Alcances y limitaciones del tercer pilar de la doctrina de responsabilidad de proteger en la intervención militar de la crisis Libia (2011-2013)

El siguiente trabajo de investigación pretende analizar no solo la manera en la que la Intervención en la crisis Libia (2011-2013) se vio justificada a la luz de lo que establece la Doctrina de R2P, sino también investigar si logró cumplir con los objetivos de la misma. Con tal propósito, se evaluará si la intervención Militar Humanitaria por parte de la OTAN bajo la resolución 1973 del Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU, se justifica desde los objetivos que establece la Doctrina de Responsabilidad de Proteger y cumple parcialmente con los propósitos fundamentales de prevenir, reaccionar y reconstruir en la crisis Libia de 2011- 2013. El método que se utilizará para responder a la pregunta de este estudio de caso, será en su totalidad cualitativo, descriptivo y analítico. En lo que respecta a las fuentes, se usarán fuentes secundarias como artículos académicos y fuentes primarias provenientes de noticias de periódicos, revistas, resoluciones AG y del CS de la ONU.

Sviluppo di sensori elettrochimici per la determinazione di amine biogene e microrganismi patogeni in alimenti di origine animale

La possibilità di monitorare la presenza di residui di farmaci veterinari e contaminanti biologici negli alimenti può trarre beneficio dall’uso di metodi di screening affidabili e di facile utilizzo. A tal fine, sono in fase di sviluppo molteplici applicazioni di biosensori in grado di coniugare sistemi di rilevamento biologico-specifici con trasduttori elettronici o ottici capaci di rilevare, amplificare, elaborare e misurare il segnale derivante dall’interazione tra un substrato costituito da enzimi, anticorpi o apteni e contaminanti ambientali o alimentari. Lo sviluppo di biosensori permette di rilevare la presenza di quantità residuali di un determinato analita in varie matrici sia animali che alimentari. Per questo Progetto di Ricerca sono state messe a punto tecniche di analisi elettrochimiche per rilevare quantitativamente la presenza di istamina e di batteri istaminogeni in campioni di pesce e determinare la presenza di ceppi di Escherichia coli nel latte crudo. Sono stati condotti anche degli studi riguardanti la presenza di residui di farmaci veterinari negli alimenti. Lo scopo di queste ricerche era quello di: • Sviluppare diversi tipi di sensori elettrochimici ed immunoenzimatici e valutare le loro potenzialità come metodi di analisi rapida. • Validare i risultati mediante comparazione con metodi analitici di riferimento. • Avviare uno studio per lo sviluppo di biosensori basato sulla valutazione del rischio

Far muovere, lasciar morire. Analisi delle politiche di confinamento e mobilita dei profughi siriani in Libano.

L’obiettivo di questa analisi è di coniugare la ricostruzione dei processi di assoggettamento che producono i copioni entro cui prende forma la soggettività dei profughi siriani, con la ricostruzione delle problematizzazioni alla base dei sistemi di controllo e gestione della circolazione regolare. Secondo l’UNHCR, tra il 2012 e il 2016 quasi un milione e mezzo di profughi siriani si è stabilita in Libano nel tentativo di sottrarsi all’intensificarsi del conflitto tra il regime di Assad e il fronte variegato di milizie ribelli. Questa popolazione in esilio si è confrontata con le politiche di amministrazione e controllo della loro presenza dispiegate dall’assemblaggio tra istituzioni locali e internazionali: in particolare, i governi libanesi che si sono avvicendati dal 2013 hanno progressivamente implementato interventi di inclusione differenziale della popolazione di profughi, relegandone la maggioranza in uno stato di marginalità e precarietà esistenziale. Di conseguenza, per molti di loro provare ad accedere a forme di mobilità regolare si impone come uno dei pochi percorsi possibili per ottenere il riconoscimento di un livello minimo di esistenza legittima. L’analisi sviluppata in questo elaborato si basa su una ricerca etnografica condotta in Libano nella regione dell’Akkar tra il 2019 e il 2020, a cui è stata associato uno studio dell’infrastruttura tecnico-politica dei Corridoi Umanitari, un programma per la mobilità dei profughi avviato nel biennio 2016-2017, grazie alla collaborazione tra autorità italiane e una serie di associazioni religiose attive in Italia.

