast, following natural infections in man immune memory for transmission blocking immunity has been found to be weak and short lived if it occurs at all. It is suggested that the immunogens which induce natural transmission blocking immunity may be CD4+ independent.

Métodos de diagnóstico malacológico

Specific identification of the snail vectors: (a) shell features; (b) animal features (genital organs); (c) biochemical techniques (electrophoresis). The snail infection rates: (a) exposure to light and cercarial identification; (b) snail crushing and identification or the larval forms in the tissues.

Commentary on: Berger-Karin C, Hendricks U, Geyer-Lippmann J. Comparison of natural and artificial aging of ballpoint inks

We would like to comment this study recently published in JFS. It is a short technical note proposing an artificial aging technique for the dating of ballpoint pen inks. This is a very difficult and controversial topic, and we are worried about the nature of this paper. The authors propose several ideas to differentiate fast aging and slow aging inks, but their experimental data is not validly represented and/or discussed. The data is insufficient to draw any conclusions about any potential of the method for ink dating purposes. This lack of information on the subject must be filled before proposing such methods for practical caseworks. These are preliminary and unconvincing results from development research performed in a laboratory on controlled samples without due warnings about potential shortcomings. They cannot be used or even compared to results obtained in real situations on uncontrolled specimens of limited size, unknown composition and undefined storage conditions. This can leave an undeserved feeling that these methods are ready for implementation when the task of ensuring their scientific validity is still far away.

Artificial Feeding of Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (Acari: Ixodidae) through Silicone Membrane

An artificial feeding system was used where citrated bovine blood was offerred to male and female Amblyomma cajennense. Vestiges of blood, sweat, hair and exfoliated skin were used as phago-stimulants placed on the surface of the silicone membrane. The ticks were collected, as engorged nymphs, from naturally infested equines, with the ecdysis occurring in the laboratory. Four hundred ticks were used, 50% being female, at three to four weeks post-ecdysis. Vestiges of blood on the silicone membrane were the most efficient phago-stimulant and the association of vestiges of blood and sweat residue smears yielded better results compared to the other phago-stimulants used

Comparison between Two Methods for Diagnosis of Trichinellosis: Trichinoscopy and Artificial Digestion

Two direct methods for the diagnosis of trichinellosis were compared: trichinoscopy and artificial digestion. Muscles from 17 wistar rats, orally infected with 500 Trichinella spiralis encysted larvae were examined. From each of the following muscles: diaphragm, tongue, masseters, intercostals, triceps brachialis and cuadriceps femoralis, 648,440 larvae from 1 g samples were recovered. The linear correlation between trichinoscopy and artificial digestion was very high and significant (r=0.94, p< 0.0001), showing that both methods for the detection of muscular larvae did not differ significantly. In both methods, significant differences were found in the distribution of larvae per gramme of muscle

Desarrollo de nuevos materiales sólidos para la captura de CO2 a alta temperatura

El efecto invernadero provocado por la emisión masiva de CO2 derivado de la combustión de derivados fósiles, entre otros, está provocando serios problemas ambientales que afectan a ecosistemas de todo el planeta. Para reducir las emisiones se emplea la ciencia para diseñar nuevos métodos para capturar CO2 proveniente de la industria, transporte, energía, etc., y así causar el mínimo impacto ambiental posible hasta que dispongamos de la tecnología suficiente para abastecer la demanda energética por fuentes renovables. Entre las distintas tecnologías existentes, el trabajo pretende desarrollar un material sintético basado en calcio para captura Post-Combustión de CO2 en condiciones de presión atmosférica y alta temperatura (750 ºC) para la principal aplicación en centrales termoeléctricas. El material ha sido sintetizado por duplicado aplicando una caracterización de área superficial BET, microestructura con MEB, detección de fases con XRD y finalmente un estudio de la captura de CO2 con microbalanza de suspensión magnética. También es objetivo del trabajo estudiar el comportamiento de captura del material cuando existe la presencia de agua y/o SO2 éste normalmente presente en los gases de salida procedentes de la combustión de combustibles fósiles, tal como carbón, petróleo o gas natural. De nuevo las técnicas mencionadas han sido utilizadas para el estudio del comportamiento de captura. El material, tiene una captura de CO2 superior a otros materiales utilizados con el mismo fin. Se comporta mejor en presencia de agua y se anula la capacidad de captura por la formación de CaSO4, si en el flujo de gases está presente SO2 en una concentración mínima del 0,95%. Finalmente se realiza una breve mención sobre el posible impacto ambiental de la implantación del material así como un pequeño análisis de costes asociados a la utilización del mismo en comparación con otro material utilizado actualmente.

Ultimate test bench for pediatric biventricular assist device based on artificial muscles.

Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are used in treatment for terminal heart failure or as a bridge to transplantation. We created biVAD using the artificial muscles (AMs) that supports both ventricles at the same time. We developed the test bench (TB) as the in vitro evaluating system to enable the measurement of performance. The biVAD exerts different pressure between left and right ventricle like the heart physiologically does. The heart model based on child's heart was constructed in silicone. This model was fitted with the biVAD. Two pipettes containing water with an ultrasonic sensor placed on top of each and attached to ventricles reproduced the preload and the after load of each ventricle by the real-time measurement of the fluid height variation proportionally to the exerted pressure. The LabVIEW software extrapolated the displaced volume and the pressure generated by each side of our biVAD. The development of a standardized protocol permitted the validation of the TB for in vitro evaluation, measurement of the performances of the AM biVAD herein, and reproducibility of data.

Artificial Snow Optimization in Winter Sport Destinations Using a Multi-agent Simulation

This paper presents the Juste-Neige system for predicting the snow height on the ski runs of a resort using a multi-agent simulation software. Its aim is to facilitate snow cover management in order to i) reduce the production cost of artificial snow and to improve the profit margin for the companies managing the ski resorts; and ii) to reduce the water and energy consumption, and thus to reduce the environmental impact, by producing only the snow needed for a good skiing experience. The software provides maps with the predicted snow heights for up to 13 days. On these maps, the areas most exposed to snow erosion are highlighted. The software proceeds in three steps: i) interpolation of snow height measurements with a neural network; ii) local meteorological forecasts for every ski resort; iii) simulation of the impact caused by skiers using a multi-agent system. The software has been evaluated in the Swiss ski resort of Verbier and provides useful predictions.