Atividade física e outros fatores associados à função sexual em mulheres de meia idade

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os fatores associados à disfunção sexual em mulheres de meia idade. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo transversal, que compreendeu 370 mulheres, entre 40 a 65 anos, atendidas nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde de cada distrito sanitário (Norte, Sul, Leste e Oeste) da cidade de Natal, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Para avaliar a função sexual utilizou-se o Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). A sintomatologia climatérica foi avaliada por meio do Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). O Índice de Blatt-Kupperman (IMBK) foi utilizado para avaliação quantitativa global da ocorrência de sintomas/queixas. A atividade física foi avaliada pelo questionário International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ (versão curta). A avaliação da qualidade de vida geral se deu pelo WHOQOL-Bref. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o programa estatístico MINITAB version16. Além de análises descritivas das variáveis categorizadas, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Person com o intuito de verificar possíveis associações entre as variáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais, clínicas, níveis de atividade física, sintomatologia climatérica, qualidade de vida e a função sexual das mulheres estudadas. Desenvolveu-se a regressão logística para verificar a influência dessas variáveis sobre a disfunção sexual. Considerou-se o nível de significância de 5% para todos os testes. Os resultados mostraram que a média de idade das mulheres estudadas foi de 49,8 (±8,1) anos. Do total dessas mulheres, 67% apresentaram disfunção sexual. Observou-se que 54,5% delas se encontravam na pré-menopausa. Avaliando a influência das variáveis sobre a função sexual; faixa etária (56-65) (p<0,001), estado civil (divorciada/separada) (p < 0,001), escolaridade (baixa) (p=0,017), menopausa (p < 0,001), histerectomia (p = 0,016), nível de atividade física (sedentária) (p=0,002), sintomas do climatério (forte) (p<0,001) e qualidade de vida (baixa) (p<0,001), estiveram associados à disfunção sexual em mulheres de meia idade. Concluiu-se neste estudo que fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos, comportamentais, níveis de atividade física, sintomatologia climatérica e qualidade de vida influenciam significativamente a função sexual na mulher de meia idade

Sex group composition, social interaction, and metabolism in the fish Nile tilapia

O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar se grupos monossexuais de machos gastam mais energia e exibem perfil agonístico diferente de grupos formados por um macho e uma fêmea na tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Tais diferenças são esperadas, pois machos e fêmeas competem por diferentes recursos reprodutivos. Foram utilizadas duplas de machos (MM) e duplas de macho-fêmea (MF) que permaneceram pareadas por 40 minutos. Durante esse período foi feito o registro da interação agonística (10 minutos iniciais e 10 minutos finais do pareamento) e determinado o gasto energético (consumo de O2) pelo Método de Winckler. A latência para o início dos confrontos (média ± DP, MM = 27,40 ± 25,15 s; MF = 14,22 ± 21,19 s; Mann-Whitney, U = 33,50, P = 0,21) e a freqüência de todas as unidades comportamentais (média ± DP, MM < 72,30 ± 25,29; MF < 73,50 ± 21,65.10/min; Mann-Whitney, P > 0,10) foram semelhantes entre os grupos MM e MF nos 10 minutos iniciais. Isso indica que cada intruso foi considerado um potencial competidor no início da interação. No entanto, a freqüência de ondulação (interação também exibida durante a corte) foi maior para o residente do grupo MF nos 10 minutos finais (média ± DP, MM = 3,56 ± 5,89; MF = 8,56 ± 4,00.10/min; Mann-Whitney, U = 15,50, P = 0,01). A freqüência de fuga, entretanto, foi menor para o intruso do mesmo grupo (média ± DP, MM = 3,90 ± 4,33; MF = 0,44 ± 0,96.10/min; Mann-Whitney, U = 23,50, P = 0,04). Além disso, o perfil agonístico no grupo MM foi composto por um maior número de itens comportamentais do que o MF (para residentes e intrusos). Apesar das diferenças comportamentais, o consumo de O2 não foi afetado pela composição sexual do grupo (média ± DP, MM = 1,93 ± 0,54; MF = 1,77 ± 0,46 mgO2.g peso seco-1.40/min; t-teste de Student, t = 0,71, P = 0,49).

