Evidence for two endothelin Et(A) receptor subtypes in rabbit arteriolar smooth muscle.

1. Effects of endothelin-1 (Et-1) were studied on membrane currents in choroidal arteriolar smooth muscle by using perforated patch-clamp recordings. 2. Et-1 (10 nM) activated oscillatory Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-)-currents (I(Cl(Ca))) which could not be reversed by washing out. 3. Currents through L-type Ca(2+) channels were resolved in a divalent free medium (I(Ca(L)Na)). Et-1 reduced I(Ca(L)Na) by 75 +/- 7% within 30 s and this effect faded over 5 min, when the depression remained constant. On washing out Et-1, I(Ca(L)Na) almost completely recovered within 10 s. 4. BQ123 (1 microM), a peptide Et(A) receptor blocker, prevented the activation of I(Cl(Ca)), but failed to inhibit I(Cl(Ca)) transients once they had been initiated. In contrast, BQ123 not only prevented but also reversed the inhibition of I(Ca(L)Na) by Et-1. BQ788 (1 microM), an Et(B) receptor antagonist, did not prevent the activation of I(Cl(Ca)) or the inhibition of I(Ca(L)Na) by Et-1. 5. ABT-627 (10 nM), a non-peptide Et(A) receptor antagonist also blocked the activation of I(Cl(Ca)). However, on I(Ca(L)Na), ABT-627 (10 nM) mimicked the action of Et-1 an effect blocked by BQ123 suggesting that ABT-627 acted as an agonist. 6. The data are consistent with choroidal arteriolar smooth muscle cells having two types of Et(A) receptor, one where BQ123 is an antagonist and ABT-627 an agonist, where ligands dissociate freely and this receptor is coupled to inhibition of L-type Ca(2+) channels. In the other, BQ123 and ABT-627 are both antagonists and with Et-1 the receptor converts to a high affinity state producing the classical irreversible activation I(Cl(Ca)).

Observations towards early-type stars in the ESO-POP Survey - II. Searches for intermediate- and high-velocity clouds

We present Ca it K and Ti it optical spectra of early-type stars taken mainly from the ultraviolet and visual echelle spectrograph (LIVES) Paranal Observatory Project, plus H 1 21-cm spectra, from the Vila-Elisa and Leiden-Dwingeloo Surveys, which are employed to obtain distances to intermediate- and high-velocity clouds (IHVCs). H I emission at a velocity of -117 km s(-1) towards the sightline HD 30677 (l, b = 190 degrees.2, -22 degrees.2) with column density -1.7 x 10(19) cm(-2) has no corresponding Ca Pi K absorption in the LIVES spectrum, which has a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 610 per resolution element. The star has a spectroscopically determined distance of 2.7 kpc, and hence sets this as a firm lower distance limit towards Anti-Centre cloud ACII. Towards another sightline (HD 46185 with 1, b = 222 0, -10 degrees.1), H1 at a velocity of +122 km s(-1) and column density of 1.2 x 10(19) cm(-2) is seen. The corresponding Ca Pi K spectrum has a S/N of 780, although no absorption is observed at the cloud velocity. This similarly places a firm lower distance limit of 2.9 kpc towards this parcel of gas that may be an intermediate-velocity (IV) cloud. The lack of IV Ca it absorption towards HD 196426 (1, b = 45 degrees.8, -23 degrees.3) at a S/N of 500 reinforces a lower distance limit of -700 pc towards this part of complex gp, where the H I column density is 1.1 x 1019 cm(-2) and velocity is +78 km s(-1). Additionally, no IV Cart is seen in absorption in the spectrum of HD 19445, which is strong in H I with a column density of 8 x 10(19) cm(-2) at a velocity of - -42 km s(-1), placing a firm although uninteresting lower distance limit of 39 pc to this part of IV South. Finally, no high-velocity Call K absorption is seen towards HD 115363 (l, b = 306.0,-1.0) at a S/N of 410, placing a lower distance of -3.2 kpc towards the HVC gas at velocity of - +224 km s(-1) and WE column density of 5.2 x 10(19) cm(-2). This gas is in the same region of the sky as complex WE (Wakker 2001), but at higher velocities. The non-detection of Ca it K absorption sets a lower distance of -3.2 kpc towards the HVC, which is unsurprising if this feature is indeed related to the Magellanic System.

