Análise de métodos de predição de conforto térmico de habitação em clima quente-úmido com condicionamento passivo

The assessment of building thermal performance is often carried out using HVAC energy consumption data, when available, or thermal comfort variables measurements, for free-running buildings. Both types of data can be determined by monitoring or computer simulation. The assessment based on thermal comfort variables is the most complex because it depends on the determination of the thermal comfort zone. For these reasons, this master thesis explores methods of building thermal performance assessment using variables of thermal comfort simulated by DesignBuilder software. The main objective is to contribute to the development of methods to support architectural decisions during the design process, and energy and sustainable rating systems. The research method consists on selecting thermal comfort methods, modeling them in electronic sheets with output charts developed to optimize the analyses, which are used to assess the simulation results of low cost house configurations. The house models consist in a base case, which are already built, and changes in thermal transmittance, absorptance, and shading. The simulation results are assessed using each thermal comfort method, to identify the sensitivity of them. The final results show the limitations of the methods, the importance of a method that considers thermal radiance and wind speed, and the contribution of the chart proposed

Desempenho térmico de coberturas: Um estudo comparativo entre as telhas de material reciclado, de fibra e betume, fibrocimento e cerâmica

This study aims to compare the thermal performance of tiles made from recycled material (waste packaging cardboard with aluminized film) with the tiles of fiber and bitumen, fiber cement and red ceramic with the aim of verifying the suitability of tile to be used in hot and humid climate of low latitude. The samples were selected according to the availability from Natal - RN market, as they are sold to the consumers. The methodology was based on studies that used experimental apparatus composed of thermal chambers heated by banks of incandescent bulbs, to analyze the thermal performance of materials. The tiles in the study were submitted to analysis of thermal performance, thermophysical properties and absorptance, using chambers of thermal performance, measuring the thermophysical properties and portable spectrometer, respectively. Comparative analysis of thermal performance between two samples of the recycled material with dimple sizes and different amounts of aluminum were made, in order to verify, if these characteristics had some interference on the thermal performance of them; the results showed no significant performance differences between the samples. The data obtained in chambers of thermal performance and confirmed by statistical analysis, showed, that the tile of recycled material have similar thermal performance to the tile of fiber cement. In addition to these tests was carried out the automatic monitoring of a building covered with tiles of recycled material, to verify its thermal performance in a real situation. The results showed that recycled shingles must be used with technical criteria similar to those used for fiber cement tiles, with regard to the heat gain into the building. Within these criteria should be taken into account local characteristics, especially in regions with hot and humid climate, and its use must be associated, according to the literature, to elements of thermal insulation and use of passive techniques such as vented attics, ceilings and right foot higher

Por uma moradia termicamente confortável: proposta de habitação de interesse social com ênfase no conforto térmico

This research covers the topic of social housing and its relation to thermal comfort, so applied to an architectural and urban intervention in land situated in central urban area of Macaíba/RN, Brazil. Reflecting on the role of design and use of alternative building materials in the search for better performance is one of its main goals. The hypothesis is that by changing design parameters and choice of materials, it is possible to achieve better thermal performance results. Thus, we performed computer simulations of thermal performance and natural ventilation using computational fluid dynamics or CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). The presentation of the thermal simulation followed the methodology proposed in the dissertation Negreiros (2010), which aims to find the percentage of the amount of hours of comfort obtained throughout the year, while data analysis was made of natural ventilation from images generated by the images extracted from the CFD. From model building designed, was fitted an analytical framework that results in a comparison between three different proposals for dwellings housing model, which is evaluated the question of the thermal performance of buildings, and also deals with the spatial variables design, construction materials and costs. It is concluded that the final report confirmed the general hypotheses set at the start of the study, it was possible to quantify the results and identify the importance of design and construction materials are equivalent, and that, if combined, lead to gains in thermal performance potential.

