我国产毒微囊藻的新发现──惠氏微囊藻及其毒性的初步研究

我国产毒微囊藻的新发现──惠氏微囊藻及其毒性的初步研究何家菀，李络平，俞家禄，赵以军，刘永定（中国科学院水生生物研究所，武汉４３００７２）关键词惠氏微囊藻，形态特征，毒性ＰＲＥＬＩＭＩＮＡＲＹＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＡＣＨＩＮＥＳＥＮＥＷＲＥＣＯＲＤＯＦＢ...

河南曹岗湖浮游动物野外现场试验初报

河南曹岗湖浮游动物野外现场试验初报蔡庆华，伍焯田，黎道丰，梁彦龄（中国科学院水生生物研究所，武汉４３００７２）关键词浮游动物，野外现场试验，湖泊生态系统，黄淮海平原ＰＲＩＬＩＭＩＮＡＲＹＲＥＰＯＲＴＯＮＩＮＳＩＴＵＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＯＦＺＯＯＰＬＡ...

用高效液相色谱法测定鱼样中的维生素D_3和E

用高效液相色谱法测定鱼样中的维生素Ｄ＿３和Ｅ徐立红，陈专，徐盈，张甬元（中国科学院水生生物研究所，武汉４３００７２）ＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＯＦＶＩＴＡＭＩＮＤ＿３ＡＮＤＶＩＴＡＭＩＮＥＯＦＦＩＳＨＳＡＭＰＬＥＳＢＹＨＰＬＣ￥ＸｕＬｉｈｏｎｇ，Ｃｈｅｎ...

抗新霉素基因对草鱼肾细胞的磷酸钙共沉淀转移

<正> 自1973年 Graham 和 Van der Eb 首次成功地应用 DNA-磷酸钙共沉淀法转化哺乳动物培养细胞以来,又提出了电脉冲法;显微注射法;磷脂载体法及细菌原生质体融合法等多种培养细胞基因转移方法。然而,目前的研究多局限于哺乳动物细胞,鱼类培养细胞方面的报道却很少。建立鱼类培养细胞基因转移的方

茭草叶饲养草鱼效果

<正> 茭草又称野菰(Zizania latifolia),广泛分布于我国内陆水体,在湖北省洪湖中,茭草是沿岸呈环带状分布的优势挺水植物。由于该湖年平均水深仅1.35米,底泥肥沃,适于茭草生长繁殖,群落面积已达22.7万亩,占该湖总面积的42％。每年生产茎叶干物质达15万吨以上,但绝大部分废弃分解还湖,未被充分利用。根据洪湖大水面水体生物生产力综合开发利用研究计划,我们对茭草不同器官化学成分分析的结果证明,茭草乃优质饲料,茭草叶含粗蛋白16.8—18.7％,其必需氨基酸组成比例与草鱼肌

鱼类囊胚细胞和卵的电融合

<正> 细胞核移植是研究细胞分化、核质关系等有效手段,已取得了较好的成绩。但由于细胞核移植是一种显微操作技术,技术难度较大,尚难以普及与推广。我们在进行鱼类细胞电融合初步成功的基础上,开展了鱼类囊胚细胞和未受精卵的电融合研究,探讨电脉冲可逆击穿能否将外源细胞核引入卵内?以及外源细胞核能否促进未受精卵分裂、发育成正常的个体?

莲离体茎尖的培养

<正> 莲(Nelumbo nucifera Geartn.)是我国著名的水生经济植物,由于其花有较高的观赏价值,近年来一些育种者热心于观赏莲的新品种选育工作。经几年努力已选育出一批艳丽多彩的花莲新品种。为了保持亲本的优良遗传性状和避免有性繁殖的分离现象,通常采用分藕繁殖。但这种无性繁殖方式的繁殖系数很低。本实验探讨了利用组织培养技术进行莲的快速无性繁殖的可能性。

中华鲟、白鲟组织生化成分分析初报

<正> 中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis Cray)隶属鲟形目、鲟科,在生态类群中属河海洄游鱼类,主要分布于我国长江,也见于渤海(烟台)、黄河下游、钱塘江、闽江及珠江等水域。白鲟(Psephurus gladius Martens)隶属鲟形目、白鲟科,也是一种河海洄游性鱼类,主要分布在长江水系中,自四川宜宾至江苏崇明,有时见于大型湖泊(如洞庭湖)。对于这两种我国特有、珍稀、大型的经济鱼类的形态,解剖、地理分布及生态等方面许多研究者曾作过大量的工作,积累了系统的资料(张春霖1928、伍献文192

Thermo-optical characterization of fluorescent rhodamine B based temperature-sensitive nanosensors using a CMOS MEMS micro-hotplate

A custom designed microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) micro-hotplate, capable of operating at high temperatures (up to 700 C), was used to thermo-optically characterize fluorescent temperature-sensitive nanosensors. The nanosensors, 550 nm in diameter, are composed of temperature-sensitive rhodamine B (RhB) fluorophore which was conjugated to an inert silica sol-gel matrix. Temperature-sensitive nanosensors were dispersed and dried across the surface of the MEMS micro-hotplate, which was mounted in the slide holder of a fluorescence confocal microscope. Through electrical control of the MEMS micro-hotplate, temperature induced changes in fluorescence intensity of the nanosensors was measured over a wide temperature range. The fluorescence response of all nanosensors dispersed across the surface of the MEMS device was found to decrease in an exponential manner by 94%, when the temperature was increased from 25 C to 145 C. The fluorescence response of all dispersed nanosensors across the whole surface of the MEMS device and individual nanosensors, using line profile analysis, were not statistically different (p < 0.05). The MEMS device used for this study could prove to be a reliable, low cost, low power and high temperature micro-hotplate for the thermo-optical characterisation of sub-micron sized particles. The temperature-sensitive nanosensors could find potential application in the measurement of temperature in biological and micro-electrical systems. The Authors. © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Protein Profiles in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos Exposed to Perfluorooctane Sulfonate

