Peter Pan contre le héros victorien : la poétique du recyclage dans le Cycle de Kraven de Xavier Mauméjean

Le Cycle de Kraven de Xavier Mauméjean met en place un réseau référentiel qui repose sur le recyclage systématique d’éléments historiques et littéraires. Afin de bien saisir le fonctionnement de ce cycle narratif, il importe de se pencher sur cette dynamique référentielle exacerbée relevant d’une poétique du recyclage (au sens de réutilisation) qui se manifeste par l’emprunt de nombreux référents historiques et littéraires, que le récit modifie à divers degrés. Au moyen de la notion de recyclage, des travaux sur la récupération de l’Histoire par l’uchronie et d’études sur le steampunk, esthétique dont relève le Cycle de Kraven, ce mémoire examine les effets de ce recyclage sur le fonctionnement du récit, mais aussi sur le lecteur. En effet, par un imposant mélange de références authentiques et fictives, le Cycle de Kraven cherche à mystifier le lecteur qui se trouve au centre d’un fourmillement intertextuel brouillant les frontières entre Histoire et fiction. Une réflexion sur le paratexte vient compléter l’analyse du Cycle de Kraven, puisque préface, notes en bas de page, liste de livres et bon de commande contribuent grandement à la création d’un effet de mystification.

Protease Production by haloarchaea Natrinema sp. BTSH10 isolated from salt pan of South India

The present study led to the recognition of Natrinema sp. BTSH 10 isolated from saltern ponds, as an ideal candidate species for production of gelatinase, which was noted as a halozyme capable of showing enzyme activity in the presence of 15% NaCl. Results obtained during the course of the present study indicated potential for application of this enzyme in industrial catalysis that are performed in the presence of high concentrations of salt. The enzyme characteristics noted with this gelatinase also indicate the scope for probable applications in leather industry, meat tenderization, production of fish sauce and soy sauce. Since halophilic proteases are tolerant to organic solvents, they could be used in antifouling coating preparations used to prevent biofouling of submarine equipments. The gelatinase from haloarchaea could be considered as a probable candidate for peptide synthesis. However, further studies are warranted on this haloarcheal gelatinase particularly on structure elucidation and enzyme engineering to suit a wide range of applications. There is immense scope for developing this halozyme as an industrial enzyme once thorough biochemistry of this gelatinase is studied and a pilot scale study is conducted towards industrial production of this enzyme under fermentation is facilitated. Based on the present study it is concluded that haloarchaea Natrinema sp. that inhabit solar saltern ponds are ideal source for deriving industrially important halozymes and molecular studies on enzymes are prerequisite for their probable industrial applications. This is the first time this species of archaea is recognized as a source of gelatinase enzyme that has potential for industrial applications.

Varying the dietary supply of C and N to manipulate the manure composition of water buffalo heifers in Oman

Optimizing the composition of manure has the potential to reduce nutrient losses to the environment and to increase crop yields. In this study the effect of dietary ratios of carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) to soluble carbohydrates (SC) on faeces composition of water buffalo heifers was assessed. Two digestibility trials were conducted with 12 animals each, fed one control and four test diets composed to achieve (1) high C/N and high NDF/SC ratios (HH), (2) low C/N and low NDF/SC ratios (LL), (3) high C/N and low NDF/SC ratios (HL) and (4) low C/N and high NDF/SC (LH) ratios. Faecal C/N ratios were generally lower than dietary C/N ratios, but the reduction was especially large for high C/N ratio diets (HH=55 %, HL=51 %). Faecal N concentration was positively correlated (r^2 = 0.6; P < 0.001) with N intake, but the increase in faecal N was more pronounced for diets that supplied low amounts of N. Faecal NDF concentration was positively related to NDF intake (r^2 = 0.42; P < 0.001), as well as the faecal C/N ratio (r^2 = 0.3; P < 0.001). Results demonstrate that C/N ratio and NDF concentration of buffalo manure were affected by diet composition. Diets with high C/N ratio and low NDF/SC ratio are preferable with regard to manure quality, but may not satisfy the nutritional requirements of producing animals, since N concentration in these diets was low and fibre concentration simultaneously high.