O ensino e a investigação do envelhecimento no Algarve

A apresentação foi realizada na Universidade de Málaga, no Congresso do Envelhecimento Ativo e Educação (26 e 27 de Maio de 2016), e tem por objeto a história e as características da formação pós-graduada em Gerontologia Social na Universidade do Algarve, incluindo a investigação desenvolvida sobre o envelhecimento no âmbito desta formação.

Impacto da prevenção quaternária no envelhecimento bem sucedido

"Quaternary prevention is more than a Philosophy , it is a concrete answer and a solution to many complex problems that affect Medicine. In 1981, Illich recognized iatrogenic complications, as clinical, social and cultural. The first, gained such a dimension that has become the third leading cause of death in the U.S. , in 2000 as referred by Starfield. When you live more, much more, you want quality of life and not just life subject of increasing comorbidities, with all the parade of treatments, medications that we already know are not without riscs, far from it, we know that over five drugs per day represent the 50% probability of drug-drug interactions and seven drugs 100 %. In elderly attending the reduction of functional reserve, there is a greater risk of iatrogenic problems, adverse reactions and drug interactions, truly unpredictable , these highly medicalized societies in which are accounted diagnoses instead of investigating patterns of disease. So quaternary prevention reminds us that both preventive and curative care in excess behave as risk factors for health , reaching in the case of using preventive medications, millions of individuals who are confident in Medicine. The idea of extending the use of drugs to healthy populations, as preventive actions, expands the pharmaceutical market, which accounts simultaneously increasing profits and losses in economies around the world. Quaternary prevention itineraries in health and disease, may contribute to successful aging about witch many important authors have spoken on."

Simulação e análise das condições de conforto térmico num espaço típico de escritório com ventilo-convetores

Dissertação de mestrado, Energia e Climatização de Edifícios, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Qualidade do ar interior e conforto térmico : um estudo em espaços de estacionamento em Natal/RN

The recent tendency to utilize parking lots for other purposes has demonstrated that more time has been spent by visitors, mainly in great cities. Therefore, this paper investigates the thermal comfort and the air quality indoors in areas specifically used as parking lots by analyzing the direct relation between such environments and vehicular pollution. The thermal comfort and the quality of air indoors in parking lots with different architectonic typology (ground-floor and underground) are also studied, aiming to contribute to the proposition of suitable new areas designated to human usage. Field research was done, in two distinct periods within different weather conditions (January and July) in, two naturally cooled, parking lots located in Natal - RN. The internal environment agents were measured by using tools for air temperature, humidity, speed and direction; interviews with employees and visitors and chemical analysis through appropriate tools to analyze specific material, carbon monoxide and ozone. The results showed that chemical agents densely concentrate mostly in the closed parking space, aggravated by weather conditions, which dissatisfied the visitors. Still, it was shown that architectonic typology, alongside topographical aspects compromise internal environmental conditions, which increases the retention of pollution, leading to dissatisfactory thermal comfort levels and becoming less suitable for usage by visitors considering air and thermal comfort aspects. Consequently, they are not suitable for human stay due to the poor quality of the indoor air

Compósitos poliméricos a base de fibras de licuri: efeitos da hibridização e do envelhecimento ambiental acelerado