Tempo livre de lazer e composição corporal de escolares do meio-oeste catarinense

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between free time for leisure and body composition of students in the crucial ninth year. (N = 228) of towns in the Midwest catarinense. We used the Adolescent Behavior Questionnaire of Santa Catarina (COMPAC) to assess lifestyle, considering that Active schoolchildren during the week, accumulated 300 or more minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Were used the time to 2 hours or more / day to determine the time of excessive use of TV and computer video game. To analyze body composition were used two criteria: the Body Mass Index (BMI) and sum of skinfolds (EDC). It was observed a proportion of 67.3% of girls and 68.7% of boys assets and more than 98% of students were using excessive TV time, computer and video game. In the classification by EDC, most of the boys showed great or low levels of body composition, while more than half of girls were classified at higher levels. As for BMI, most boys and girls had not overweight. Significant difference in the comparison of total minutes per week of MVPA reported between the groups, the second criterion of EDC and BMI for girls but not for BMI in boys. It is concluded that students with higher accumulation in minutes of MVPA showed better body composition indicators, but no significant difference was found when compared active groups with inactive, according to criteria used.

Redes sociais e a lógica do desvio comportamental em relação às normas de trabalho

This paper aim to check a hypothesis that assumes several behaviors related to social work norm´s obeying as a phenomenon that can be explained by actor´s social network structure and the rational choice processes related to the social norm inside that network, principally the payoff´s analysis received by the closest actors, or neighbors, at a social situation. Taking the sociological paradigm of rational action theory as a basis, the focus is on a debate about the logic of social norms, from Émile Durkheim´s method to Jon Elster´s theory, but also including social network analysis´s variables according to Robert Hanneman; and also Vilfredo Pareto´s constants related to human sociability, at the aim to detect elements that can help the scholars to develop an agent based model which could explain the sociological problem of deviance by a better way than the common sense´s view about morality and ethics at a social work environment

A política de humanização e a estratégia saúde da família: visões e vivências

This study approaches the topic of humanization in health that involves the set of policies implemented by the Ministry of Health in Brazil. Its aims are directed towards a reflection on the guiding theoretical and organizing axes of the National Humanization Policy (NHP) and their repercussions on municipal health policy of Natal, Brazil; an analysis of the results of the policy at the local level; knowledge of the views and experiences of the humanization agents in the daily work process and identification of the main challenges of the policy. The empirical field of investigation was the Family Health Strategy (FHS) of the city of Natal. The assumption of the study is that the FHS has produced local experiences with potentialities that must not be wasted, in which there are difficulties and discrepancies between the real and proposed model. The contradictions and challenges in the social and political context of Brazil in the early XXI century and their consequences in the field of health reflect anti-utilitarian aspects anchored strongly in the theoretical concepts of Boaventura de Sousa Santos about the sociology of privations and emergencies as well as of the work of translating. The predominantly qualitative approach collects some complementary quantitative data. The study procedures used were the following: bibliographic research; documental research; interviews; and direct observation. Interpretation of the information obtained was based on documental analysis and on the symbolic cartography of the social representations. Cartographic evidence suggests that practices still take place under dehumanizing conditions that compromise the quality of care given. However, there is a movement aimed at changing the work process that has been strengthening the link and widening the measures developed, incorporating new directions in diversity, integrality and solidarity. The map drawn shows a reality manifested by explicit intentions in a political agenda, by concrete solutions marked by an assortment of difficulties and expressed in the words of the agents and by latent clues identified in successful local experiences, posing many challenges for the consolidation of the proposed changes

Efeitos comportamental, clínico e analgésico promovidos pela injeção epidural preventiva de morfina, xilazina ou clonidina, em equinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Entre o pavilhão e o inferno: trajetória dos meninos infratores no CEDUC Pitimbu

Cet étude est une recherche sur les significations imaginaires de la violence pratiquée par des jeunes délinquants ou à laquelle ils sont soumis, dans la condition de confinés chez le Centre Éducationnel CEDUC/PITIMBU, lieu où l investigation a été faite. Dans la mésure où le sujet de la violence se présente plein de manifestations, nous proposons ici une réflexion sur l imaginaire de la production théorique sur la question et en même temps nous nous proposons identifier jusqu à quel point les diverses visions scientifiques établient un savoir qui finit par limiter une conception plus complexe et profonde des réseaux de la violence. Le parcours théorique et méthodologique realisé nous a permis concluire que certaines interventions finissent par renforcer des situations limites vécues à l intèrieur du Centre par les jeunes déliquants. Parmi d autres aspects, nous traitons de l espace de l institution, leurs objectifs, routines, aussi bien que sur les principaux expressions de la violence qu apparaissent dans les récits des jeunes. Nous traitons de leurs origines socioculturelles, en signalant les milieux d oú ils viennent et leur vie quotidienne. Ainsi, nous traitons d analyser les éléments de la culture constituée, les valeurs, la « loi de plus fort », le pouvoir, le courage, la peur, l astuce, la sagesse et les rêves. Nous remarquons aussi la notion de « destin » qui renvoie à l idée que le crime et la mort sont inéluctables. Nous nous occupons de réfléchir sur le rôle de l institution dans le renforcement de la violence et dans la reproduction de valeurs sociales. Dans cet étude, nous utilisons l analyse des trajectoires de vie des jeunes délinquants pour comprendre la réalité de la violence à laquelle ils sont soumis