Swamp buffalo keeping – an out-dated farming activity? A case study in smallholder farming systems in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, PR China

Expansion of rubber tree plantations and agricultural mechanization caused a decline of swamp buffalo numbers in the Naban River National Nature Reserve (NRNNR), Yunnan Province, China. We analysed current use of buffaloes for field work and the recent development of the regional buffalo population, based on interviews with 184 farmers in 2007/2008 and discussions with 62 buffalo keepers in 2009. Three types of NRNNR farms were distinguished, differing mainly in altitude, area under rubber, and involvement in livestock husbandry. While pig based farms (PB; n=37) have abandoned buffalo keeping, 11% of the rubber based farms (RB; n=71) and 100% of the livestock-corn based farms (LB; n=76) kept buffaloes in 2008. Herd size was 2.5 +/-1.80 (n=84) buffaloes in early 2008 and 2.2 +/-1.69 (n=62) in 2009. Field work on own land was the main reason for keeping buffaloes (87.3 %), but lending work buffaloes to neighbours (79.0%) was also important. Other purposes were transport of goods (16.1%), buffalo trade (11.3%) and meat consumption (6.4%). Buffalo care required 6.2 +/-3.00 working hours daily, while annual working time of a buffalo was 294 +/-216.6 hours. The area ploughed with buffaloes remained constant during the past 10 years despite an expansion of land cropped per farm. Although further replacement of buffaloes by tractors occurs rapidly, buffaloes still provide cheap work force and buffer risks on poor NRNNR farms. Appropriate advice is needed for improved breeding management to increase the efficiency of buffalo husbandry and provide better opportunities for buffalo meat sale in the region.

Characteristics, socioeconomic benefits and household livelihoods of beef buffalo and beef cattle farming in Northeast Thailand

Since the Thai economy experiences rapid growth, agricultural systems, i.e. crop-livestock systems, are changing rapidly. On account of these changes, buffalo and cattle production has to be re-examined in terms of performance characteristics and roles of livestock for farm households in order to initiate suitable development programmes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the present characteristics of beef buffalo and beef cattle farms in Northeast Thailand. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, 121 randomly selected beef buffalo and beef cattle farms were interviewed in Nakhon Ratchasima province between October 2007 and May 2008. Both buffaloes and cattle were mostly integrated in mixed crop-livestock systems with medium to large farm sizes (7.9 ha), whereof less than half of the area was used for livestock. Family members were mainly responsible for the different activities of livestock farming and salaried labourers were only found on large-scale farms. The dominant roles of livestock were income generation to build up wealth or savings, the coverage of expected and unexpected expenses and earning of regular and additional income. Another important issue was the improvement of the social status, which increased with herd size. In order to improve farmers’ livelihoods and develop sustainable farming systems in Northeast Thailand the changing economic circumstances of cattle and especially buffalo production should receive more attention of researchers, governmental institutions and stakeholders.

Opportunities and constraints of peri-urban buffalo and dairy cattle systems in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