The gradual replacement of conventional materials by the ones called composite materials is becoming a concern about the response of these composites against adverse environmental conditions, such as ultraviolet radiation, high temperature and moist. Also the search for new composite using natural fibers or a blend of it with synthetic fibers as reinforcement has been studied. In this sense, this research begins with a thorough study of microstructural characterization of licuri fiber, as a proposal of alternative reinforcement to polymeric composites. Thus, a study about the development of two composite laminates was done. The first one, involving only the fiber of licuri and the second comprising a hybrid composite based of fiber glass E and the fiber of licuri, in order to know the performance of the fiber when of fiber across the hybridization process. The laminates were made in the form of plates using the tereftálica ortho-polyester resin as matrix. The composite laminate made only by licuri fiber had two reinforcing fabric layers of unidirectional licuri and the hybrid composite had two reinforcing layers of unidirectional licuri fabric and three layers of fiber short glass-E mat. Finally, both laminates was exposed to aging acceleration in order to study the influence of environmental degradation involving the mechanical properties and fracture characteristics thereof. Regarding the mechanical properties of composites, these were determined through uniaxial tensile tests, uniaxial compression and three bending points for both laminates in original state, and uniaxial tensile tests and three bending points after accelerated aging. As regards the study of structural degradation due to aging of the laminates, it was carried out based on microscopic analysis and microstructure, as well as measuring weight loss. The characteristics of the fracture was performed by macroscopic and microscopic (optical and SEM) analysis. In general, the laminated composites based on fiber licuri showed some advantages in their responses to environmental aging. These advantages are observed in the behavior related to stiffness as well as the microstructural degradation and photo-oxidation processes. However, the structural integrity of this laminate was more affected in case the action of uniaxial tensile loads, where it was noted a lower rate of withholding his last resistance property

Percepções de envelhecimento e estado de saúde na relação com o bem-estar psicológico em adultos activos

Este estudo teve como finalidade investigar a relação que as perceções de envelhecimento, o estado de saúde e os sintomas psicopatológicos têm no bem-estar psicológico, tendo em conta a influência de variáveis (moderadoras ou mediadoras) como o apoio social percebido e o estado emocional. Foram equacionadas quatro hipóteses ao longo deste estudo. Uma hipótese geral e que aponta para uma influência do estado de saúde no bem-estar psicológico; a segunda hipótese confirma a moderação do variável apoio social percebido; a terceira hipótese confirma a mediação do variável estado emocional; e a última hipótese confirma a mediação das variável apoio social percebido e estado emocional em conjunto. Para cada hipótese foram analisados os dados sócio-demográficos. Trata-se de um estudo correlacionai, transversal e exploratório, com uma única avaliação. Foi desenvolvido com 200 indivíduos adultos em idade ativa, com idades compreendidas entre os 30 e os 64 anos, de ambos os sexos e residentes em Portugal Continental. No fim são apresentadas algumas limitações deste estudo, bem como os seus aspetos positivos e algumas sugestões para estudos futuros. ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the relationship that perceptions of aging, health status and psychopathological symptoms have on psychological well-being, taking into account the influence of variables (moderating or mediating) as the perceived social support and emotional state. Four cases were dealt with during this study. A general hypothesis and aims to influence health status on psychological well-being; the second hypothesis confirms the moderating variable of perceived social support; the third event confirms the mediating variable of emotional state; and the last hypothesis confirms the mediating variables perceived social support and emotional state together. For each hypothesis we analyzed the socio-demographic dates. This is a correlational study, transversal and exploratory, with a single evaluation. Research was conducted with 200 adults of working age, aged between 30 and 64 years, of both sexes residing in Portugal. ln order to present some limitations of this study as well as its positive aspects and some suggestions for future studies.

Contributos do teatro para o envelhecimento cri(ativo)

Dissertação de Mestrado, Gerontologia Social, Escola Superior de Educação e Comunicação, Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

Significações de envelhecimento, variáveis relacionais subjectivas e bem-estar psicológico em idosos