Ca2+-activated Cl- current in retinal arteriolar smooth muscle.

PURPOSE: To characterize the biophysical, pharmacologic, and functional properties of the Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) current in retinal arteriolar myocytes. METHODS: Whole-cell perforated patch-clamp recordings were made from myocytes within intact isolated arteriolar segments. Arteriolar tone was assessed using pressure myography. RESULTS: Depolarizing of voltage steps to -40 mV and greater activated an L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca(L))) that was followed by a sustained current. Large tail currents (I(tail)) were observed on stepping back to -80 mV. The sustained current and I(tail) reversed close to 0 mV in symmetrical Cl(-) concentrations. The ion selectivity sequence for I(tail) was I(-)> Cl(-)> glucuronate. Outward I(tail) was sensitive to the Cl(-) channel blockers 9-anthracene-carboxylic acid (9-AC; 1 mM), 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS; 1 mM), and disodium 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DIDS; 1 mM), but only DIDS produced a substantial (78%) block of inward tail currents at -100 mV. I(tail) was decreased in magnitude when the normal bathing medium was substituted with Ca(2+)-free solution or if I(Ca(L)) was inhibited by 1 microM nimodipine. Caffeine (10 mM) produced large transient currents that reversed close to the Cl(-) equilibrium potential and were blocked by 1 mM DIDS or 100 microM tetracaine. DIDS had no effect on basal vascular tone in pressurized arterioles but dramatically reduced the level of vasoconstriction observed in the presence of 10 nM endothelin-1. CONCLUSIONS: Retinal arteriolar myocytes have I(Cl(Ca)), which may be activated by Ca(2+) entry through L-type Ca(2+) channels or Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores. This current appears to contribute to agonist-induced retinal vasoconstriction.

WASP-41b: A Transiting Hot Jupiter Planet Orbiting a Magnetically Active G8V Star

We report the discovery of a transiting planet with an orbital period of 3.05 days orbiting the star TYC 7247-587-1. The star, WASP-41, is a moderately bright G8 V star (V=11.6) with a metallicity close to solar ([Fe/H]=-0.08±0.09). The star shows evidence of moderate chromospheric activity, both from emission in the cores of the Ca ii H and K ines and photometric variability with a period of 18.4 days and an amplitude of about 1%. We use a new method to show quantitatively that this periodic signal has a low false-alarm probability. The rotation period of the star implies a gyrochronological age for WASP-41 of 1.8 Gyr with an error of about 15%. We have used a combined analysis of the available photometric and spectroscopic data to derive the mass and radius of the planet (0.92±0.06 M, 1.20±0.06 R). Further observations of WASP-41 can be used to explore the connections between the properties of hot Jupiter planets and the level of chromospheric activity in their host stars.

Comparative capacitative calcium entry mechanisms in canine pulmonary and renal arterial smooth muscle cells.

Experiments were performed to determine whether capacitative Ca(2+) entry (CCE) can be activated in canine pulmonary and renal arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) and whether activation of CCE parallels the different functional structure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in these two cell types. The cytosolic [Ca(2+)] was measured by imaging fura-2-loaded individual cells. Increases in the cytosolic [Ca(2+)] due to store depletion in pulmonary ASMCs required simultaneous depletion of both the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3))- and ryanodine (RY)-sensitive SR Ca(2+) stores. In contrast, the cytosolic [Ca(2+)] rises in renal ASMCs occurred when the SR stores were depleted through either the InsP(3) or RY pathways. The increase in the cytosolic [Ca(2+)] due to store depletion in both pulmonary and renal ASMCs was present in cells that were voltage clamped and was abolished when cells were perfused with a Ca(2+)-free bathing solution. Rapid quenching of the fura-2 signal by 100 microM Mn(2+) following SR store depletion indicated that extracellular Ca(2+) entry increased in both cell types and also verified that activation of CCE in pulmonary ASMCs required the simultaneous depletion of the InsP(3)- and RY-sensitive SR Ca(2+) stores, while CCE could be activated in renal ASMCs by the depletion of either of the InsP(3)- or RY-sensitive SR stores. Store depletion Ca(2+) entry in both pulmonary and renal ASMCs was strongly inhibited by Ni(2+) (0.1-10 mM), slightly inhibited by Cd(2+) (200-500 microM), but was not significantly affected by the voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel (VGCC) blocker nisoldipine (10 microM). The non-selective cation channel blocker Gd(3+) (100 microM) inhibited a portion of the Ca(2+) entry in 6 of 18 renal but not pulmonary ASMCs. These results provide evidence that SR Ca(2+) store depletion activates CCE in parallel with the organization of intracellular Ca(2+) stores in canine pulmonary and renal ASMCs.