In the big cities of Pakistan, peri-urban dairy production plays an important role for household income generation and the supply of milk and meat to the urban population. On the other hand, milk production in general, and peri-urban dairy production in particular, faces numerous problems that have been well known for decades. Peri-urban dairy producers have been especially neglected by politicians as well as non-government-organizations (NGOs). Against this background, a study in Pakistan’s third largest city, Faisalabad (Punjab Province), was carried out with the aims of gathering basic information, determining major constraints and identifying options for improvements of the peri-urban milk production systems. For data collection, 145 peri-urban households (HH) engaged in dairy production were interviewed face to face using a structured and pretested questionnaire with an interpreter. For analyses, HH were classified into three wealth groups according to their own perception. Thus, 38 HH were poor, 95 HH well off and 12 HH rich (26.2%, 65.5% and 8.3%, respectively). The richer the respondents perceived their HH, the more frequently they were actually in possession of high value HH assets like phones, bank accounts, motorbikes, tractors and cars. Although there was no difference between the wealth groups with respect to the number of HH members (about 10, range: 1 to 23), the educational level of the HH heads differed significantly: on average, heads of poor HH had followed education for 3 years, compared to 6 years for well off HH and 8 years for rich HH. About 40% of the poor and well off HH also had off-farm incomes, while the percentage was much higher - two thirds (67%) - for the rich HH. The majority of the HH were landless (62%); the rest (55 HH) possessed agricultural land from 0.1 to 10.1 ha (average 2.8 ha), where they were growing green fodder: maize, sorghum and pearl millet in summer; berseem, sugar cane and wheat were grown in winter. Dairy animals accounted for about 60% of the herds; the number of dairy animals per HH ranged from 2 to 50 buffaloes (Nili-Ravi breed) and from 0 to 20 cows (mostly crossbred, also Sahiwal). About 37% (n=54) of the HH did not keep cattle. About three quarters of the dairy animals were lactating. The majority of the people taking care of the animals were family workers; 17.3% were hired labourers (exclusively male), employed by 11 rich and 32 well off HH; none of the poor HH employed workers, but the percentages were 33.7% for the well off and 91.7% for the rich HH. The total number of workers increased significantly with increasing wealth (poor: 2.0; well off:2.5; rich: 3.4). Overall, 69 female labourers were recorded, making up 16.8% of employed workers and one fourth of the HH’s own labourers. Apparently, their only duty was to clean the animals´ living areas; only one of them was also watering and showering the animals. Poor HH relied more on female workers than the other two groups: 27.1% of the workers of poor HH were women, but only 14.8% and 6.8% of the labour force of well off and rich HH were female. Two thirds (70%) of the HH sold milk to dhodis (middlemen) and one third (35%) to neighbours; three HH (2%) did doorstep delivery and one HH (1%) had its own shop. The 91 HH keeping both species usually sold mixed milk (97%). Clients for mixed and pure buffalo milk were dhodis (78%, respectively 59%) and neighbours (28%, respectively 47%). The highest milk prices per liter (Pakistani Rupees, 100 PKR @ 0.8 Euro) were paid by alternative clients (44 PKR; 4 HH), followed by neighbours (40 PKR, 50 HH); dhodis paid lower prices (36 PKR, 99 HH). Prices for pure buffalo and mixed milk did not differ significantly. However, HH obtaining the maximum price from the respective clients for the respective type of milk got between 20% (mixed milk, alternative clients) and 68% (mixed milk, dhodi) more than HH fetching the minimum price. Some HH (19%) reported 7% higher prices for the current summer than the preceding winter. Amount of milk sold and distance from the HH to the city center did not influence milk prices. Respondents usually named problems that directly affected their income and that were directly and constantly visible to them, such as high costs, little space and fodder shortages. Other constraints that are only influencing their income indirectly, e.g. the relatively low genetic potential of their animals due to neglected breeding as well as the short- and long-term health problems correlated with imbalanced feeding and insufficient health care, were rarely named. The same accounts for problems accompanying improper dung management (storage, disposal, burning instead of recycling) for the environment and human health. Most of the named problems are linked to each other and should be addressed within the context of the entire system. Therefore, further research should focus on systematic investigations and improvement options, taking a holistic and interdisciplinary approach instead of only working in single fields. Concerted efforts of dairy farmers, researchers, NGOs and political decision makers are necessary to create an economic, ecological and social framework that allows dairy production to serve the entire society. For this, different improvement options should be tested in terms of their impact on environment and income of the farmers, as well as feasibility and sustainability in the peri-urban zones of Faisalabad.

El instituto, una espacio para la exposición, la creación y la investigación artística.

Proyecto que tiene como objetivos realizar una exposición de arte con material recopilado anteriormente, así como crear una base de datos y fondo bibliográfico sobre el tema, y llevar a cabo una exposición con obras creadas por los propios alumnos constituyendo un elemento dinamizador de un centro rural.

Sugerencias didácticas basadas en la exposición : la ecología en acción, Programa MAB, El hombre y la biosfera.

Fecha tomada del código del documento

Los jóvenes y la cooperación solidaria : exposición itinerante.

El recurso es el catálogo de una exposición itinerante que recoge los 13 paneles de que constaba la misma, además de un expositor computerizado. La exposición trata de dar contenidos a la educación para la cooperación al desarrollo. Los paneles tratan los siguientes temas: un único mundo dividido; un único mundo solidario; el desarrollo humano; el desarrollo: sus consecuencias; una Europa solidaria; el papel de las organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONGs); experiencias de proyectos de cooperación al desarrollo internacional; el papel del voluntariado en la cooperación al desarrollo; la educación para el desarrollo humano(II); el derecho al desarrollo; del presente al futuro del desarrollo humano.