Uso de morfina, xilazina e meloxicam para o controle da dor pós-operatória em cadelas submetidas à ovariossalpingo-histerectomia

Foram realizados estudos empregando-se analgésicos por via epidural e subcutânea em cadelas de diferentes raças e idades, submetidas à castração mediante celiotomia. Vinte animais foram tranquilizados e anestesiados com tiletamina-zolazepam, e aleatoriamente distribuídos em quatro grupos (n=5), de acordo com o fármaco e a via de administração. Os do grupo morfina (GM) foram submetidos à anestesia epidural no espaço lombossacro, com morfina (0,1mg/kg) associada ao cloreto de sódio a 0,9%. Aos do grupo xilazina (GX), foram administrados xilazina (0,2mg/kg) e cloreto de sódio a 0,9%. Os do grupo meloxicam (GME) receberam 0,2mg/kg do anti-inflamatório meloxicam associado ao cloreto de sódio a 0,9%, injetado pela via subcutânea. Os do grupo-controle (CG) receberam apenas cloreto de sódio a 0,9%. O volume final para as injeções epidurais foi padronizado para 0,3mL/kg. A mensuração inicial da concentração de cortisol plasmático, do ritmo cardíaco, da frequência respiratória e os parâmetros comportamentais foram registrados imediatamente antes do procedimento cirúrgico (M1). Registros adicionais foram apresentados às 2, 6, 12 e 24 horas após o procedimento cirúrgico (M2, M3, M4 e M5, respectivamente). As variáveis comportamentais foram avaliadas por meio de sinais clínicos e seus respectivos escores. em GX foram observadas depressão respiratória, bradicardia e concentração de cortisol mais alta do que o registrado no GM. A analgesia obtida pelo meloxicam foi considerada ineficiente. É possível concluir que a morfina, via epidural, promoveu menor incidência de efeitos colaterais e melhor analgesia e bem-estar animal.

Dignidade da pessoa humana e medidas sócio-educativas do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente

The main goal of this work is to verify the presence of the principle of human dignity, determined by the Constitution of 1988, when Socio Educational Acts from the Statute of Children and adolescent were put in practice, focusing on the treatment designated to the youth whose acts were against the law in the city of Natal, as well as the difficulties to match the legal texts and its reality. It is common knowledge that the law for children and adolescent was based in the principle of human dignity, for its institutes say so. But would the Law match the practice of Socio Educational Acts? Or this law would be an example of good intentions that never left the paper and became reality? First there is an approach on the human dignity principle, with its definition and limitation, according to a theory about the theme. Afterwards it is made a connection between human rights and the principle of human dignity considering historical and social features, for the law is also a reflect of these transformations, we try to show the different laws the country had until today, concerning the children inflicted by poverty and those whose acts were against the law, since the rodas dos expostos, the phase of irregular situation, in which the children were arrested simply because they were beggars, until present time. The theory aspects are shown beside a field research made with the adolescent and staff from CEDUC/Natal, producing a critical view about the subject and showing some solutions for the problems found. At last, it is made a critical analyses of the problems detected on the field research, and, in some cases, a suggestion is given to change the reality

Diversificação evolutiva de gobídeos no litoral brasileiro: padrões citogenéticos e ecomorfológicos