Stable umbral chromospheric structures

Aims. We seek to understand the morphology of the chromosphere in sunspot umbra. We investigate if the horizontal structures observed in the spectral core of the Ca ii H line are ephemeral visuals caused by the shock dynamics of more stable structures, and examine their relationship with observables in the H-alpha line. Methods. Filtergrams in the core of the Ca ii H and H-alpha lines as observed with the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope are employed. We utilise a technique that creates composite images and tracks the flash propagation horizontally. Results. We find 0. 15 wide horizontal structures, in all of the three target sunspots, for every flash where the seeing is moderate to good. Discrete dark structures are identified that are stable for at least two umbral flashes, as well as systems of structures that live for up to 24 min. We find cases of extremely extended structures with similar stability, with one such structure showing an extent of 5. Some of these structures have a correspondence in H-alpha, but we were unable to find a one-to-one correspondence for every occurrence. If the dark streaks are formed at the same heights as umbral flashes, there are systems of structures with strong departures from the vertical for all three analysed sunspots. Conclusions. Long-lived Ca ii H filamentary horizontal structures are a common and likely ever-present feature in the umbra of sunspots. If the magnetic field in the chromosphere of the umbra

Suspension plasma sprayed coatings using dilute hydrothermally produced titania feedstocks for photocatalytic applications

Titanium dioxide coatings have potential applications including photocatalysts for solar assisted hydrogen production, solar water disinfection and self-cleaning windows. Herein, we report the use of suspension plasma spraying (SPS) for the deposition of conformal titanium dioxide coatings. The process utilises a nanoparticle slurry of TiO2 (ca. 6 and 12 nm respectively) in water, which is fed into a high temperature plasma jet (ca. 7000-20 000 K). This facilitated the deposition of adherent coatings of nanostructured titanium dioxide with predominantly anatase crystal structure. In this study, suspensions of nano-titanium dioxide, made via continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS), were used directly as a feedstock for the SPS process. Coatings were produced by varying the feedstock crystallite size, spray distance and plasma conditions. The coatings produced exhibited ca. 90-100% anatase phase content with the remainder being rutile (demonstrated by XRD). Phase distribution was homogenous throughout the coatings as determined by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The coatings had a granular surface, with a high specific surface area and consisted of densely packed agglomerates interspersed with some melted material. All of the coatings were shown to be photoactive by means of a sacrificial hydrogen evolution test under UV radiation and compared favourably with reported values for CVD coatings and compressed discs of P25.

Contratos de autonomia nas escolas públicas : um estudo de caso múltiplo em duas organizações educativas portuguesas

