Avaliação Ecológica das Terras Salgadas - Ilha do Maio, Cabo Verde para Possível Estabelecimento de uma Nova População da Laverca do Raso (Alauda Razae)

A laverca do Raso (Alauda razae) é uma espécie em risco crítico de extinção pois só existe num pequeno ilhéu de 7km2, o ilhéu do Raso em Cabo Verde. As medidas de protecção já adoptadas, não são, aparentemente, suficientes para prevenir os riscos a que esta espécie está ou poderá estar sujeita e que podem incluir grandes períodos de seca, ocorrência de uma catástrofe natural ou a introdução acidental de mamíferos predadores, como gatos e ratos. Assim, torna-se urgente a adopção de outras medidas de protecção da espécie, como por exemplo o estabelecimento de novas populações noutras ilhas. A ilha do Maio, localizada no grupo sul do arquipélago de Cabo Verde, a 200km do Raso, poderá ser um bom local para estabelecer uma nova população da laverca do Raso. A zona litoral das Terras Salgadas é um local potencial para este efeito, uma vez que é um Parque Nacional, protegido por lei e apresenta um habitat potencialmente semelhante ao encontrado no Ilhéu do Raso. No presente estudo procedeu-se à avaliação ecológica das Terras Salgadas de modo a avaliar a possibilidade de aí se estabelecer uma nova população da laverca do Raso. Foram selecionadas 4 áreas litorais (cada uma com 25ha) que foram caracterizadas quanto ao tipo de ocupação do solo, à flora e à fauna, através de pontos de amostragem, transectos lineares, captura de ratos e contagem de insectos nocturnos. Foi dada particular atenção aos factores favoráveis à sobrevivência da cotovia-do-Raso (presença de plantas e insectos de que se alimenta e de locais favoráveis à nidificação) bem como àqueles que constituem riscos (influência humana e presença de predadores). Todos estes dados foram georreferenciados e mapeados. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que, apesar da existência de factores de risco para a introdução da laverca do Raso, existem pelo menos duas áreas estudadas que reúnem as condições potencialmente adequadas ao estabelecimento bem-sucedido de uma nova população desta espécie.

Audit report on the Webster County Metropolitan Law Enforcement Telecommunications Board for the years ended June 30, 2007 and June 30, 2006

Audit report on the Webster County Metropolitan Law Enforcement Telecommunications Board for the years ended June 30, 2007 and June 30, 2006

Report on the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship for the year ended June 30, 2007

Report on the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship for the year ended June 30, 2007

RAGBRAI Learn about the Land; Day 1, July 2008

Want to know what conditions to expect over the next stage of RAGBRAI? How hilly will it be, what towns and parks are between here and there, or what services are coming up in the next town?

RAGBRAI Learn about the Land; Day 2, July 2008

On today’s ride we continue riding across the Southern Iowa Drift Plain. This landform region covers over 40% of the state and comprises most of southern Iowa. Over the last several million years Iowa was subjected to at least seven glacial advances. The last of these older advances occurred approximately 500,000 years ago. Since then the landscape has been subjected to stream erosion and from12,500-24,000 years ago was mantled with a thick blanket of loess before being further eroded.

RAGBRAI Learn about the Land; Day 3, July 2008

Although during much of its geologic history Iowa was part of an interior sea, today what we see on the land surface has been heavily influenced by recent glaciation. Everything from Iowa soils, rivers, lakes, and hills has been influenced by glaciation. Most of Iowa’s bedrock is hidden beneath a thick mantle of deposits from the Cenozoic (i.e., new life) Era, spanning the last 65 million years. Geologists have divided the Cenozoic Era into two periods. These are the Tertiary (1.8-65 million years ago) and Quaternary Periods (recent to 1.8 million years ago). Most geologic records in Iowa are from the Quaternary period, and include glacial till and loess.

RAGBRAI Learn about the Land; Day 4, July 2008

Today’s ride departs Ames and heads towards Nevada. The Ames area is one of the classic areas to view elongated hummocks. These landforms are discontinous, lower relief curvilinear ridges which are east-west trending features. At one time geologists thought these hummocks formed at the base of the glacier due to glacial movement. It is now understood that these features may have developed within the glacier, in a large crevasse field that formed behind the ice (Bemis Moraine) margin as the ice stagnated and melted.

RAGBRAI Learn about the Land; Day 5, July 2008

Today, after you descend into the valley of the Iowa River north of Marengo, the route turns east on county road F15 and approaches the historic Amana Society. Settled in the late 1850s by German immigrants of the Community of True Inspiration, the new arrivals utilized the local timber and stone resources to construct their buildings. During these early years several stone quarries were opened in the hills along the north wall of the Iowa River valley near East, Middle, and West Amana. Riders will pass close to one of these old quarries 0.7 miles west of West Amana. The stone taken from these quarries is beautiful quartz-rich sandstone that is cemented by light brown to orange tinged iron oxide. This stone was used in the construction of many buildings in Amana.

RAGBRAI Learn about the Land; Day 6, July 2008

Today you will be biking over the Iowa and Cedar rivers, two major rivers hit by the Iowa flood of 2008. Three miles northeast of North Liberty you’ll cross the Iowa River. The river crested on June 15, 2008 at a record 31.53 ft., three feet higher than the previous record during the flood of 1993. The flooding river caused extensive damage to the University of Iowa (see cover photo of Iowa Memorial Union taken by Univ. Relations, Univ. of Iowa), Coralville, and numerous smaller towns. The flooding of the Cedar River, which RAGBRAI will cross at Sutliff, caused even greater damage. At Cedar Rapids, the 2008 flood crest of 31.12 ft. was over 11 ft. higher than the previous record set in 1851! This massive amount of water inundated downtown Cedar Rapids, Palo, and Columbus Junction and caused massive damage to buildings and infrastructure. When crossing the Cedar River at Sutliff, be sure to look to your right to see the remains of the Historic Sutliff Bridge, one of the many casualties of the Iowa flood of 2008.

RAGBRAI Learn about the Land; Day 7, July 2008

Iowa’s land was mapped long before it was declared a state. Since Lewis and Clark published their journey across the North American west in 1814, many different uses for maps have been found. Today there are maps of Iowa’s roads, waterways, landscape features, geology, and land use. One of the more recent mapping efforts has involved using a technology called LiDAR. This technology creates a topographic map of Iowa’s elevation that is accurate to within eight inches, ten times higher resolution than in previous elevation maps.

Audit report on the Iowa Law Enforcement Academy for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the Iowa Law Enforcement Academy for the year ended June 30, 2007

Iowa Law Enforcement Academy Performance Report FY2012

The Iowa Law Enforcement Academy (ILEA) was created by an act of the Iowa legislature in 1967 with its purpose being to upgrade law enforcement to professional status. The specific goals were to maximize training opportunities for law enforcement officers, to coordinate training and to set standards for the law enforcement services.

Iowa Law Enforcement Academy FY2008 Annual Report and Performance Report

Annual Report Created by Academy Director E.A. (Penny) Westfall

The economics of organized crime and optimal law enforcement

This paper extends the optimal law enforcement literature to organized crime.We model the criminal organization as a vertical structure where the principal extracts some rents from the agents through extortion. Depending on the principal's information set, threats may or may not be credible. As long as threats are credible, the principal is able to fully extract rents.In that case, the results obtained by applying standard theory of optimal law enforcement are robust: we argue for a tougher policy. However, when threats are not credible, the principal is not able to fully extract rents and there is violence. Moreover, we show that it is not necessarily true that a tougher law enforcement policy should be chosen when in presence of organized crime.