The fishes of the order Perciformes are characterized as an important model for understanding the genetic structure of marine populations, because besides they present examples of conservation chromosomal, also they present the karyotype diversification for some groups. Gobiidae family is the most specious in the marine environment. Among its representatives, many species are part of a cryptic fauna little noticed and studied, a wide distribution with behavioral and reproductive characteristics, that make them conducive to the action of biogeographical barriers. Morphologically this family presents reduced body structures through simplification and regressions. Despite their importance in evolutionary inferences, cytogenetics data are incipient facing their species diversity, especially with western Atlantic species. In order to estimate the evolutionary diversity in Gobiidae, it were developed cytogenetic analysis and the standards body, through geometric morphometrics in five species on the Brazilian coast, Coryphopterus glaucofraenum, Bathygobius mystacium, B. soporator, Ctenogobius smaragdus e C. Boleosoma. The data show significant karyotype and morphological diversity among the species. The pericentric inversions and mergers play an important role in chromosomal evolution of this family, causing karyotypic structural and numerical differences in all species. Karyotypic and morphological comparisons among geographic samples of B. soporator from the coast of Maranhão, Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia showed cytogenetics patterns commons, but different morphological patterns. A sample from the Atol das Rocas revealed conspicuous morphological and karyotypic differentiation of another continental populations, confirming the presence of a new island species. The approaches done reveal diversification consistent with characteristics of a group of low vagile and largely able to environmental selection due from peculiar ecological requirements

Etnobiologia do boto cinza (Sotalia guianensis, van Bénéden, 1864) por comunidades pesqueiras do Rio Grande do Norte, Basil

Ethnobiology studies Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) as well as the use and management of natural resources by local communities in order to understand how the environment is perceived, known and classified by human groups. In fishing communities, LEK adds empirical information about the biology of aquatic species and complements scientific findings, especially when it is difficult to obtain factual information during studies on cetaceans, whose behavior is essentially underwater. Cetaceans (whales and dolphins) are constantly threatened by human activities, especially by accidental capture of small coastal species, as in the case of the estuarine dolphin (Sotalia guianensis), object of this study. Ethnobiological researches in fishing communities are of great importance and can clarify aspects of the biology and conservation of this species. Although extensively studied throughout its distribution range, there are still gaps in the knowledge about S. guianensis. Therefore, fishers local ecological knowledge becomes an additional tool to get and confirm information about S. guianensis. This study evaluated the LEK of artisanal fishers who are daily exposed to local population of S. guianensis, through the use of semistructured interviews (N=116). The interviewed fishers were asked about the biology and popular classification of S. guianensis and about possible interactions between this dolphin and them. The studied communities were located in Tibau do Sul (n=39), Pipa (n=36) and Baía Formosa (n=41), all on the south coast of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The study was based on the assumption that differences in fishers LEK among those communities would be caused by both the variety of fishing environments (lagoon/estuary and ocean) and the intensity of tourism activities. Fishers knowledge is expressive and differed among the studied communities depending on the topic investigated. Fishers correctly reported the habitat, distribution, seasonality and behavioral particularities of S. guianensis. Tourism mainly affected the naming of the species. The study results also suggest that marine fishers have greater knowledge about the species than the estuarine/lagoon ones. Local populations accumulate empirical knowledge according to their environment. Hence, it is important to take into account both empirical knowledge and popular participation in management systems, in order to maintain information sharing among communities

Professoras e projetos: concepções e práticas no ensino fundamental

The discussion we have established in this study is about how the practice is developing educational projects based on work with because the methodological choice of the teacher. The study of an ethnographic qualitative approach was conducted with a group of six teachers in two public schools in School Administrative Zone north of the city of Natal / RN. Data were constructed from semi-structured, reinforced by the direct observation of the practice of teaching of teachers. The goals outlined were to identify the reasons why the option for the project, listing the benchmarks that subsidized their construction, the observation of everyday experience in educational planning and development of projects developed. In the light of information we can notice a complex and even contradictory, which is confusing the concepts and practices are weakened. The analysis revealed inconsistencies between theory and practice in working with projects, the fruit of little theoretical development of teachers. The adoption of the project as a methodological option has meant a change in direction of the effective action didactic. Reflects on this situation, it was concluded that there is a need to broaden the understanding of the significance of this type of work, covering the different dimensions that involve the practice of research, research and training of teachers. Even preventing the intentions and initiatives of the teachers, it must be emphasized is the process of learning within an approach that focuses the process of learning in multiple dimensions, inter-relational, both the capabilities of students in the areas of knowledge.

