The Interplay between Melting, Refertilization and Carbonatite Metasomatism in Off-Cratonic Lithospheric Mantle under Zealandia: an Integrated Major, Trace and Platinum Group Element Study

It is widely accepted that stabilization of the continental crust requires the presence of sub-continental lithospheric mantle. However, the degree of melt depletion required to stabilize the lithosphere and whether widespread refertilization is a significant process remain unresolved. Here, major and trace element, including platinum group elements (PGE), characterization of 40 mantle xenoliths from 13 localities is used to constrain the melt depletion, refertilization and metasomatic history of lithospheric mantle underneath the micro-continent Zealandia. Our previously published Re–Os isotopic data for a subset of these xenoliths indicate Phanerozoic to Paleoproterozoic ages and, reinterpreted with the new major and trace element data presented here, demonstrate that a large volume (>2 million km3) of lithospheric mantle with an age of 1·99 ± 0·21 Ga is present below the much younger crust of Zealandia. A peritectic melting model using moderately incompatible trace elements (e.g. Yb) in bulk-rocks demonstrates that these peridotites experienced a significant range of degrees of partial melting, between 3 and 28%. During subsolidus equilibration clinopyroxene gains significant rare earth elements (REE), which then leads to the underestimation of the degree of partial melting by ≤12% in fertile xenoliths. A new approach taking into account the effects of subsolidus re-equilibration on clinopyroxene composition effectively removes discrepancies in the calculated degree of melting and provides consistent estimates of between 4 and 29%. The estimated amount of melting is independent of the Re–Os model ages of the samples. The PGE patterns record simple melt depletion histories and the retention of primary base metal sulfides in the majority of the xenoliths. A rapid decrease in Pt/IrN observed at c. 1·0 wt % Al2O3 is a direct result of the exhaustion of sulfide in the mantle residue at c. 20–25% partial melting and the inability of Pt to form a stable alloy phase. Major elements preserve evidence for refertilization by a basaltic component that resulted in the formation of secondary clinopyroxene and low-forsterite olivine. The majority of xenoliths show the effects of cryptic metasomatic overprinting, ranging from minor to strong light REE enrichments in bulk-rocks (La/YbN = 0·16–15·9). Metasomatism is heterogeneous, with samples varying from those with weak REE enrichment and notable positive Sr and U–Th anomalies and negative Nb–Ta anomalies in clinopyroxene to those that have extremely high concentrations of REE, Th–U and Nb. Chemical compositions are consistent with a carbonatitic component contributing to the metasomatism of the lithosphere under Zealandia. Notably, the intense metasomatism of the samples did not affect the PGE budget of the peridotites as this was controlled by residual sulfides.

Scientific assessment of the quality of OSIRIS images

Context. OSIRIS, the scientific imaging system onboard the ESA Rosetta spacecraft, has been imaging the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and its dust and gas environment since March 2014. The images serve different scientific goals, from morphology and composition studies of the nucleus surface, to the motion and trajectories of dust grains, the general structure of the dust coma, the morphology and intensity of jets, gas distribution, mass loss, and dust and gas production rates. Aims. We present the calibration of the raw images taken by OSIRIS and address the accuracy that we can expect in our scientific results based on the accuracy of the calibration steps that we have performed. Methods. We describe the pipeline that has been developed to automatically calibrate the OSIRIS images. Through a series of steps, radiometrically calibrated and distortion corrected images are produced and can be used for scientific studies. Calibration campaigns were run on the ground before launch and throughout the years in flight to determine the parameters that are used to calibrate the images and to verify their evolution with time. We describe how these parameters were determined and we address their accuracy. Results. We provide a guideline to the level of trust that can be put into the various studies performed with OSIRIS images, based on the accuracy of the image calibration.

Schiloh, ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Messiaslehre

von dr. Adolf Posnanski

Die biblische und die babylonische Gottesidee : die israelitische Gottesauffassung im Lichte der altorientalischen Religionsgeschichte

von Johannes Hehn

Abraham als Babylonier, Joseph als Ägypter : der weltgeschichtliche Hintergrund der biblischen Vätergeschichten auf Grund der Keilinschriften dargestellt

dargestellt von Hugo Winckler

Israelitische und jüdische Geschichte : Beurteilung der Schrift von J. Wellhausen 1894

von Adolph Zahn. Mit Beilagen: Abriss einer Geschichte des Kanons des Alten Testaments. Das Zeugnis des Jesaias. Eine Kritik. Das Wachstum des Abfalls. Der neue Professor in Tübingen. Die Rechtfertigung von Köhler. Der Luterhbiograph über den Pentateuch

Les prophètes d'Israël

par James Darmesteter

Die Juden und die Hoffnung ihrer baldigen Wiederherstellung, vermittelst des Evangeliums

ein Vortrag gehalten am 12. März 1843 im Museum zu Genf, von Gaussen. Aus dem Französischen [von K. Mann]

Das Alte Testament im Lichte des alten Orients : Handbuch zur biblisch-orientalischen Altertumskunde

von Alfred Jeremias

Die althebräischen Inschriften vom Sinai und ihre historische Bedeutung

von Daniel Völter

Deutschlands Beruf in Ostafrika

von Carl Hager

Die Patriarchen Israels im Licht der aegyptischen mythologie

von Daniel Völter

Mittheilungen über Stanley's Expedition am Congo : Rapport an Seine Majestät den König der Belgier

von Boshart

Ms. lat. oct. 189 - [Sammelband in 2 Teilen: Konvolut aus Handschrift und Altem Druck]

Vorbesitzer: Bibliothek für neuere Sprachen und Musik (Freiherrl. C. v. Rothschild´sche Bibliothek)