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is widely distributed and persistent in the environment and in wildlife, and it has the potential for developmental toxicity. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to these toxic effects are not well known. In the present study, proteomic analysis has been performed to investigate the proteins that are differentially expressed in zebrafish embryos exposed to 0.5 mg/l PFOS until 192 h postfertilization. Two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was employed to detect and identify the protein profiles. The analysis revealed that 69 proteins showed altered expression in the treatment group compared to the control group with either increase or decrease in expression levels (more than twofold difference). Of the 69 spots corresponding to the proteins with altered expression, 38 were selected and subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF/TOF) analysis; 18 proteins were identified in this analysis. These proteins can be categorized into diverse functional classes such as detoxification, energy metabolism, lipid transport/steroid metabolic process, cell structure, signal transduction, and apoptosis. Overall, proteomic analysis using zebrafish embryos serves as an in vivo model in environmental risk assessment and provides insight into the molecular events in PFOS-induced developmental toxicity.

Expression pattern of cellular nucleic acid-binding protein (CNBP) during embryogenesis and spermatogenesis of gibel carp

By differential screening, we cloned the CagCNBP, demonstrated its predominant expression in ovary and testis, and reported its development behavior during folliculogenesis and oogenesis by immunofluorescence localization (Liu and Gui, Gene 365:181-192, 2005), but its developmental behavior during spermatogenesis and its transcript distribution during embryogenesis are not revealed. In the present study, by in situ hybridization, we analyze CagCNBP expression pattern during gibel carp embryogenesis. The CagCNBP transcripts ubiquitously distributed in all embryonic cells in early developmental stage embryos, and peak in midbrain, hindbrain and somites of gibel carp larva during organogenesis. By antibody detection, we reveal CagCNBP protein distribution change during spermatogenesis. The cell-specific distribution of CagCNBP is revealed by immunofluorescence staining, and predominant CagCNBP expression in testis somatic cells and spermatogonia is demonstrated in this paper. For the first time, the CNBP distribution during spermatogenesis in vertebrate has been revealed.

Behaviour of cast-iron tunnel segmental joint from the 3D FE analyses and development of a new bolt-spring model

The behaviour of cast-iron tunnel segments used in London Underground tunnels was investigated using the 3-D finite element (FE) method. A numerical model of the structural details of cast-iron segmental joints such as bolts, panel and flanges was developed and its performance was validated against a set of full-scale tests. Using the verified model, the influence of structural features such as caulking groove and bolt pretension was examined for both rotational and shear loading conditions. Since such detailed modelling of bolts increases the computational time when a full scale segmental tunnel is analysed, it is proposed to replace the bolt model to a set of spring models. The parameters for the bolt-spring models, which consider the geometry and material properties of the bolt, are proposed. The performance of the combined bolt-spring and solid segmental models are evaluated against a more conventional shell-spring model. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

Prediction and elucidation of the population dynamics of Microcystis spp. in Lake Dianchi (China) by means of artificial neural networks

Lake Dianchi is a shallow and turbid lake, located in Southwest China. Since 1985, Lake Dianchi has experienced severe cyanabacterial blooms (dominated by Microcystis spp.). In extreme cases, the algal cell densities have exceeded three billion cells per liter. To predict and elucidate the population dynamics ofMicrocystis spp. in Lake Dianchi, a neural network based model was developed. The correlation coefficient (R 2) between the predicted algal concentrations by the model and the observed values was 0.911. Sensitivity analysis was performed to clarify the algal dynamics to the changes of environmental factors. The results of a sensitivity analysis of the neural network model suggested that small increases in pH could cause significantly reduced algal abundance. Further investigations on raw data showed that the response of Microcystis spp. concentration to pH increase was dependent on algal biomass and pH level. When Microcystis spp. population and pH were moderate or low, the response of Microcystis spp. population would be more likely to be positive in Lake Dianchi; contrarily, Microcystis spp. population in Lake Dianchi would be more likely to show negative response to pH increase when Microcystis spp. population and pH were high. The paper concluded that the extremely high concentration of algal population and high pH could explain the distinctive response of Microcystis spp. population to +1 SD (standard deviation) pH increase in Lake Dianchi. And the paper also elucidated the algal dynamics to changes of other environmental factors. One SD increase of water temperature (WT) had strongest positive relationship with Microcystis spp. biomass. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP) had strong positive effect on Microcystis spp. abundance while total nitrogen (TN), biological oxygen demand in five days (BOD5), and dissolved oxygen had only weak relationship with Microcystis spp. concentration. And transparency (Tr) had moderate positive relationship with Microcystis spp. concentration.

Light and scanning electron microscopic study of Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni Chen, 1955 (Class : Litostomatea) from China

Redescription of Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni "Chen (Acta Hydrobiol Sin 1:123-164, 1955)", collected from the hindgut of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), especially the segment of 6-10 cm upstream from the anus, from Honghu Lake, Hubei Province, central China in November 2005, is presented in this paper to complete Chen's description at both light and scanning electron microscopic levels. Some revisions were done: the vestibulum is fairly symmetrical, with compactly arranged cilia rather than assembled membrane bordering on the left vestibular side; four contractile vacuoles actually exist in the latter body, three of which surround the posterior portion of the macronucleus, whereas the fourth lies antero-left to it. Somatic monokinetids were compared among the species of genus Balantidium. The cysts were described, and possible infection routes of B. ctenopharyngodoni were also discussed.