Aspectos biológicos do ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis vetor da leprose dos citros em plantas de buva (Conyza canadensis)

O ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis, vetor da leprose dos citros, é uma espécie polífaga que tem ampla gama de hospedeiros alternativos nos pomares cítricos, nos quais se pode manter e/ou incrementar suas populações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a sobrevivência, a oviposição e o modo de alimentação do ácaro B. phoenicis em plantas de buva (Conyza canadensis) com diferentes tamanhos. Para avaliação da sobrevivência e oviposição do ácaro B. phoenicis, foi utilizado o delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e doze repetições. Os tratamentos estudados foram: (1) secções de caules de plantas menores que 20 cm, (2) entre 21 e 50 cm, (3) entre 51 e 100 cm e (4) maiores que 101 cm de altura; e (5) secções de ramos de laranja. Dez fêmeas adultas de B. phoenicis, procedentes de uma criação-estoque, foram transferidas para cada secção de caule de buva e ramos de citros como testemunha. Avaliou-se a sobrevivência e a oviposição dos ácaros até 120 horas após a transferência. Alguns aspectos comportamentais do ácaro B. phoenicis foram fotomicrografados, utilizando-se microscópico eletrônico de varredura. Verificou-se que as plantas de maior altura de buva foram mais favoráveis à sobrevivência do ácaro B. phoenicis do que as de menor tamanho. Contudo, a quantidade de ovos postos pelo ácaro não diferiu em relação à altura das plantas de buva. Com base nas fotomicrografias, constatou-se a preferência do ácaro B. phoenicis por se alimentar na base dos tricomas presentes na superfície do caule da planta de buva, justificado, possivelmente, pela maior turgescência das células encontradas nessa região da planta. Esses resultados reforçam a importância do manejo de buva nos pomares cítricos, pois a sua presença no campo pode favorecer a sobrevivência e o desenvolvimento do ácaro B. phoenicis, servindo, portanto, como hospedeira alternativa, o que pode contribuir para a disseminação do ácaro e, consequentemente, da leprose nos pomares cítricos.

Alphitobius diaperinus spp como veiculador de Clostridium perfringens em granjas avícolas do interior paulista - Brasil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Alfabetizar letrando: investigação-ação fundada nas necessidades de formação docente

The accomplished researches in the education field focus on the importance of the accomplishment of actions involved in the analysis of the needs to graduate teachers as a way to adequate to socialcultural changing that require more and more a creative activity to prepare teachers in their graduation perspective. The worry with a fail at school linked to public school students lead us to make this thesis which goals are: investigate the needs of the graduation of teachers at public Elementary Schools concerning to the subjacent knowledge to the development of a pedagogic practice of alphabetizing with literacy and (re)create, with some teachers as active participants in the researches, knowledge regarding the process of alphabetization with literacy , based on the graduation of teachers. The study was accomplished in a municipal Elementary School in the Ceará-Mirim city, located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, which offers both I and II levels of the Elementary School, 7 teachers and the principal of the school were subjects of our researches. The starting point was the needs of the graduation as subject phenomena, socially created and that allow people to be aware of the goals of a graduation. The investigative broach is qualitative, whose fundamental purpose is the understanding of the meanings, symbols, values and intentions of the mankind actions, as regards to other humanbeing and the contexts in which they interact. Within this context, we chose the investigation-action for we consider this kind of research a place for investigation and professional graduation, in which teachers and the researcher herself assume responsibility of problematizing, build the needs of graduation and think about their practices. As proceedings to create and analyze data, we developed participant observations during the activities in classroom; semi-structured interviews (individual and in groups) with teachers and the principal; analysis of documents and meetings at school for reflexive studies that enabled us to gather data in a pyramidal panoramic view and analyze the contents. The research revealed that the analysis of necessities to graduate teachers is a resource able to contribute to the planning of projects of keeping on graduating more properly, and thus create a critical and reflexive identity for teachers. This way, it was possible the graduation necessities could be revealed and also the knowledge of teachers as regards to alphabetization inserted in a perspective of literacy. Nowadays, conceptualized needs upon difficulties of teachers, there is a tendency to translate them into theorization of problems, without application to these knowledge of teachers, as well as their wishes for changing, especially when those needs are built to analyze and consider concrete practices. Therefore, the graduation experiences have enabled the abandon of a mechanical broach for teaching reading and writing. It has also lead teachers to assume a posture of providing their students the understanding about the reading and writing processes and their functions as social instruments. The graduation theme contents allowed the knowledge to conceive reading and writing in new perspectives, according to their social functions, so that they can improve the education with literacy quality. This theoretical construction has enabled us to understand and consider the necessities of the graduation as progressive process, and has given us the possibility of re-think our own learning processes at the university and review the pedagogical practices of public school teachers. Our conclusion is that once teachers consider their own graduation needs, it contributes to change their concepts and practices in education and literacy, even though there used to be many difficulties in their graduation and organization of the pedagogical work