O presente estudo pretendia avaliar se as perceções de envelhecimento teriam influência no bem-estar psicológico dos idosos. Procurou-se compreender qual o efeito da influência (moderação ou mediação), das variáveis relacionais subjetivas: apoio social, religiosidade, perceção de saúde e estado emocional. O estudo foi realizado numa amostra portuguesa de 150 idosos, com idades compreendidas entre os 65 e os 99 anos. Foram utilizados dez instrumentos de avaliação. Os resultados mostram, que as perceções de envelhecimento, conjuntamente com a avaliação que as pessoas fazem do seu estado de saúde e dos sintomas psicopatológicos, predizem de forma significativa, a perceção do seu bem-estar psicológico. O apoio social e a religiosidade, são variáveis mediadoras, enquanto, a ansiedade existencial e o estado emocional, são moderadoras. Podemos verificar que existem diferenças significativas entre as diversas variáveis sócio-demográficas. Com o aumento da esperança de vida, pretende-se que este estudo contribua para a compreensão das dimensões pessoais intra e interindividuais do envelhecimento. ABSTRACT: The present study it intended to assess whether the perceptions of aging will impact on psychological well-being of the elderly. We tried to understand, what effect the influence (moderation or mediation), the relational subjective variables: social support, religiosity, health perception and emotional state. The study was conducted in a Portuguese sample of 150 elderly people, aged between 65 and 99 years. Ten instruments were used for evaluation. The results show that perceptions of aging, jointly with the assessment that people make in their state of health and psychopathology predict significantly the perception of their psychological well-being. Social support and religiosity, are mediating variables, while the existential anxiety and emotional state, they are moderating. We can see that there are significant differences between the various socio-demographic variables. With the increase of the life hope, it is intended that this study contributes to the understanding of intra and inter-personal dimensions of aging.

Estudo da molhabilidade de tecidos 100% poliéster tratados em plasma N2/O2 em função do seu envelhecimento natural

This work reports the influence of the poly (ethylene terephthalate) textile surface modification by plasmas of O2 and mixtures (N2 + O2), on their physical and chemical properties. The treatment was carried out in a vacuum chamber. Some parameters remained constant during all treatment, such as: Voltage 470 V; Pressure 1,250 Mbar; Current: 0, 10 A and gas flow: 10 cm3/min. Other parameters, such as working gas composition and treatment time, were modified as the following: to the O2 plasma modified samples only the treatment time was changed (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes). To the plasma with O2 and N2 only the chemical concentrations were changed. Through Capillary tests (vertical) an increase in textile wettability was observed as well as its influence on aging time and its consequence on wettability. The surface functional groups created after plasma treatments were investigated using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The surface topography was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Determinação do perfil térmico em amostras de aço AISI M35 imersas em plasma

The heat transfer between plasma and a solid occurs mostly due the radiation and the collision of the particles on the material surface, heating the material from the surface to the bulk. The thermal gradient inside the sample depends of the rate of particles collisions and thermal conductivity of the solid. In order to study that effect, samples of AISI M35 steel, with 9,5 mm X 3,0 mm (diameter X thickness) were quenched in resistive furnace and tempereds in plasma using the plane configuration and hollow cathode, working with pressures of 4 and 10 mbar respectively. Analyzing the samples microstructure and measuring the hardness along the transversal profile, it was possible to associate the tempered temperature evaluating indirectly the thermal profile. This relation was obtained by microstructural analyzes and through the hardness curve x tempered sample temperature in resistive furnace, using temperatures of 500, 550, 600, 650 and 700°C. The microstructural characterization of the samples was obtained by the scanning electron microscopy, optic microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It was verified that all samples treated in plasma presented a superficial layer, denominated affected shelling zone, wich was not present in the samples treated in resistive furnace. Moreover, the samples that presented larger thermal gradient were treated in hollow cathode with pressure of 4 mbar

Envelhecimento das pessoas com dificuldade intelectual e desenvolvimental, DID : avaliação das competências psicomotoras de gerontes com DID

