883 resultados para GRUPOS ÉTNICOS Y RACIALES
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Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Esta monografia tem como objetivo apresentar uma pesquisa bibliográfica que investiga a educação popular como instrumento social usado por grupos étnicos formados ao longo da história nacional brasileira, que, devido ao contexto social em que foram submetidos indígenas e negros no período do Brasil Colônia reedificaram sua cultura descendente manifestando-a através da dança, do canto e expressões artísticas. A pesquisa reorganizou parcialmente o caminhar histórico dos afrodescendentes e influências indígenas focando alguns dos principais fatores histórico-sociais que estimularam a construção de manifestações populares, tais como: a Coroação do Maracatu e da Congada, a Roda de Jongo, o Samba de Coco, o Lundu e Tambú (Batuque de Umbigada). Para auxiliar o entendimento deste processo foi elaborada uma abordagem qualitativa, aprofundando conhecimentos sobre a educação e manifestações populares brasileiras usando como metodologia a coleta de dados bibliográficos, análise e extração de dados de documentários referentes às manifestações populares no Brasil, consultam a sites oficiais, e também depoimentos recolhidos com membros da comunidade negra das cidades de Rio Claro e Campinas/ SP. O resultado foi uma monografia composta por elementos históricos que demonstram as contribuições da educação popular na recolocação social dos descendentes de ex escravos no cenário cultural do Brasil
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Se é inegável que as questões do meio ambiente atraem uma atenção cada vez maior nos dias de hoje, falta ainda reconhecer a centralidade dos princípios de justiça ambiental para a proteção ecológica, a atividade econômica ou mesmo o futuro da democracia brasileira. Por Justiça Ambiental entenda-se o conjunto de princípios que asseguram que nenhum grupo de pessoas, sejam grupos étnicos, raciais ou de classe, suporte uma parcela desproporcional das conseqüências ambientais negativas de operações econômicas, de políticas e programas federais, estaduais e locais, bem como resultantes da ausência ou omissão de tais políticas. Dito de outra forma, trata-se da espacialização da justiça distributiva, uma vez que diz respeito à distribuição do meio ambiente para os seres humanos. Complementarmente, entende-se por Injustiça Ambiental o mecanismo pelo qual sociedades desiguais destinam a maior carga dos danos ambientais do desenvolvimento a grupos sociais de trabalhadores, populações de baixa renda, grupos raciais discriminados, populações marginalizadas e mais vulneráveis. A qualidade do meio ambiente no qual vivemos influi consideravelmente na própria qualidade de vida. A presença de áreas verdes no universo urbano é um fator essencial no resgate dos aspectos positivos da relação das formas urbanas com a natureza, e a distribuição e a distância entre elas influi diretamente sobre as suas funções econômica, estética, social e ecológica, constituindo-se como indicador relevante para a qualidade de vida. Com isso o trabalho buscou identificar a relação entre a distribuição espacial das áreas verdes em Rio Claro e o perfil socioeconômico das populações adjacentes. A partir do levantamento das áreas verdes urbanas e do índice paulista de vulnerabilidade social para o município de Rio Claro (IPVS), foram calculados os índices de áreas verdes para as regiões de diferente vulnerabilidade socioeconômica
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To evaluate changes in microhardness, roughness and surface morphology of dental enamel and composite resin after different tooth bleaching techniques. Material and Methods: Dental fragments from bovine incisors with composite resin restorations were submitted to different bleaching protocols: G1 – daily 8 hours application of a 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel during 21 days; G2: 3 applications of 15 minutes of a 38% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) gel; G3: 38% H2O2 gel associated to irradiation with LED (470nm) during 6 minutes. The Knoop micro hardness of enamel and composite resin were evaluated at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days for G1, and after 1, 2 and 3 sessions for G2 and G3. The roughness and superficial morphology (atomic force microscopy) were evaluated before and at the end of the bleaching treatment. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests (=5%). Results: Significant reduction on enamel hardness was observed after 2 and 3 sessions for G2 and G3. For composite, the reduction occurred after 21 days for G1, and after 3 sessions for G2 and G3 (p<0.05). Significant reduction on roughness and superficial morphology were observed only for enamel of G1 group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The 10% CP gel promoted only superficial alterations on dental enamel, while the 38% H2O2 gel promoted mineral reduction of this dental tissue. All the bleaching protocols promoted reduction on hardness of composite resin.