Ubiquitous green computing techniques for high demand applications in smart environments

Ubiquitous sensor network deployments, such as the ones found in Smart cities and Ambient intelligence applications, require constantly increasing high computational demands in order to process data and offer services to users. The nature of these applications imply the usage of data centers. Research has paid much attention to the energy consumption of the sensor nodes in WSNs infrastructures. However, supercomputing facilities are the ones presenting a higher economic and environmental impact due to their very high power consumption. The latter problem, however, has been disregarded in the field of smart environment services. This paper proposes an energy-minimization workload assignment technique, based on heterogeneity and application-awareness, that redistributes low-demand computational tasks from high-performance facilities to idle nodes with low and medium resources in the WSN infrastructure. These non-optimal allocation policies reduce the energy consumed by the whole infrastructure and the total execution time.

GreenDisc: a HW/SW energy optimization framework in globally distributed computation

In recent future, wireless sensor networks ({WSNs}) will experience a broad high-scale deployment (millions of nodes in the national area) with multiple information sources per node, and with very specific requirements for signal processing. In parallel, the broad range deployment of {WSNs} facilitates the definition and execution of ambitious studies, with a large input data set and high computational complexity. These computation resources, very often heterogeneous and driven on-demand, can only be satisfied by high-performance Data Centers ({DCs}). The high economical and environmental impact of the energy consumption in {DCs} requires aggressive energy optimization policies. These policies have been already detected but not successfully proposed. In this context, this paper shows the following on-going research lines and obtained results. In the field of {WSNs}: energy optimization in the processing nodes from different abstraction levels, including reconfigurable application specific architectures, efficient customization of the memory hierarchy, energy-aware management of the wireless interface, and design automation for signal processing applications. In the field of {DCs}: energy-optimal workload assignment policies in heterogeneous {DCs}, resource management policies with energy consciousness, and efficient cooling mechanisms that will cooperate in the minimization of the electricity bill of the DCs that process the data provided by the WSNs.

Towards a lightweight mobile semantic-based approach for enhancing interaction with smart objects

This work describes a semantic extension for a user-smart object interaction model based on the ECA paradigm (Event-Condition-Action). In this approach, smart objects publish their sensing (event) and action capabilities in the cloud and mobile devices are prepared to retrieve them and act as mediators to configure personalized behaviours for the objects. In this paper, the information handled by this interaction system has been shaped according several semantic models that, together with the integration of an embedded ontological and rule-based reasoner, are exploited in order to (i) automatically detect incompatible ECA rules configurations and to (ii) support complex ECA rules definitions and execution. This semantic extension may significantly improve the management of smart spaces populated with numerous smart objects from mobile personal devices, as it facilitates the configuration of coherent ECA rules.

Towards a fuzzy-based multi-classifier selection module for activity recognition applications

Performing activity recognition using the information provided by the different sensors embedded in a smartphone face limitations due to the capabilities of those devices when the computations are carried out in the terminal. In this work a fuzzy inference module is implemented in order to decide which classifier is the most appropriate to be used at a specific moment regarding the application requirements and the device context characterized by its battery level, available memory and CPU load. The set of classifiers that is considered is composed of Decision Tables and Trees that have been trained using different number of sensors and features. In addition, some classifiers perform activity recognition regardless of the on-body device position and others rely on the previous recognition of that position to use a classifier that is trained with measurements gathered with the mobile placed on that specific position. The modules implemented show that an evaluation of the classifiers allows sorting them so the fuzzy inference module can choose periodically the one that best suits the device context and application requirements.

Bat-MP: An Ontology-Based Energy Management Platform

This paper presents an Ontology-Based multi-technology platform as part of an open energy management system which also comprises a wireless transducer network for control and monitoring. The platform allows the integration of several building automation protocols, eases the development and implementation of different kinds of services and allows sharing of the data of a building. The system has been implemented and tested in the Energy Efficiency Research Facility at CeDInt-UPM.