A autonomia para as escolas públicas do Ensino Básico e Secundário em Portugal, prevista desde 1989, tem sido sistematicamente adiada enquanto a retórica do discurso político a vai alimentando, sem contudo, proceder à sua implementação. Em 2007, a coberto do DL n.º 115-A/98, de 4 de maio, avançou-se para a assinatura de 22 contratos de autonomia (CA) com escolas e agrupamentos pelo que, este trabalho de investigação se propõe avaliar alguns dos efeitos e resultados desta medida de política educativa. Este estudo no âmbito do doutoramento em Didática e Formação – Ramo Avaliação, comporta uma primeira avaliação exploratória ao desenvolvimento dos 22 CA a que se segue uma avaliação ao desenvolvimento do CA numa escola secundária e num agrupamento de escolas, numa abordagem de caso duplo. Neste projeto de investigação, construímos um dispositivo de avaliação com o qual procuramos identificar evidências dos efeitos da autonomia contratualizada. Na fase exploratória, analisando CA e as respostas a questionário enviado aos diretores com CA, efetuamos uma aproximação global à problemática. Na segunda fase, efetuamos entrevistas a dirigentes intermédios e de topo de uma Escola Secundária e de um Agrupamento de Escolas com CA e analisamos documentos. Com o referencial construído estabelecemos categorias de análise obtendo resultados que nos permitem compreender alguns efeitos da assinatura do CA ao nível das Organizações participantes. Os resultados obtidos indicam, o cumprimento dos objetivos da contratualização gerando-se novas dinâmicas. São notórias as diferenças no cumprimento de critérios, daí que a sustentabilidade da autonomia se perspetive diferente para cada Organização face a diferentes pontos de partida. Pode afirmar-se, face aos resultados, que os efeitos da contratualização são positivos e que esta contribuiu para a melhoria da qualidade na prestação do serviço público de educação. Contudo, existem debilidades no que diz respeito à intervenção dos parceiros educativos e a mecanismos de avaliação para que deixamos sugestões de melhoria no âmbito da continuação da autonomia contratualizada. Para futura investigação deixamos também sugestão de estudo de eventuais aprofundamentos da autonomia bem como da sua sustentabilidade.

Implementação da Equipa de Emergência Médica Intra-hospitalar nos hospitais do Serviço Nacional de Saúde : análise de custo-efetividade perante a incidência da paragem cárdio-respiratória intra-hospitalar

RESUMO - Introdução: No âmbito das emergências intra-hospitalares investigou-se a hipótese da presença da Equipa Emergência Médica Intra-hospitalar (EEMI) (DGS, 2010) num Centro Hospitalar (CH), contribuir para a redução do número de mortos por Paragem Cárdiorespiratória (PCR) intra-hospitalar, quando comparado com outro CH dotado de uma equipa tradicional de resposta à PCR. Metodologia: Tratou-se de um estudo observacional, retrospetivo (2010 a 2014), com base nos dados do Grupo de Diagnóstico Homogéneo (GDH), analisado numa perspetiva de custo-efetividade no impacto sobre incidência de PCR e taxa de mortalidade. Resultados: Observou-se que o CH com EEMI apresentou uma Redução Risco Absoluto (RRA) de 9,01% de morte por PCR. A taxa de mortalidade calculada foi de 2,82 casos por 1000 episódios de internamento em que a incidência de PCR foi de 28,24 casos por cada 10 000 habitantes, duas vezes menor que CH em comparação. Quando introduzidas manobras de Ressuscitação Cárdiopulmonar (RCP), o mesmo CH teve um maior número de PCR revertidas, com uma taxa de mortalidade 2 vezes menor que o CH sem EEMI. Conclusão: Resultados demonstraram que os dois CH apresentaram riscos diferentes, em que a probabilidade do doente hospitalizado de morrer após ocorrência de PCR foi menor no grupo exposto à EEMI, com OR = 0,496 [IC 95% (0,372 a 0,662)] para dados populacionais (p = 0,0013), e OR = 0,618 [IC 95% (0,298 a 1,281)] para dados individuais, (p = 0,194). Face a melhores resultados em Saúde, considerou-se a implementação da EEMI, uma medida custo-efetiva, uma vez que o principal requisito traduz-se por reorganização das equipas tradicionais para uma vertente de prevenção da PCR.