Efficacia del trattamento in acqua (Idrokinesiterapia) nei soggetti con diagnosi di osteoartrosi di ginocchio: revisione sistematica della letteratura

Background. One of the most diffused types of arthrities is Knee Osteoarthritis. Among symptoms found correlated to this disorder are: pain, joint stiffness, decresed muscle strenght. All these symptoms lead to a decreased function, difficulty in partcipation in physical activity, and decreased quality of life. Is Hydrotherapy increases strenght and mobility of patients for a better quality of life and society partecipation? Outcome. The aim of this Systematic Review is to verify efficacy of Hydrotherapy on upmentioned factors compared to conservative physical rehabilitation and self physical treatment. Study design. Systematc Review following The preffered Reporting Itemes For Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement checklist [3] Eligibility criteria. Chioice of RCTs which investigate changes in patients’ outcome who suffer from knee osteoarthritis applying Hydrotherapy treatment compared to conservative physical therapy treatment and self physical treatment. Method. Database research: PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial. Results. These reviewed studies show that Hydrotherapy induces improvements comparable with only gym treatment on muscle strenght, and step kinematic parameters, and it’s an ally of reduction of pain. Inaddition, Hydrotherapy is considered more effective physical treatment for knee orsteoarthrtis than the only conservative physical treatment and self physical treatment regarding parameters above mentioned. Conclusion. Hydrotherapy may be a valid alternative compared to only gym treatment, better than self physical treatment in pain relief and increases patients’ general physical health. Key words. Rehabilitation, Hydrotherapy, knee osteoarthritis, aquatic exercise, pain, self care, gait, balance.

Impact of sensor nodes scaling and velocity on handover mechanisms for healthcare wireless sensor networks with mobility support

Health promotion in hospital environments can be improved using the most recent information and communication technologies. The Internet connectivity to small sensor nodes carried by patients allows remote access to their bio-signals. To promote these features the healthcare wireless sensor networks (HWSN) are used. In these networks mobility support is a key issue in order to keep patients under realtime monitoring even when they move around. To keep sensors connected to the network, they should change their access points of attachment when patients move to a new coverage area along an infirmary. This process, called handover, is responsible for continuous network connectivity to the sensors. This paper presents a detailed performance evaluation study considering three handover mechanisms for healthcare scenarios (Hand4MAC, RSSI-based, and Backbone-based). The study was performed by simulation using several scenarios with different number of sensors and different moving velocities of sensor nodes. The results show that Hand4MAC is the best solution to guarantee almost continuous connectivity to sensor nodes with less energy consumption.

Poster abstract: Smart-HOP: a reliable handoff procedure for supporting mobility in wireless sensor networks

This poster abstract presents smart-HOP, a reliable handoff mechanism for mobility support in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This technique relies on a fuzzy logic approach applied at two levels: the link quality estimation level and the access point selection level. We present the conceptual design of smart-HOP and then we discuss implementation requirements and challenges.

Quality-of-service in wireless sensor networks: state-of-the-art and future directions

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are one of today’s most prominent instantiations of the ubiquituous computing paradigm. In order to achieve high levels of integration, WSNs need to be conceived considering requirements beyond the mere system’s functionality. While Quality-of-Service (QoS) is traditionally associated with bit/data rate, network throughput, message delay and bit/packet error rate, we believe that this concept is too strict, in the sense that these properties alone do not reflect the overall quality-ofservice provided to the user/application. Other non-functional properties such as scalability, security or energy sustainability must also be considered in the system design. This paper identifies the most important non-functional properties that affect the overall quality of the service provided to the users, outlining their relevance, state-of-the-art and future research directions.

On a reliable handoff procedure for supporting mobility in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) applications such as patients’ health monitoring in hospitals, location-aware ambient intelligence, industrial monitoring /maintenance or homeland security require the support of mobile nodes or node groups. In many of these applications, the lack of network connectivity is not admissible or should at least be time bounded, i.e. mobile nodes cannot be disconnected from the rest of the WSN for an undefined period of time. In this context, we aim at reliable and real-time mobility support in WSNs, for which appropriate handoff and rerouting decisions are mandatory. This paper1 drafts a mechanism and correspondent heuristics for taking reliable handoff decisions in WSNs. Fuzzy logic is used to incorporate the inherent imprecision and uncertainty of the physical quantities at stake.