Artigo 1: Nos últimos 40 anos, a população idosa portuguesa duplicou, correspondendo a 16.7% da população total, prevendo-se que este índice venha a aumentar. De igual modo, o envelhecimento nos indivíduos com Dificuldade Intelectual e Desenvolvimental (DID) aumentou de uma forma considerável e segundo os Censos de 2011, 45.2% da população com DID tem idades entre os 45-90 anos, devido aos recentes avanços da tecnologia/medicina e das mudanças no estilo de vida, que permitiram um aumento da esperança média de vida (EMV) deste subgrupo populacional. Esta nova questão social trouxe repercussões significativas para as instituições, famílias e para os prestadores de cuidados, que passam a necessitar de recursos que contemplem o novo grupo populacional, os Gerontes com DID, i.e., serviços que não estejam segmentados e especializados para estes dois grupos populacionais, considerando-os como distintos. Na intervenção, em geral, e na intervenção psicomotora, em particular, é fundamental que se conheça o processo de envelhecimento nas pessoas com DID, para responder às novas necessidades e desafios emergentes decorrentes do mesmo. Desta forma, este artigo foca o processo de envelhecimento psicomotor desta população para uma melhor adequação dos programas a implementar, visando a melhoria das competências psicomotoras, aumento da autonomia e participação na comunidade. Artigo 2: O presente estudo apresenta como objetivo a avaliação das competências psicomotoras de gerontes com Dificuldade Intelectual e Desenvolvimental (DID), justificado pelo aumento considerável do seu tempo médio de vida, pela escassez de recursos direcionados e adequados e pelo desconhecimento das características psicomotoras do mesmo, durante o processo de envelhecimento. Foram divididos 118 gerontes, entre os 45 e os 94 anos (67.68 ± 13.09) em três grupos: 39 sem diagnóstico definido, 41 com doença de Alzheimer (DA) e 38 com DID e avaliados pelo Exame Geronto Psicomotor, que permitiu a definição dos seus perfis psicomotores. Na comparação dos grupos em estudo constatou-se as diferenças entre os grupos com DID/DA e os seus pares típicos na generalidade dos domínios, tal como seria expectável, apesar de ainda pouco se conhecer sobre a relação DA vs. DID. Recomenda-se, então, uma investigação mais detalhada, para intervenções individualizadas de qualidade e ainda uma possível adaptação do instrumento à DID.

Análise bioclimática e investigação do conforto térmico em ambientes externos: uma experiência no bairro de Petrópolis em Natal/RN

This study was intended to investigate how the urban form has been influencing the changes in the climate of the city and make a correlation between the climate and the thermal sensation of the users of open spaces. The research was developed in the district of Petrópolis in Natal/ RN whose occupation has been almost consolidated. Among other reasons, this district was selected because it was planned considering the environmental aspects of comfort. The methodologies used are based on KATZSCHNER (1997) and OLIVEIRA (1988) studies, which suggest the drawing and analysis of maps of the area under study, including topography, height of the buildings, land use, green areas, and types of soil pavement, as well as measurement of the environmental variables: air temperature, relative humidity, direction and wind speed for a comparative study. As part of this, study local users of the district were interviewed about their thermal sensations in open spaces. For the statistical analysis, data was collected at 10 distinct points characterized by BUSTOS ROMERO (2002), being 8 within the district and 2 at different places (outside the district), at climatologic stations, in 3 periods (August/2000, January/2002 and June/2002), for 4 consecutive days for each measurement (from Sunday to Wednesday) at the time of lower and higher temperatures in the city, 6:00 am and 1:00 pm, respectively. At the same time interviews were carried out with users of the open spaces in the area, totaling 171 valid formularies. The urban form showed a rather leveled topography, great diversity of land use and height of the buildings, with the existence of an area mostly occupied with high buildings, very little green area and soil practically impermeable. The statistical analysis showed high temperature and humidity levels. The wind direction is predominantly Southeast with extremely variable speeds. When the data from this district is compared with the data from other areas in the city and its outskirt, it was observed that this district is hotter and less ventilated than the others; besides, most users said that they felt uncomfortable in the local environmental conditions. The results of the analysis generated a zoning for the district with recommendations for soil occupation. The profile of the user was defined regarding the thermal comfort, as well as some discussion about the comfort parameters, including the proposal of limiting areas of temperature and humidity for the thermal comfort in the open spaces