电子束引起的热击波和层裂破坏效应(英文)

本文对强流低能相对论电子束引起LT－12铝产生的热击波和层裂进行了分析．电子束在靶材中的能量沉积是非常复杂的，通常都用Monte－Carlo数值模拟的方法来计算能量沉积，本文发展了一种新的半经验解析方法．在研究由电子束引起材料的动态响应时，对于靶材表面的熔化过程要进行适当考虑，本文使用了GRAY三相状态方程，详细考虑了这种复杂的溶化过程．同时在研究层裂破坏效应及应力波的衰减规律时，放弃了通常的von—Mises流体弹塑性模型，而使用了应变率相关的本构模型．计算结果和实验结果比较一致．

电子束对LY12硬铝的损伤效应

对LY12硬铝受到电子束辐照时产生的热激波及材料的损伤破坏效应进行了理论计算,将计算值同实验结果进行比较,二者基本上是一致的。在研究中等能量沉积产生材料的破坏效应时,应适当考虑材料的熔化过程,所用的状态方程是GRAY三相状态方程,而在研究材料的损伤破坏时,我们修正了计及损伤效应的Bodner-Partom本构模型。

Comportamiento del crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento del nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) en asocio con seis culltivos prehispánicos, Jardín Botánico, Apompuá, Carazo, 2013

El nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica L),pertenece a la familia de las cactáceas, sobrevive en zonas áridas o semiáridas. En Nicaragua la producción como planta de cultivo es incipiente, pero puede representar una alternativa para la dieta alimenticia tanto para humanos como animales, es importante por ser fuente de alimento a bajo costo, las bondades radican en la diversidad de utilidades que posee tanto por su valor nutritivo como por la adaptabilidad en las zonas del trópico seco de nuestro país. Este ensayo se estableció en el Jardín Botánico de la Asociación del Desarrollo Comunitario del Departamento de Carazo (ADECA), ubicado en la comunidad de Apompuá del municipio de Diriamba - Carazo kilómetro 40 carretera La Boquita-Casares, durante el período de Julio 2013 a Febrero 2014. Se utilizó un Bloque Completo al Azar (BCA), con cuatro repeticiones y seis tratamientos: pipián Cuarenteño (Cucurbita angyrosperma Huber), amaranto (Amaranthus caudatus L.), frijol blanco (Phaseolus cutifolius Gray), chan (Hyptis suaveolens L. Poit), batata o camote ( Ipomea batatas L. ) & yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), para evaluar con cuál de estos cultivos asociados tiene mejor rendimiento el nopal. El análisis de los datos obtenidos del estudio de nopal reflejan que obtuvo una sobrevivencia del 100 %, el mejor rendimiento 8285 kg ha -1 en el asocio con frijol blanco (T3), con respecto al comp ortamiento de los cultivos prehispánicos pipián Cuarenteño, amaranto, batata & yuca (T1,T2, T5 y T6) no llegaron a cosecha por no tolerar las condiciones climáticas de la zona, a excepción del frijol blanco y chan(T3 y T4), que completaron su ciclo biológico y obtuvieron una productividad en el asocio de 250 y 54% respectivamente. Palabras claves: zonas secas, alternativas de producción, cultivos precolombinos.

Comportamiento de nopal (Opuntia ficusindica L.) en asocio con seis cultivos prehispánicos, Ecolotes Ave Maria, Las Esquinas, Carazo 2013

El nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica L.), familia de las Cactáceas, es originario de América. Es una planta que se adapta muy bien en diferentes condiciones climáticas, se desarrolla exitosamente en zonas donde llueve muy poco; también tiene una gran importancia por sus diferentes usos que se le conocen. Para conocer de su comportamiento como cultivo asociado, se estableció un ensayo en la finca Ecolote Ave María, ubicada en Las Esquinas, Carazo, en el km 37 ½ carretera Managua – San Marcos, Carazo, en la época de primera 2013. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar (BCA), con cuatro repeticiones y seis tratamientos: pipián cuarenteño (Cucúrbita angyrosperma J. C. Huber), amaranto (Amaranthus caudatus L.), chan (Hyptis suaveolens L.), frijol blanco (Phaseolus acutifolius, Gray), yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) y batata (Ipomoea batata L.), con el objetivo de conocer con cuál de estos cultivos en asocio se obtienen mejores rendimientos de cladodios de nopal. El análisis de los datos obtenidos del estudio reflejan que se obtuvo una supervivencia del 100 % en todo los tratamientos, el mejor número de brotes por planta fue de 2, el mejor ancho de cladodios (3.63 cm) y el mejor rendimiento fue de (2 386.5 kg/ha), en asocio con amaranto; el mejor largo de cladodios (7.65 cm) fue con el cultivo de Yuca, respecto al comportamiento de los cultivos prehispánicos, batata con una altura de 172.8 cm ha sido el más exitoso, seguido por el chan con 131.42 cm de largo de guía y la yuca con 111.3 cm de altura, los cultivos de amaranto, frijol blanco y pipián cuarenteño no lograron adaptarse a las condiciones climáticas del ensayo.

