Warning to navigators: IPCC report on climate change mitigation

6 p.

Aviso a navegantes: informe del IPCC sobre mitigación del cambio climático

6 p.

Begiak erne: klima aldaketa arintzeari buruzko IPCC-ren txostena

6 p.

Linking Reduced Deforestation and a Global Carbon Market: Impacts on Costs, Financial Flows, and Technological Innovation

25 p.

The Costs of Ecosystem Adaptation: Methodology and Estimates for Indian Forests

34 p.

Optimal Investment in Energy Efficiency under Uncertainty

41 p.

The Private Provision of International Impure Public Goods: the Case of Climate Policy

33 p.

The Equivalency Principle for Discounting the Value of Natural Assets: An Application to an Investment Project in the Basque Coast

25 p.

Effects of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage in Germany on European Electricity Exchange and Welfare

28 p.

Evaluation of Two Alternative Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies: A Stochastic Model

30 p.

Fundamentos da exploração de petróleo e gás natural e análise geoeconômica da matriz energética brasileira atual e projeções futuras

A análise da matriz energética mundial, assim como a brasileira, nos mostra que o gás natural representará em breve um importante insumo energético favorecendo a balança de pagamentos nacional, visto que o gás poderá ser usado tanto para consumo interno, quanto para exportação. O aumento das reservas nacionais de hidrocarbonetos se deve ao desenvolvimento de tecnologias, que favoreceram o conhecimento das bacias brasileiras quanto ao seu potencial produtor de combustíveis fósseis, permitindo a descoberta de novas jazidas. O amadurecimento do mercado nacional quanto ao consumo de gás natural passa pela construção de uma infraestrutura robusta, eficiente e que possibilite a captação, o armazenamento e distribuição do mesmo. O Brasil tem todos os requisitos necessários para adentrar ao seleto grupo de países exportadores de hidrocarbonetos, a descoberta do Pré-sal tende a incrementar a importância do gás natural para o país. Ao final do trabalho são descritos cenários futuros (quanto o consumo de energéticos), onde se vê que o consumo de energia para os próximos anos crescerá a taxas superiores as das duas últimas décadas. Análise destes cenários permite antecipar o interesse de futuros investimentos no desenvolvimento do conhecimento geológico para áreas promissoras.

Optimal procurement and contracting with research and development

Government procurement of a new good or service is a process that usually includes basic research, development, and production. Empirical evidences indicate that investments in research and development (R and D) before production are significant in many defense procurements. Thus, optimal procurement policy should not be only to select the most efficient producer, but also to induce the contractors to design the best product and to develop the best technology. It is difficult to apply the current economic theory of optimal procurement and contracting, which has emphasized production, but ignored R and D, to many cases of procurement.

In this thesis, I provide basic models of both R and D and production in the procurement process where a number of firms invest in private R and D and compete for a government contract. R and D is modeled as a stochastic cost-reduction process. The government is considered both as a profit-maximizer and a procurement cost minimizer. In comparison to the literature, the following results derived from my models are significant. First, R and D matters in procurement contracting. When offering the optimal contract the government will be better off if it correctly takes into account costly private R and D investment. Second, competition matters. The optimal contract and the total equilibrium R and D expenditures vary with the number of firms. The government usually does not prefer infinite competition among firms. Instead, it prefers free entry of firms. Third, under a R and D technology with the constant marginal returns-to-scale, it is socially optimal to have only one firm to conduct all of the R and D and production. Fourth, in an independent private values environment with risk-neutral firms, an informed government should select one of four standard auction procedures with an appropriate announced reserve price, acting as if it does not have any private information.

Financial Futures Markets and Their Impact on the Real Economy in Middle and Low Income Countries

This project analyses the influence of the futures market on middle and low income countries. In it, I attempt to show that investments made by large investment funds in this market, as well as by certain pension plans, bring major consequences whose effects are more evident in less developed countries. The cornerstones of the work are as follows; to attempt to see the existing relationship between the commodity futures market and its underlying assets; analysing products such as wheat, rice and corn in-depth, because these are the most basic foodstuffs at a global level; to determine how an increase in trading in these markets can affect the lives of people in the poorest countries; to analyse investor concern regarding the consequences that their investments may have. Throughout the project we will see how large speculators use production forecasting models to determine the shortage of a commodity in order to take a position in the futures market to profit from it. In addition we will see how an increase in trading in this market causes an increase in the price of the underlying asset in the spot market. As for investor concern, I can say it is negligible, but the idea of running pension plans or investment funds that follow some social criteria has been welcomed by those interviewed, which makes me think that different legislation is possible. This legislation will only come into existence if it is demanded by the people. A fact that now becomes complicated because without a minimum financial basis, they cannot even know how the large investment funds trade with hunger in the world. The day when most people understand how large speculators profit from famine will be the day to put pressure on governments to begin to put limits on speculation. This makes financial awareness necessary in order to achieve a curb in excessive speculation.

The family of chironomids or midges - Chironomidae. Keys to larvae and pupae [Translation from: Guide to the freshwater invertebrates of the European area of the USSR (Plankton and benthos) (ed. L. A. Kutikova and Ya. I. Starobogatov), p.371-431. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 1977]

The translation of this section of the larger publication ”Opredelitel' presnovodnykh bespozvonochnykh evropeiskoi chasti SSSR. (Plankton i bentos)” provides identification keys to the larvae and pupae of chironomids that occur in the Soviet Union. The morphology of the larvae of Chironomidae is described in the introductory part.

Projeto Expande com balanço de uma experiência de programação a partir das necessidades.

O estudo que se segue é uma proposta de reflexão sobre a programação de saúde para a população usuária do SUS, em especial a assistência oncológica, as sucessivas estratégias político-administrativas e medidas de soluções a serem ofertadas à população portadora de câncer. Percebe-se o desequilíbrio entre a operacionalidade real e a operacionalidade suposta ideal, para dar conta dos casos novos de câncer (CNC)/ano, a atenção à saúde concentrada nos grandes centros urbanos, reflexo de um estímulo a investimentos em saúde direcionados aos centros urbanos, localidades de maior crescimento econômico e social. Objetivando o balanço de uma experiência de programação a partir das necessidades, tomamos como norte o Projeto Expande, para a análise da real assistência em oncologia no país, que se traduz no conjunto: oferta de serviço necessidade de tratamento específico para a população demanda, identificando déficit e necessidade. Nesse sentido, com base na programação e nas informações de produtividade SUS/Brasil, disponíveis no INCA , optamos por acompanhar os dados referentes ao ano 2008, quantificados e analisados, tendo como ponto de partida a estimativa de CNC/ano 2008, parâmetros assistenciais estimativa de necessidade máxima). Este estudo, com esse modelo, objetivou levantar subsídios que supostamente contribuam para o aprimoramento da Política de Atenção ao Câncer, em especial uma Política de Expansão Oncológica para o país.