Gestión de pruebas para equipos de vídeo

Desde hace ya muchos años, uno de los servicios de telecomunicaciones más demandado por los españoles ha sido la televisión de pago, complementando y ampliando la oferta de contenidos audiovisuales que habitualmente son ofrecidos de manera gratuita por la televisión analógica y recientemente por la televisión digital terrestre o TDT. Estos servicios de video, han sido tradicionalmente ofrecidos por operadores satélites, operadores de cable u otros operadores de telecomunicaciones con los que a través de una conexión de datos (ADSL, VDSL o fibra óptica), ofrecían sus contenidos a través de IP. La propia evolución y mejora de la tecnología utilizada para la emisión de contenidos sobre IP, ha permitido que a día de hoy, la televisión se conciba como un servicio Over The Top (OTT) ajeno al medio de transmisión, permitiendo a cualquier agente, distribuir sus contenidos audiovisuales de manera sencilla y a todos sus clientes en todas las partes del mundo; siendo solamente necesario disponer de una conexión a internet. De esta manera, el proyecto desarrollado va a girar en torno a la herramienta StormTest de la empresa S3Group, comprada por CENTUM Solutions (empresa especializada en ofrecer servicio de ingeniería para sistema de comunicaciones, control e inteligencia de señal) con el objetivo de satisfacer las necesidades de sus clientes y con la que en definitiva se ha contado para la realización de este proyecto. El principal objetivo de este proyecto es la definición e implementación de un banco de pruebas que permita optimizar los procesos de validación técnica, mejorando los tiempos de ejecución y concentrando la actividad de los ingenieros en tareas de mayor valor. Para la realización de este proyecto, se han fijado diversos objetivos necesarios para el desarrollo de este tipo de actividades. Los principales son los siguientes:  Análisis de la problemática actual: donde en los procesos de aceptación técnica se dedica muchas horas de trabajo para la realización de pruebas repetitivas y de poco valor las cuales se pueden automatizar por herramientas existentes en el mercado.  Búsqueda y selección de una herramienta que satisfaga las necesidades de pruebas.  Instalación en los laboratorios.  Configuración y adaptación de la herramienta a las necesidades y proyectos específicos. Con todo ello, este proyecto cubrirá los siguientes logros:  Reducir los tiempos de ejecución de las campañas de pruebas, gracias a la automatización de gran parte ellas.  Realizar medidas de calidad subjetiva y objetiva complejas, imposibles de ejecutar a través de las personas. Mejorar y automatizar los sistemas de reporte de resultados. Abstract: Many years ago, one of the telecommunications services most demanded in Spain has been pay television, complementing and extending the offer of audiovisual content which are usually offered for free by analog tv and recently by digital terrestrial televisión or TDT. These video services, have been traditionally offered by satellite operators, cable operators or other telecommunications operators that through a data connection (ADSL,VDSL or fiber optic), offered its content over IP. The evolution and improvement of the technology used for broadcasting over IP, has allowed that to date, television is conceived as a service Over The Top (OTT), not dependent on the transmission medium, allowing any agent to distribute audiovisual content in a very simple way and to all its customers in all parts of the world; being only necessary to have an decent internet connection. In this way, the project will have relation with S3Group’s StormTest tool, bought by CENTUM Solutions (company specialized in engineering services for communications, control and signal intelligence system) with the aim of satisfying the needs of its customers and which ultimately has counted for the realization of this project. The main objective of this project is the definition and implementation of a test bench that allows to optimize the processes of technical validation, improving execution times and concentrating the activities of engineers on higher value tasks. For the realization of this project, it has been defined several objectives necessary for the development of this type of activity. The most important tones are listed below:  Analysis of the current situation: where in technical acceptance processes it is dedicated many hours of work for the completion of repetitive testing and without value which can be automated by tools available on the market  Search and selection of a tool that meets the needs of testing.  Installation on the laboratories.  Configuration and customization of the tool to specific projects. With all this, this project will cover the following achievements: Reduce the execution time of the testing campaigns, thanks to the automation of many of them.  Measurements of subjective and objective quality tests, impossible to run with engineers (due to subjective perception). Improve and automate reporting of results systems

Multilingual Variation in the context of Linked Data

In this paper we present a revisited classification of term variation in the light of the Linked Data initiative. Linked Data refers to a set of best practices for publishing and connecting structured data on the Web with the idea of transforming it into a global graph. One of the crucial steps of this initiative is the linking step, in which datasets in one or more languages need to be linked or connected with one another. We claim that the linking process would be facilitated if datasets are enriched with lexical and terminological information. Being that the final aim, we propose a classification of lexical, terminological and semantic variants that will become part of a model of linguistic descriptions that is currently being proposed within the framework of the W3C Ontology-Lexica Community Group to enrich ontologies and Linked Data vocabularies. Examples of modeling solutions of the different types of variants are also provided.