Muscular function and functional mobility of faller and non-faller elderly women with osteoarthritis of the knee

Falls are a major concern in the elderly population with chronic joint disease. To compare muscular function and functional mobility among older women with knee osteoarthritis with and without a history of falls, 15 elderly women with a history of falls (74.20 ± 4.46 years) and 15 without a history of falls (71.73 ± 4.73 years) were studied. Muscular function, at the angular speed of 60, 120, and 180º/s, was evaluated using the Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer. The sit-to-stand task was performed using the Balance Master System and the Timed Up and Go test was used to determine functional mobility. After collection of these data, the history of falls was investigated. A statistically significant difference was detected in the time taken to transfer the center of gravity during the sit-to-stand test (means ± SD; non-fallers: 0.35 ± 0.16 s; fallers: 0.55 ± 0.32 s; P = 0.049, Student t-test) and in the Timed Up and Go test (medians; non-fallers: 10.08 s; fallers: 11.59 s; P = 0.038, Mann-Whitney U-test). The results indicated that elderly osteoarthritic women with a history of falls presented altered functional mobility and needed more time to transfer the center of gravity in the sit-to-stand test. It is important to implement strategies to guarantee a better functional performance of elderly patients to reduce fall risks.

Routing protocol enhancement for handling node mobility in wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, the routing algorithms currently available assume that the sensor nodes are stationary. Therefore when mobility modulation is applied to the wireless sensor networks, most of the current routing algorithms suffer from performance degradation. The path breaks in mobile wireless networks are due to the movement of mobile nodes, node failure, channel fading and shadowing. It is desirable to deal with dynamic topology changes with optimal effort in terms of resource and channel utilization. As the nodes in wireless sensor medium make use of wireless broadcast to communicate, it is possible to make use of neighboring node information to recover from path failure. Cooperation among the neighboring nodes plays an important role in the context of routing among the mobile nodes. This paper proposes an enhancement to an existing protocol for accommodating node mobility through neighboring node information while keeping the utilization of resources to a minimum.

Routing Protocol Enhancement for handling Node Mobility in Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks, the routing algorithms currently available assume that the sensor nodes are stationary. Therefore when mobility modulation is applied to the wireless sensor networks, most of the current routing algorithms suffer from performance degradation. The path breaks in mobile wireless networks are due to the movement of mobile nodes, node failure, channel fading and shadowing. It is desirable to deal with dynamic topology changes with optimal effort in terms of resource and channel utilization. As the nodes in wireless sensor medium make use of wireless broadcast to communicate, it is possible to make use of neighboring node information to recover from path failure. Cooperation among the neighboring nodes plays an important role in the context of routing among the mobile nodes. This paper proposes an enhancement to an existing protocol for accommodating node mobility through neighboring node information while keeping the utilization of resources to a minimum.

Routing Protocol Enhancement for handling Node Mobility in Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks, the routing algorithms currently available assume that the sensor nodes are stationary. Therefore when mobility modulation is applied to the wireless sensor networks, most of the current routing algorithms suffer from performance degradation. The path breaks in mobile wireless networks are due to the movement of mobile nodes, node failure, channel fading and shadowing. It is desirable to deal with dynamic topology changes with optimal effort in terms of resource and channel utilization. As the nodes in wireless sensor medium make use of wireless broadcast to communicate, it is possible to make use of neighboring node information to recover from path failure. Cooperation among the neighboring nodes plays an important role in the context of routing among the mobile nodes. This paper proposes an enhancement to an existing protocol for accommodating node mobility through neighboring node information while keeping the utilization of resources to a minimum.

Impact of Node Mobility on Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks monitor their surrounding environment for the occurrence of some anticipated phenomenon. Most of the research related to sensor networks considers the static deployment of sensor nodes. Mobility of sensor node can be considered as an extra dimension of complexity, which poses interesting and challenging problems. Node mobility is a very important aspect in the design of effective routing algorithm for mobile wireless networks. In this work we intent to present the impact of different mobility models on the performance of the wireless sensor networks. Routing characteristics of various routing protocols for ad-hoc network were studied considering different mobility models. Performance metrics such as end-to-end delay, throughput and routing load were considered and their variations in the case of mobility models like Freeway, RPGM were studied. This work will be useful to figure out the characteristics of routing protocols depending on the mobility patterns of sensors

A cross layer protocol based on mac and routing protocols for healthcare applications using Wireless Sensor Networks

Using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in healthcare systems has had a lot of attention in recent years. In much of this research tasks like sensor data processing, health states decision making and emergency message sending are done by a remote server. Many patients with lots of sensor data consume a great deal of communication resources, bring a burden to the remote server and delay the decision time and notification time. A healthcare application for elderly people using WSN has been simulated in this paper. A WSN designed for the proposed healthcare application needs efficient MAC and routing protocols to provide a guarantee for the reliability of the data delivered from the patients to the medical centre. Based on these requirements, A cross layer based on the modified versions of APTEEN and GinMAC has been designed and implemented, with new features, such as a mobility module and routes discovery algorithms have been added. Simulation results show that the proposed cross layer based protocol can conserve energy for nodes and provide the required performance such as life time of the network, delay and reliability for the proposed healthcare application.