Outcome and Experience from the Swiss Mammography Screening Pilot Programmes

BACKGROUND:The Swiss breast cancer screening pilot programme was conducted in 3 districts of theFrench-speaking canton of Vaud (ca. 300,000 resident women) between October 1993 and January 1999.Women aged 50 to 69 were invited by mail every 2 years for a free of charge screening mammography (doubleview, multiple reading). This first ever-organised cancer screening programme in Switzerland showed thefeasibility and acceptability of this kind of public health intervention in the liberal Swiss healthcare system, whichwas the main objective of the pilot programme. This mammographic screening programme was extended to thewhole canton in 1999, and contributed to the implementation of similar programmes in 2 neighbouring cantons. OBJECTIVE:To appraise the use, the quality and the effectiveness of the Swiss screening pilot programme. METHODS:About 15,000 women (aged 50-69) were enrolled. Logistic regression analyses were performedseparately to identify determinants of initial and subsequent attendance. Standard indicators of quality,effectiveness and impact of the programme were assessed and compared with European recommendations. Tothis intent, linkage with data from the Vaud Cancer Registry was performed. RESULTS:About half the target population was screened at least once during the pilot trial. Participation washigher among Swiss than foreigners, among widowed or married women than among single, divorced or separatedones. Attendance also increased with age and decreasing distance between residence and the dedicatedscreening centre. Apart from Swiss citizenship, socio-demographic factors were not associated with reattendance.Intensity of prior recruitment, outcome of previous screening test (positive vs. negative) and indicators of women'shealth behaviour (time of last mammography prior to initial screen, smoking status) were the main determinants ofreattendance. Programme performance and quality indicators were, overall, in line with European Guidelines. Theywere overall more favourable among 60-69 than 50-59 year-olds and improved over time. CONCLUSION:The objectives of the pilot programme were met. Even if participation should increase in order toreach European standards, performance indicators overall met quality requirements. Ways to improve screeninguse, quality and effectiveness were devised and taken into account for the generalisation of the programme.

Intercellular calcium waves in primary cultured rat mesenteric smooth muscle cells are mediated by connexin43.

Intercellular Ca(2+) wave propagation between vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is associated with the propagation of contraction along the vessel. Here, we characterize the involvement of gap junctions (GJs) in Ca(2+) wave propagation between SMCs at the cellular level. Gap junctional communication was assessed by the propagation of intercellular Ca(2+) waves and the transfer of Lucifer Yellow in A7r5 cells, primary rat mesenteric SMCs (pSMCs), and 6B5N cells, a clone of A7r5 cells expressing higher connexin43 (Cx43) to Cx40 ratio. Mechanical stimulation induced an intracellular Ca(2+) wave in pSMC and 6B5N cells that propagated to neighboring cells, whereas Ca(2+) waves in A7r5 cells failed to progress to neighboring cells. We demonstrate that Cx43 forms the functional GJs that are involved in mediating intercellular Ca(2+) waves and that co-expression of Cx40 with Cx43, depending on their expression ratio, may interfere with Cx43 GJ formation, thus altering junctional communication.

Mélanges. — Extraits de cartulaires.

