Asymmetric Little spin-Glass model

We study the static properties of the Little model with asymmetric couplings. We show that the thermodynamics of this model coincides with that of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, and we compute the main finite-size corrections to the difference of the free energy between these two models and to some clarifying order parameters. Our results agree with numerical simulations. Numerical results are presented for the symmetric Little model, which show that the same conclusions are also valid in this case.

Evidence of aging in spin glass mean-field models

We study numerically the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the hypercubic cell spin glass in high dimensionalities. We obtain evidence of aging effects qualitatively similar both to experiments and to simulations of low-dimensional models. This suggests that the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model as well as other mean-field finite connectivity lattices can be used to study these effects analytically.

Evidence of a critical time in constrained Kinetic Ising models

We study the relaxational dynamics of the one-spin facilitated Ising model introduced by Fredrickson and Andersen. We show the existence of a critical time which separates an initial regime in which the relaxation is exponentially fast and aging is absent from a regime in which relaxation becomes slow and aging effects are present. The presence of this fast exponential process and its associated critical time is in agreement with some recent experimental results on fragile glasses.

Closure of the Monte Carlo dynamical equation in the spherical Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model

We study the analytical solution of the Monte Carlo dynamics in the spherical Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model using the technique of the generating function. Explicit solutions for one-time observables (like the energy) and two-time observables (like the correlation and response function) are obtained. We show that the crucial quantity which governs the dynamics is the acceptance rate. At zero temperature, an adiabatic approximation reveals that the relaxational behavior of the model corresponds to that of a single harmonic oscillator with an effective renormalized mass.

Fragile-glass behavior of a short-range p-spin model

We propose a short-range generalization of the p-spin interaction spin-glass model. The model is well suited to test the idea that an entropy collapse is at the bottom line of the dynamical singularity encountered in structural glasses. The model is studied in three dimensions through Monte Carlo simulations, which put in evidence fragile glass behavior with stretched exponential relaxation and super-Arrhenius behavior of the relaxation time. Our data are in favor of a Vogel-Fulcher behavior of the relaxation time, related to an entropy collapse at the Kauzmann temperature. We, however, encounter difficulties analogous to those found in experimental systems when extrapolating thermodynamical data at low temperatures. We study the spin-glass susceptibility, investigating the behavior of the correlation length in the system. We find that the increase of the relaxation time is accompanied by a very slow growth of the correlation length. We discuss the scaling properties of off-equilibrium dynamics in the glassy regime, finding qualitative agreement with the mean-field theory.

Chaotic, memory, and cooling rate effects in spin glasses: Evaluation of the Edwards-Anderson model

We investigate chaotic, memory, and cooling rate effects in the three-dimensional Edwards-Anderson model by doing thermoremanent (TRM) and ac susceptibility numerical experiments and making a detailed comparison with laboratory experiments on spin glasses. In contrast to the experiments, the Edwards-Anderson model does not show any trace of reinitialization processes in temperature change experiments (TRM or ac). A detailed comparison with ac relaxation experiments in the presence of dc magnetic field or coupling distribution perturbations reveals that the absence of chaotic effects in the Edwards-Anderson model is a consequence of the presence of strong cooling rate effects. We discuss possible solutions to this discrepancy, in particular the smallness of the time scales reached in numerical experiments, but we also question the validity of the Edwards-Anderson model to reproduce the experimental results.

Squared interaction matrix Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model for a spin glass

The mean-field theory of a spin glass with a specific form of nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions is investigated. Depending on the sign of the interaction matrix chosen we find either the continuous replica symmetry breaking seen in the Sherrington-Kirkpartick model or a one-step solution similar to that found in structural glasses. Our results are confirmed by numerical simulations and the link between the type of spin-glass behavior and the density of eigenvalues of the interaction matrix is discussed.

Giant heat dissipation at the low temperature reversible-irreversible transition in Gd5Ge4

The heat exchanged at the low-temperature first-order magnetostructural transition is directly measured in Gd5Ge4 . Results show that the origin and the temperature dependence of the heat exchanged varies with the reversible/irreversible character of the first-order transition. In the reversible regime, the heat exchanged by the sample is mostly due to the latent heat at the transition and decreases with decreasing temperature, while in the irreversible regime, the heat is irreversibly dissipated and increases strongly with decreasing temperature, reaching a value of 237 J/kg at 4 K.

Reply to "Comment on 'Nature and entropy content of the ordering transitions in RCo2'"

In the previous Comment, Forker and co-workers claim that perturbed angular correlation (PAC) data leave no alternative to the conclusion that the spontaneous magnetization of PrCo2 and NdCo2 undergoes a discontinuous, first-order phase transition at TC. We show here that their claim is in clear contradiction with a wealth of experimental evidence, including our own. Finally, we propose a possible origin for the disagreement between their interpretation of the PAC results and the literature on this subject.

Eduard Wechssler (1869-1949): Im Dienste der deutschen Nation

Der Berliner Professor Eduard Wechssler ist einer der wichtigsten und Vertreter der romanistischen „Kultur- und Wesenskunde“ Frankreichs in der Zeit von 1914 bis 1933. Die vorliegende Untersuchung rekonstruiert seine Biographie und Bibliographie und stellt sie in den politischen, intellektuellengeschichtlichen, bildungspolitischen und disziplingeschichtlichen Zusammenhang der Epoche. Sie fragt außerdem nach den Vorstellungen von Frankreich, die Wechssler verbreitete, nach dem Ziel seiner Bemühungen, das „Wesen des Deutschen und des Franzosen“ zu beschreiben und – unabdingbar – nach seiner tatsächlichen Beziehung zum Nationalsozialismus. Das umfassendste Werk Wechsslers, „Esprit und Geist“ (1927), eine Anleitung für Lehrer und Studenten und wichtigster Ausdruck der „Wesenskunde“, findet besondere Beachtung. Sein deklariertes Hauptziel war es, den Nachbarn und durch ihn wiederum sich selbst besser kennen zu lernen, um den Krieg, wenn auch verspätet, wenigstens auf anderem Niveau, doch noch zu gewinnen. „Esprit und Geist“ dient in dieser Studie als Grundlage für die Beschreibung von Genese und Entwicklung der Ideen Wechsslers durch sein schriftliches Gesamtwerk hindurch. Aufschlussreich sind in diesem Zusammenhang auch die Reaktionen auf dieses Buch, z.B. von Henri Lichtenberger, Félix Bertaux, Victor Klemperer, Benedetto Croce, Hermann Platz, Fritz Schalk u.a. Eine ausführliche Darstellung der „Conférences françaises“, zu denen Wechssler zwischen 1926 und 1934 französische Schriftsteller und Philosophen ans Romanische Seminar der Universität Berlin einlud, um den Studenten und sonstigen Interessierten das „junge Frankreich“ nahe zu bringen, zeigt die Bedeutung dieser Veranstaltung im Rahmen des kulturellen Austausches zur Zeit der Weimarer Republik. Abschließend findet Wechsslers Tätigkeit als Leiter des Instituts für Portugal und Brasilien zwischen 1936 und 1939 Erwähnung, das offiziell die Aufgabe hatte, die kulturellen Beziehungen zwischen Portugal und Brasilien auf der einen und Deutschland auf der anderen Seite zu pflegen.