Geometric diagnostics of complex patterns: Spiral defect chaos

Motivated by the observation of spiral patterns in a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological systems, we present an automated approach that aims at characterizing quantitatively spiral-like elements in complex stripelike patterns. The approach provides the location of the spiral tip and the size of the spiral arms in terms of their arc length and their winding number. In addition, it yields the number of pattern components (Betti number of order 1), as well as their size and certain aspects of their shape. We apply the method to spiral defect chaos in thermally driven Rayleigh- Bénard convection and find that the arc length of spirals decreases monotonically with decreasing Prandtl number of the fluid and increasing heating. By contrast, the winding number of the spirals is nonmonotonic in the heating. The distribution function for the number of spirals is significantly narrower than a Poisson distribution. The distribution function for the winding number shows approximately an exponential decay. It depends only weakly on the heating, but strongly on the Prandtl number. Large spirals arise only for larger Prandtl numbers. In this regime the joint distribution for the spiral length and the winding number exhibits a three-peak structure, indicating the dominance of Archimedean spirals of opposite sign and relatively straight sections. For small Prandtl numbers the distribution function reveals a large number of small compact pattern components.

B2DI a bayesian BDI agent model with causal belief updating based on MSBN

In this paper, we introduce B2DI model that extends BDI model to perform Bayesian inference under uncertainty. For scalability and flexibility purposes, Multiply Sectioned Bayesian Network (MSBN) technology has been selected and adapted to BDI agent reasoning. A belief update mechanism has been defined for agents, whose belief models are connected by public shared beliefs, and the certainty of these beliefs is updated based on MSBN. The classical BDI agent architecture has been extended in order to manage uncertainty using Bayesian reasoning. The resulting extended model, so-called B2DI, proposes a new control loop. The proposed B2DI model has been evaluated in a network fault diagnosis scenario. The evaluation has compared this model with two previously developed agent models. The evaluation has been carried out with a real testbed diagnosis scenario using JADEX. As a result, the proposed model exhibits significant improvements in the cost and time required to carry out a reliable diagnosis.

The Spanish Travel Subjective Lexicon (STSL).

This paper presents a proposal for a recognition model for the appraisal value of sentences. It is based on splitting the text into independent sentences (full stops) and then analysing the appraisal elements contained in each sentence according to the previous value in the appraisal lexicon. In this lexicon, positive words are assigned a positive coefficient (+1) and negative words a negative coefficient (-1). We take into account word such as ?too?, ?little? (when it is not ?a bit?), ?less?, and ?nothing? than can modify the polarity degree of lexical unit when appear in the nearby environment. If any of these elements are present, then the previous coefficient will be multiplied by (-1), that is, they will change their sign. Our results show a nearly theoretical effectiveness of 90%, despite not achieving the recognition (or misrecognition) of implicit elements. These elements represent approximately 4% of the total of sentences analysed for appraisal and include the errors in the recognition of coordinated sentences. On the one hand, we found that 3.6 % of the sentences could not be recognized because they use different connectors than those included in the model; on the other hand, we found that in 8.6% of the sentences despite using some of the described connectors could not be applied the rules we have developed. The percentage relative to the whole group of appraisal sentences in the corpus was approximately of 5%.

Multilingual variation in the context of Linked Data

In this paper we present a revisited classification of term variation in the light of the Linked Data initiative. Linked Data refers to a set of best practices for publishing and connecting structured data on the Web with the idea of transforming it into a global graph. One of the crucial steps of this initiative is the linking step, in which datasets in one or more languages need to be linked or connected with one another. We claim that the linking process would be facilitated if datasets are enriched with lexical and terminological information. Being that the final aim, we propose a classification of lexical, terminological and semantic variants that will become part of a model of linguistic descriptions that is currently being proposed within the framework of the W3C Ontology- Lexica Community Group to enrich ontologies and Linked Data vocabularies. Examples of modeling solutions of the different types of variants are also provided.

E-Flow: A communication system for user notification in dynamic evacuation scenarios

Most of the current evacuation plans are based on static signaling, fixed monitoring infrastructure, and limited user notification and feedback mechanisms. These facts lead to lower situation awareness, in the case event of an emergency, such as blocked emergency exits, while delaying the reaction time of individuals. In this context, we introduce the E-Flow communication system, which improves the user awareness by integrating personal, mobile and fixed devices with the existing monitoring infrastructure. Our system broadens the notification and monitoring alternatives, in real time, among, safety staff, end-users and evacuation related devices, such as sensors and actuators.

Speed-independent gait identification for mobile devices

Due to the intensive use of mobile phones for diferent purposes, these devices usually contain condential information which must not be accessed by another person apart from the owner of the device. Furthermore, the new generation phones commonly incorporate an accelerometer which may be used to capture the acceleration signals produced as a result of owner s gait. Nowadays, gait identication in basis of acceleration signals is being considered as a new biometric technique which allows blocking the device when another person is carrying it. Although distance based approaches as Euclidean distance or dynamic time warping have been applied to solve this identication problem, they show di±culties when dealing with gaits at diferent speeds. For this reason, in this paper, a method to extract an average template from instances of the gait at diferent velocities is presented. This method has been tested with the gait signals of 34 subjects while walking at diferent motion speeds (slow, normal and fast) and it has shown to improve the performance of Euclidean distance and classical dynamic time warping.