La casa del pan.

Material didáctico dirigido a alumnos de Primer Ciclo de Educación Infantil (5 años), compuesto por fichas de trabajo manual preferentemente (coloreado, recortado) con pequeños textos informativos sobre el proceso de elaboración del pan artesano, sus utensilios e ingredientes.

La seda en Murcia : exposición. Guía didáctica del profesor.

Dibujos de Elvira Navarro Santa-Cruz

San Javier : exposición, la educación en San Javier : aproximación histórica a través de los documentos de archivo.

Título tomado de la cubierta.

Historia de la Escuela Normal masculina de Oviedo en el siglo XIX (1844-1901).

Estudiar la creación, desarrollo y evolución de las Escuelas Normales, como centros específicos de formación de maestros y en especial seguir la evolución de la Escuela Normal de Oviedo. Estudiar la calidad y credibilidad que despertó en la sociedad para la que fue fundada, constatando a través del número de alumnos que se matriculó en la misma. Averiguar si su acción educadora llegó a transcender a la complejidad de los fenómenos sociales, políticos y culturales. La Escuela masculina de Oviedo, en el período que va de 1844 a 1941. Estudio de: los cuatro primeros cursos de la Escuela Normal masculina; los elementos materiales; profesorado; alumnado; elementos funcionales como el currículo, horarios, títulos, etc.; y actividades extraescolares. Documentación de archivos de la Universidad y del Gobierno Civil, de la Escuela Normal, la Diputación, y el Ayuntamiento de Oviedo, el de Avilés y el de Gijón, Boletín Oficial de Oviedo. Legislación sobre escuelas normales. Método histórico y como auxiliar el demográfico. Análisis socieconómico de la procedencia de los alumnos. La escuela interaccionó con la sociedad para la que se creó y fue aceptada por ella. Existe una correlación entre la evolución de la matrícula y las situaciones de depresión (crisis económicas, políticas, epidemias, etc.) por las que atravesó la clase social de la que procedían los alumnos. La enseñanza elemental impartida en esta Escuela, ocupa a un 62 por ciento del total, la enseñanza superior un 10 por ciento. Hay grandes diferencias entre el número de alumnos enviados por unos partidos judiciales y por otros. La larga permanencia en la Escuela del profesorado afectó al estilo del Centro que se hizo más estático y conservador. Principales actividades que la Escuela realizaba al exterior: conferencias pedagógicas y congresos de Pedagogía. La Escuela se desarrolló en un clima de tensiones políticas, crisis económicas e inestabilidad general que afectaban a las clases desfavorecidas de las que procedía el alumnado. Las autoridades mostraron una permanente actitud de olvido e indiferencia. A pesar de las adversas circunstancias la Escuela sobrevivió y se mantuvo sin interrupciones.

Elaboraci??n de : el vino, la sidra, el pan, la matanza, el cesto, la cer??mica

Los autores consideran oportuno y conveniente elaborar temas monogr??ficos para acercar a los ni??os de zonas urbanas al tipo de trabajos objeto del estudio, y a las zonas rurales para que los valoren adecuadamente. Creen que con este trabajo pueden fomentar el inter??s por lo aut??ctono, las tradiciones... El libro adem??s de ser informativo es activo, al final de cada historia tiene un cuestionario para los alumnos y dibujos que se pueden colorear sobre el tema tratado en el cap??tulo. La forma de utilizar este material debe ser globalizada. Los autores son profesoras de Ciclo Inicial del C.P. 'Maestro Casanova' de Cangas del Narcea. Se estudia: la elaboraci??n de la sidra, la del vino, de los cestos, c??mo es la tradici??n de la matanza, la elaboraci??n de la cer??mica negra t??pica de Llamas de Mouro, la producci??n de la leche y la elaboraci??n del pan, todo ello en forma de historia o cuento, se explica la elaboraci??n de productos a partir de materias primas, c??mo, con qu?? y en qu?? consiste la matanza, qu?? productos se elaboran, qu?? utensilios se elaboran..., c??mo se orde??a, qu?? se hace en las centrales lecheras, etc.

Recursos didácticos interactivos en torno a la exposición : chimeneas sin humo : la despoblación en Aragón.

Seleccionado en la convocatoria: Ayudas para proyectos de temática educativa, Gobierno de Aragón 2010-11