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological behavior of the root canal filling sealers: Endofill, Endomethasone and Sealer 26 when in contact with the subcutaneous connective tissue of rat. For the study one control and three experimental groups were used. A total of 15 animals were divided into 5 for each period: 7, 21, and 60 days. The obtained histological sections were processed and stained using the hematoxiline & eosine technique. The histological sections were subjective and comparatively analyzed using optic microscopy. The intensity of the inflammatory reaction and the level of fibrosis of the tissue were registered. The results were registered in scores and statistical analysis by KRUSKAL-WALLIS p<0,05 and MILLER methods. The statistical analysis revealed that in the period of 60 days, there was statistical significance to group II (Endofill) between group (control) and III (Endomethasone) with mononuclear cells into connective tissue. All materials promoted inflammatory reaction more intense at 7 and 21 days with the Endomethasone showing the best results.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Low-intensity laser has been used as a physical agent in various fields of medical sciences such as bone and tissue repair. Meanwhile little is known about its effects in adverse conditions such as abolition of load and osteopenic. With the assumption that the laser Ga-Al-As accelerates the process of bone consolidation, goal of this study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in incomplete transverse osteotomies of tibia in adult rats, treated with low power laser therapy in three different groups: G1 (n = 10), reference 15 days; G2 (n=10), suspended by the tail and, accordingly, treated with laser for 12 days; G3 (n = 10), suspended by the tail by 36 days and that after 21 days, there was laser treatment for 12 days. The right tibia treated with laser and left served as control. The laser was used to Ga-Al-As, DMC - Flash Lase® III, with wavelength 830nm, 100 mW, 4J, 140 J / cm ², 40s of application in 12 sessions. It was used densitometer-Lunar DPX®, with computer program for "small animals", and the analysis of BMD was made in the bone throughout the region and the osteotomy. The results showed no efficacy of laser therapy in the process of bone repair, both in animals of group 1, as in group 2 and 3. It follows that either the low-power laser was not an effective performance or the effects of laser therapy is not only manifested at the site of irradiation as well as the systemic level.
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Several nutritional interventions are performed in order to reduce the impact of EO induced by exercise. Some studies suggest that mate tea (CM) have compounds, which can act as antioxidants reducing EO. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CM induced under the EO after a single bout of aerobic exercise. Methods: We used male Wistar rats (50 days and 200g) distributed in four experimental groups: control (CON); mate tea (CM), Swimming (N); Swimming+mate tea (N + CM) . The CM and N+CM groups received CM diluted in distilled water at 96 ° C for five days, oropharyngeal route (50 mg / kg body weight, 0.5 mL). Both groups were adapted to the aquatic environment prior to experimental day, after a single swimming session, with 5% of body weight attached to the tail, until the animals reached exhaustion. Immediately after the state of exhaustion, peripheral blood was collected for further analysis. Results: The animals of the group N + CM showed improved resistance swimming compared to group C (p < 0.0001). No increase in lipid oxidative damage and production of lactate in group N + CM , compared to group N , may be attributed to the significant increase in plasma uric acid concentrations demonstrated in this study was observed . Conclusion: Therefore, the results indicate that consumption of CM may be natural strategy for improving aerobic exercise endurance and reduce the impact of EO induced by aerobic exercise.
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The objectives this research are: (a) describing positive interactions established between teacher and student, considering clinical group to behavior problems and non-clinical one; (b) describing behavior repertoire (social skills and behavior problems) of children with and without clinical classification to behavior problems, according to TRF, teacher version. The participants this study were 16 female teachers who indicated and evaluated 32 students - 16 of them presented behavior problems (with BP – clinical group), whereas the other 16 did not (without BP – non clinical group). Students aged 6 years were enrolled in the first year of elementary school. Data collection was conducted through the application of three instruments: TRF, RE-HSE-Pr and QRSH-Pr, as an interview with teachers. Data were categorized and analyzed to compare the clinical and nonclinical groups (Mann-Whitney Test). Overall, this research found that female teachers exert different practices among students who have behavior problems that do not show, being more skilled in the interactions with children without behavior problems and more agressive to those with behavioral problems. Implications for interventions and public policies are discussed.