瓦斯涌出的灰色预测初探

本文运用灰色系统(Gray System)理论,讨论了瓦斯涌出的灰色预测问题,并应用GM模型对阳泉一矿的瓦斯涌出实测资料进行了分析讨论,其结表明用灰色系统理论作瓦斯涌出的近期预测有实用价值。

Values of inland fisheries in the Mekong river basin

Asia has the most productive inland fisheries in the world. The fishery sector contributes significantly to the national economies of the region. Inland fisheries also improve food security by providing a source of protein and a livelihood for millions of people in this part of the world, especially the rural poor. The purpose of this report is to provide information on the biological, economic, social and cultural values of river fisheries in the Lower Mekong Basin, and to identify the main impacts of environmental changes on these values. A review of fisheries-related literature, including project reports and gray literature, was undertaken. More than 800 documents were reviewed, and original information was extracted from 270 of them. The analysis identified a large number of localized studies leading to generic conclusions. The report addresses the basin wide issues and studies. It is then organized by nation, namely, the Chinese province of Yunnan, then Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. It first gives an overview of each country’s economic, fisheries and social situation, then details the values documented for river fisheries in each country.

The valuation of riparian fisheries in Southern and Eastern Africa

This paper reviews the published and gray literature concerning economic valuations of river fisheries in eastern and southern Africa, extracting the best available information on their direct economic values and on the impacts of changes in water management on this value. It then assesses the methods used and makes recommendations regarding approaches to be used in future. The review concentrates on rivers with their associated floodplains and major deltas. The values and issues associated with estuaries and lakes are not considered.

Effects of shear on eggs and larvae of striped bass, morone saxatilis, and white perch, M. americana

Shear stress, generated by water movement, can kill fish eggs and larvae by causing rotation or deformation. Through the use of an experimental apparatus, a series of shear (as dynes/cm2)-mortality equations for fixed time exposures were generated for striped bass and white perch eggs and larvae. Exposure of striped bass eggs to a shear level of 350 dynes/cm2 kills 36% of the eggs in 1 min; 69% in 2 min, and 88% in 4 min; exposure of larvae to 350 dynes/cm2 kills 9.3% in 1 min, 30.0% in 2 min, and 68.1% in 4 min. A shear level of 350 dynes/cm2 kills 38% of the white perch eggs in 1 min, 41% in 2 min, 89% in 5 min, 96% in 10 min, and 98% in 20 min. A shear level of 350 dynes/cm2 applied to white perch larvae destroys 38% of the larvae in 1 min, 52% in 2 min, and 75% in 4 min. Results are experimentally used in conjunction with the determination of shear levels in the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal and ship movement for the estimation of fish egg and larval mortalities in the field.

Estimating the Energy Density of Fish: The Importance of Ontogeny

Ontogenetic patterns in the percent dry weight (%DW) and energy density (joules per gram of wet weight) were studied in the early life stages of the subtropical estuarine and marine gray snapper Lutjanus griseus and the warmtemperate estuarine and marine spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus. The %DW was variable for individuals of both species but increased significantly through larval to juvenile stages (<20% for fish ,50 mm standard length to 20–30% for fish >50 mm). The lipid percentage, which was determined only for gray snapper, was also variable between individuals but showed significant increase with body size. Strong relationships between percent dry weight and energy density were evident for both species; however, the slopes of regressions were significantly lower than in general multispecies models, demonstrating the need for species- and stagespecific energy density data in bioenergetics models.

Study of an object recognition algorithm

This project introduces an improvement of the vision capacity of the robot Robotino operating under ROS platform. A method for recognizing object class using binary features has been developed. The proposed method performs a binary classification of the descriptors of each training image to characterize the appearance of the object class. It presents the use of the binary descriptor based on the difference of gray intensity of the pixels in the image. It shows that binary features are suitable to represent object class in spite of the low resolution and the weak information concerning details of the object in the image. It also introduces the use of a boosting method (Adaboost) of feature selection al- lowing to eliminate redundancies and noise in order to improve the performance of the classifier. Finally, a kernel classifier SVM (Support Vector Machine) is trained with the available database and applied for predictions on new images. One possible future work is to establish a visual servo-control that is to say the reac- tion of the robot to the detection of the object.

HE in FE projects: summary report

This report provides a summary overview of the projects and findings from nine projects that explored the use of technology-enhanced learning delivered in Higher Education (HE) courses delivered by Further Education (FE) colleges.

Open Media Classes at Coventry University: Final Evaluation Report 2015

This report offers a reflection on findings from a one year evaluation study into the distributed open media classes at Coventry University The study team comprised Lou McGill and Tim Gray of Lou McGill Consultancy Ltd. This report is augmented by an open wiki (bit.ly/1KqL4nH) which includes more detail about the approaches used during the study and findings are also presented as a series of web pages (comc.loumcgill.co.uk). We would like to thank the Department of Media in the School of Art and Design for their input, openness and patience during the study.

The economic contribution of whalewatching to regional economies: Perspectives from two National Marine Sanctuaries

Whenever human beings have looked out on the sea, they have seen whales. First from the shore and later from ships when humanity entered the ocean realm as seafarers, we have responded to seeing these creatures with awe and wonder. Even when we hunted whales, a period well chronicled both in history and in literature, the sight of a whale brought an adrenaline rush that was not totally linked to potential economic gain. The first trips on boats specifically to watch, rather than hunt, whales began around 45 years ago in Southern California where the migrating gray whales, seen in the distance from land, drew vessels out for a closer look. Since that time whalewatching has boomed, currently conducted in over 40 countries around the world, including Antarctica, and estimated by economists at the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society to have a 1999 worldwide economic value of around $800 million USD. The economic contribution to local coastal communities is particularly significant in developing countries and those where declining fish populations (and in some cases like the Japanese, international bans on whaling) have driven harvesters to look for viable alternatives. Clearly, whalewatching is now, in many places around the world, a small but thriving part of the regional economy. Like in the days of whaling, we still get the rush, but for some, money is back contributing to the physiological response. (PDF contains 90 pages.)