Contient : Extrait du testament d'Étienne, comte de Montbéliard ; Charte de Louis, comte de Ferrette, pour l'abbaye de Pairis ; Couronnement de Charles le Chauve à Metz (869), etc ; Donation faite par Louis de Luxembourg, comte de Saint-Pol, à Antoine Villiers de l'Isle-Adam ; Mandement de Louis XI à Jacques Villiers de l'Isle-Adam de prendre possession de la ville de Paris ; Extraits du cartulaire de Brioude ; Charte du vicomte Néel pour l'abbaye de Jumièges ; Historia Selebiensis, Eboracensis dioceseos (cf. Labbe, Bibl. Nova, I, p. 594) ; Extraits d'un obituaire de l'église du Mans ; Donation de Louis, duc de Bourbon, à la même église ; Extraits du cartulaire de Saint-Aubin d'Angers ; Généalogie des fondateurs de l'abbaye de Jouarre, d'après un martyrologe ; Notice sur les origines de Ferrières en Gâtinais ; Liste des bulles pontificales de Fontevrault ; Chartes de Vernon ; Charte de Robert, duc de Normandie, pour le monastère de Montivilliers ; Extraits de l'obituaire d'Hérivaux ; Tableau des filiales de Clairvaux ; Extraits du cartulaire d'Auberive, au diocèse de Langres ; Extraits du cartulaire de Longuay ; Extraits du cartulaire de Montiérender ; Extraits du cartulaire de l'Isle-en-Barrois ; Extraits du cartulaire de Beaulieu en Limousin ; Extraits d'un cartulaire de l'évêché de Langres ; Extraits d'un cartulaire de l'église d'Angers ; Extraits d'un cartulaire de Royaumont ; Extraits d'un registre de Saint-Merri de Paris ; Chartes d'Angers ; Extraits de l'inventaire des titres de Notre-Dame-des-Clairets ; Accord entre Robert, comte de Dreux, et l'évêque de Paris (1209 ; — il y en a une autre copie au fol. 150) ; Extraits du cartulaire de la forêt de Halatte ; Chartes de Vierzon ; Extraits du cartulaire de Massay ; Généalogie des seigneurs de Vierzon ; Diplôme de Louis d'Outre-Mer pour Saint-Merri ; Extraits des cartulaires de l'évêché de Paris ; Chartes de Grammont ; Extraits du cartulaire de Maubuisson ; Extraits de l'obituaire de Sainte-Croix d'Orléans ; Extraits du cartulaire de la chapelle de Saint-Lazare de Blois ; Extraits du cartulaire de Notre-Dame du Bourg-Moyen de Blois. [Ms. Vatic. Ottoboni 2960] ; Extrait des titres de l'abbaye de l'Étoile (de Poitiers) ; Chartes de La Merci-Dieu ; Extraits du cartulaire de Saint-Martin-des-Champs concernant les seigneurs du Puiset ; Extraits d'un cartulaire de Saint-Père de Chartres ; Extraits d'un martyrologe de l'église de Chartres ; Extraits des cartulaires de Saint-Père ; Lettre de Manassès, archevêque de Reims, à Hugues de Die ; Extrait d'un obituaire de Saint-Barthélemi de Béthune ; Charte de Baudouin V, comte de Flandre, pour l'abbaye de Marchiennes ; Échange entre l'abbaye de Saint-Vaast d'Arras et Robert, comte de Flandre ; Charte de Philippe I pour l'église Saint-Pierre d'Aire ; Charte de Hugues, châtelain de Cambrai, pour l'abbaye du Mont-Saint-Éloi ; Charte d'Enguerrand, comte de Saint-Pol, pour l'abbaye de Marchiennes ; Charte de Thierri, comte de Flandre, pour Enguerrand, comte de Saint-Pol ; Chartes d'Eaucourt en Artois ; Charte de Jean, êvêque de Thérouanne, pour l'église Saint-Pierre de Lille ; Note sur le mariage d'Isabeau de Barbazan ; Inventaire de reliques, extrait d'un processionnaire de l'église de Soissons ; Extrait d'un cartulaire du prieuré de Donchery ; Catalogue des abbés de Montiéramey ; Catalogue des abbesses de Notre-Dame-du-Lys ; Charte de Brunon, abbé de Montiéramey ; Extraits du cartulaire d'Uzerche ; Extraits de chartes de la Couture du Mans ; Extraits du cartulaire de Bonlieu en Limousin ; Notes sur la maison de Mercoeur ; Extraits d'un martyrologe de Saint-Séverin de Paris ; Extraits du cartulaire de Vendôme ; Extraits du cartulaire de Saint-Pierre de Beauvais ; Extraits du cartulaire de Saint-Rémi de Reims ; Catalogue des abbés de la Chaise-Dieu ; Extraits du cartulaire de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan ; Extraits de la chronique de Saint-Mihiel de Verdun ; Serment prêté par l'hérésiarque Bérenger ; Extraits d'obituaires du Mont-Saint-Michel ; Extraits des titres de Saint-Ulface ; Extraits du cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans ; Extraits du cartulaire de Nogent-le-Rotrou ; Extrait du cartulaire de Pont-aux-Dames (de Meaux) ; Chartes du prieuré de Lavardin ; Extraits d'un cartulaire de Saint-Vincent de Laon ; Extraits du cartulaire rouge de l'église de Laon ; Chartes de Saint-Quentin près Beauvais ; Extraits du cartulaire de Vierzon ; Extraits du cartulaire de Beaulieu ; Notes sur les chartes de Subiaco ; Extraits du cartulaire de Saint-Thierry de Reims ; Extraits d'un martyrologe de Saint-Avold ; Chartes de Saint-Martin d'Épernay ; Chartes de Saint-Vincent-au-Bois ; Extraits du cartulaire de Tiron ; Extraits des archives de Saint-Bavon de Gand ; Extraits du cartulaire de Marchiennes ; Extraits des archives de Saint-Pierre de Gand ; Charte de Robert, comte de Flandre, pour l'église de Tronchiennes ; Charte de Baudouin, comte de Flandre, pour l'abbaye d'Einham ; Extraits des archives de l'évêché de Gand ; Extraits de cartulaires de Saint-Bavon ; Extraits des cartulaires et registres de Fontevrault ; Extraits des titres de Beaugerais ; Chartes de Villeloin ; Extraits d'un cartulaire de l'église d'Amiens ; Extraits du cartulaire de Clairmarais ; Titres de Saint-Bertin ; Charte de Baudouin, comte de Flandre, pour l'abbaye de Marchiennes