Creación de personajes autónomos animados en la herramienta de desarrollo de entornos virtuales Unity 3D

Este trabajo se centra en la construcción de la parte física del personaje virtual. El desarrollo muestra téecnicas de modelado 3D, cinemática y animación usadas para la creación de personajes virtuales. Se incluye además una implementación que está dividida en: modelado del personaje virtual, creación de un sistema de cinemática inversa y la creación de animaciones utilizando el sistema de cinemática. Primero, crear un modelo 3D exacto al diseño original, segundo, el desarrollo de un sistema de cinemática inversa que resuelva con exactitud las posiciones de las partes articuladas que forman el personaje virtual, y tercero, la creación de animaciones haciendo uso del sistema de cinemática para conseguir animaciones fluidas y depuradas. Como consecuencia, se ha obtenido un componente 3D animado, reutilizable, ampliable, y exportable a otros entornos virtuales. ---ABSTRACT---This article is pointed in the making of the physical part of the virtual character. Development shows modeling 3D, kinematic and animation techniques used for create the virtual character. In addition, an implementation is included, and it is divided in: to model the 3D character, to create an inverse kinematics system, and to create animations using a kinematic system. First, creating an exact 3D model from the original design, second, developing an inverse kinematics system that resolves the positions of the articulated pieces that compose the virtual character, and third, creating animation using the inverse kinematics system to get fluid and refined animations in realtime. As consequence, a 3D animated, reusable, extendable and to other virtual environments exportable component has been obtained.

Estudio experimental del desgaste del flanco y de la rugosidad superficial en el torneado en seco de alta velocidad del acero AISI 316L

La mejora continua de los procesos de fabricación es fundamental para alcanzar niveles óptimos de productividad, calidad y coste en la producción de componentes y productos. Para ello es necesario disponer de modelos que relacionen de forma precisa las variables que intervienen en el proceso de corte. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la influencia de la velocidad de corte y el avance en el desgaste del flanco de los insertos de carburos recubiertos GC1115 y GC2015 y en la rugosidad superficial de la pieza mecanizada de la pieza en el torneado de alta velocidad en seco del acero AISI 316L. Se utilizaron entre otros los métodos de observación científica, experimental, medición, inteligencia artificial y estadísticos. El inserto GC1115 consigue el mejor resultado de acuerdo al gráfico de medias y de las ecuaciones de regresión múltiple de desgaste del flanco para v= 350 m/min, mientras que para las restantes velocidades el inserto GC2015 consigue el mejor desempeño. El mejor comportamiento en cuanto a la rugosidad superficial de la pieza mecanizada se obtuvo con el inserto GC1115 en las velocidades de 350 m/min y 400 m/min, en la velocidad de 450 m/min el mejor resultado correspondió al inserto GC2015. Se analizaron dos criterios nuevos, el coeficiente de vida útil de la herramienta de corte en relación al volumen de metal cortado y el coeficiente de rugosidad superficial de la pieza mecanizada en relación al volumen de metal cortado. Fueron determinados los modelos de regresión múltiple que permitieron calcular el tiempo de mecanizado de los insertos sin que alcanzaran el límite del criterio de desgaste del flanco. Los modelos desarrollados fueron evaluados por sus capacidades de predicción con los valores medidos experimentalmente. ABSTRACT The continuous improvement of manufacturing processes is critical to achieving optimal levels of productivity, quality and cost in the production of components and products. This is necessary to have models that accurately relate the variables involved in the cutting process. This research aims to determine the influence of the cutting speed and feed on the flank wear of carbide inserts coated by GC1115 and GC2015 and the surface roughness of the workpiece for turning dry high speed steel AISI 316L. Among various scientific methods this study were used of observation, experiment, measurement, statistical and artificial intelligence. The GC1115 insert gets the best result according to the graph of means and multiple regression equations of flank wear for v = 350 m / min, while for the other speeds the GC2015 insert gets the best performance. Two approaches are discussed, the life ratio of the cutting tool relative to the cut volume and surface roughness coefficient in relation to the cut volume. Multiple regression models were determined to calculate the machining time of the inserts without reaching the limit of the criterion flank wear. The developed models were evaluated for their predictive capabilities with the experimentally measured values.