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The use of medicinal plants is common in many Brazil's ethnic groups, because the diversity of plant species in the country is large. But the utilization of these plants as standardized herbal doesn't occur with de same frequency, due the lack of studies related to these therapies, classified as alternatives. Due to the high cost of some synthetic medicines for the treatment of chronic diseases, phytotherapy is a low-cost alternative and efficient, since the phytomedication has proven scientific studies and its production meets strict criteria for manufacturing and quality control to ensure its safety and efficacy. Among the medicinal species used for the treatment of chronic diseases, such as pain and inflammation, is Eugenia speciosa Cambess, popularly known as the bush laranjinha. Against this context, this paper held preliminary studies and developed the chromatographic profile of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of E. speciosa by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector (CLAE-DAD). Preliminary qualitative results and the chromatographic profile have identified some metabolites classes present and some constituent as: homogentisic acid, homorientina, isovitexin and quercetrin
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Este ensayo trata de las identidades étnicas, entendiéndolas como construcciones ideológicas derivadas del contraste entre grupos cultural y socialmente diferenciados, a las que no se puede entender de manera independiente de los contextos estatales e interétnicos en los que se desarrollan. Propongo una breve presentación de algunas de las perspectivas teóricas consideradas más relevantes y destaco que en realidad no son tan excluyentes como se suele pretender, ya que en conjunto contribuyen al desarrollo de una teoría general de la identidad. En aras de una cierta precisión conceptual propongo diferenciar a las identidades étnicas de otras identificaciones y condiciones sociales que suelen ser englobadas bajo un común denominador identitario. Concluyo exponiendo los discursos indígenas de la identidad: tanto los que emergen de los propios códigos simbólicos para dar cuenta de la singularidad de cada grupo, como de aquellos orientados a hacer explícita la argumentación de la diferencia étnica hacia el exterior.
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Las actuales políticas educativas, se inscriben dentro de la denominada “perspectiva de derechos.” Hoy se considera a la educación como un derecho básico y debe garantizarse que todos los niños, jóvenes y adultos que la requieran, accedan a ella. En relación con la cuestión de garantizar accesibilidad e igualdad de oportunidades para todos, se inscribe la denominada “educación inclusiva.” En este marco, las escuelas se comprometerían a dar cabida a todos los niños, independientemente de sus condiciones físicas, intelectuales, sociales, emocionales, lingüísticas o de otro tipo; pasando a funcionar como “escuelas inclusivas.” Como consecuencia de esto, algunos/as niños/as y jóvenes con discapacidad, (que cumplen con ciertos requisitos) inician procesos de inclusión en escuelas comunes, para desarrollar en ellas su escolaridad. La mayoría de las investigaciones referidas a estas experiencias, se centran en los discursos y perspectivas acerca de las mismas, de los docentes que participan en ellas: tanto los docentes de Educación Común, como los docentes de Educación Especial. Pero se desconocen investigaciones sobre la percepción y las concepciones, desde la perspectiva de los alumnos/as de las escuelas en las que se implementan proyectos de inclusión, siendo que son parte fundamental de estos procesos, en tanto conforman el grupo que recibirá a los sujetos que se desea incluir y serán su pares durante las actividades escolares. Creemos que estudiando las cuestiones vinculares y valorativas, que se ponen en juego durante los procesos de inclusión, se podrá intervenir en ellas de modo de facilitar el proceso de inclusión escolar de niños y jóvenes con discapacidad. El abordaje metodológico será cualitativo, mediante grupos focales y entrevistas. El presente estudio, es continuación del Proyecto 16H291 “Concepciones acerca de la discapacidad de los niños y jóvenes de las escuelas de Misiones" desarrollado entre 2009 y 2012, que nos permitió indagar sobre las concepciones en los niños. Ahora, pretendemos hacer lo propio con los adolescentes.