A hypothesis for the geochemical anomaly in the North Creek Watershed /

A regional geochemical reconnaissance by bottom stream sediment sampling, has delineated an area of high metal content in the north central sector of the North Creek Watershed. Development of a geochemical model, relating to the relative chemical concentrations derived from the chemical analyses of bottom sediments, suspended sediments, stream waters and well waters collected from the north central sector, was designed to discover the source of the anomaly. Samples of each type of material were analysed by the A.R.L. Direct Reading Multi-element Emission Spectrograph Q.A. 137 for elements: Na, K, Ca, Sr, Si, As, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Ti, Ag, Mo, Be, Fe, AI, Mn, Cu, Cr, P and Y. Anomalous results led to the discovery of a spring, the waters of which carried high concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Ti, Ag, Sr and Si. In addition, the spring waters had high concentrations of Na, Ca, Mg, 504 , alkalinity, N03' and low concentrations of K, Cl and NH3. Increased specific conductivity (up to 2500 ~mho/cm.) was noted in the spring waters as well as increased calculated total dissolved solids (up to 2047 mg/l) and increased ionic strength (up to 0.06). On the other hand, decreases were noted in water temperature (8°C), pH (pH 7.2) and Eh (+.154 volts). Piezometer nests were installed in the anomalous north central sector of the watershed. In accordance with the slope of the piezometric surface from wells cased down to the till/bedrock interface, groundwater flow is directed from the recharge area (northwest of the anomaly) towards the artesian spring via the highly fractured dolostone aquifer of the Upper Eramosa Member. The bedrock aquifer is confined by the overlying Halton till and the underlying Lower Eramosa Member (Vinemount Shale). The oxidation of sphalerite and galena and the dissolution of gypsum, celestite, calcite, and dolomite within the Eramosa Member, contributed its highly, dissolved constituents to the circulating groundwaters, the age of which is greater than 20 years as determined by tritium dating. Groundwater is assumed to flow along the Vinemount Shale and discharge as an artesian spring where the shale unit becomes discontinuous. The anomaly is located on a topographic low where bedrock is close to the surface. Thermodynamic evaluation of the major ion speciation from the anomalous spring and surface waters, showed gypsum to be supersaturated in these spring waters. Downstream from the spring, the loss of carbon dioxide from the spring waters resulted in the supersaturation with respect to calcite, aragonite, magnesite and dolomite. This corresponded with increases in Eh (+.304 volts) and pH (pH 8.5) in the anomalous surface waters. In conclusion, the interaction of groundwaters within the highly, mineralized carbonate source (Eramosa Member) resulted in the characteristic Ca*Mg*HC03*S04 spring water at the anomalous site, which appeared to be the principle effect upon controlling the anomalous surface water chemistry.

Thomas Millard - Captain's Appointment 1814

Document appointing Thomas Millard, Esquire to as "Captain of a Troop in the North Somerset Regiment Cavalry". The appointment is signed and declared "By the Right Honourable John Earl Poulett, Viscount, and Baron of Hinton Saint George of the most Ancient Order of the Thistle and Lord Lieutenant of the County of Somerset". Dated 1814

Photograph - Baie Comeau, Last Railway Spike

A photograph of the "last spike in the Baie Comeau railway. Photo shows, left to right; A.I.Cunningham, managing engineer of the Ontario Paper Company driving the spike: V.G. Younghusband, vice president of the Foundation Company of Canada; R.W. Shaver, construction manager for the paper company; K.W. Bash, general superintendent, Foundation Company; and His Lordship the Bishop of Quebec.