Aproximación a la biogeografía del sector Setabense (provincia Catalano-Valenciano-Provenzal)

Se realiza una propuesta de división en subsectores del sector Setabense (Provincia biogeográfica Catalano- Valenciano-Provenzal). Las unidades reconocidas son: 1 subsector Valenciano;2 subseetor Enguerina-Cofrentino; 3 subsector Ayorano-Villenense; 4 subsector Alcoyano-Diánico. Para cada uno de ellos se aporta una breve descripción y caracterización de su flora, vegetación, paisaje vegetal, suelos, bioclimatología, usos del territorio, etc. Además se proponen dos nuevas combinaciones taxonómicas: Asperula paui Font Quer subsp. dianensis (Font Quer) de la Torre, Alcaraz & Crespo y Linaria depauperata Leresehe ex Lange subsp. hegelmaieri (Lange) de la Torre, Alcaraz & Crespo, y se valida la combinación Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi (L.) Sprengel subsp. crassifol¡a (Br.-Bl.) Rivas-Martínez ex de la Torre, Alcaraz & Crespo.

Datos sobre la vegetación del subsector Aljíbico (provincia Gaditano-Onubo-Algarviense)

Se estudian las principales cornunidades que constituyen el paisaje vegetal del subsector Aljíbico, describiendo dos nuevas asociaciones: Equiseto-Salicetum pedicellatae y Caricetum mauritanicae. Se proponen asimismo diversas subasociaciones en otras comunidades descritas anter¡ormente.

Datos sobre la vegetación del valle del río Bidasoa (España)

Se hace una descripción de las cinco series de vegetación que constituyen el paisaje vegetal de la cuenca del rio Bidasoa en Navarra (norte de España) y se aportan tablas fitosocíologicas de las comunidades que representan la etapa madura de cada serie asi como una tabla de los brezale sdel territorio. Se describen en ellas dos nuevas subasociaciones Polytricho setiferi-Fraxinetum excelsioris carpinetosum betuli y Tamo communis-Quercetum roboris fagetosum sylvticae.

Ecología y fitosociologia del ecótono de dos jarales de Cistion laurilfolii de la Sierra de Guadarranma (España)

Se describe la subasociación Rosmarino-Cistetum ladaniferi cistetosum cyprii. que representa el ecótono entre Rosmarino-Cistetum ladaniferi y Santolino-Cistetum laurifolii. La ecología del nuevo sintaxon se ha estudiado seleccionando dos grupos de parcelas que comprenden representantes de las tres unidades fítosociológicas, y sobre las que se han efectuado medidas de temperatura y humedad edáficas bajo la cubierta vegetal a lo largo del año, así como de distintos aspectos microclimáticos a lo largo de un día tipo. El carácter de transición de la nueva subasociación ha quedado puesto de manifiesto tanto para el factor térmico como hídrico.

Mapa de las Series de Vegetación de la Cuenca Alta del Río Bernesga (León)

In this paper, the vegetal landscape from higher part of Bernesga river (León province) by means of several climatophilous and edaphophilous vegetation series. A mapa of vegetasion series from higher part of Bernesga rrver is presenled.

Brassica oleracea L. distribution and ecology in the Iberian atlantic coasts

The distribution and ecology of Brassica oleracea in the atlantic coasts of Iberian Peninsule are studied. A new association or nitrified maritime cliffs is described: Crithmo-Brassicetum oleraceae. This community has been included in the Alliance Crithmo-Armerion due to the high presence of halophitic species.

11. La homonimia de Carici sylvaticae-Fagetum

El nombre Carici sylvaticae-Fagetum (sylvaticae) (Rivas-Martínez 1965) C. Navarro 1982 [Contribución al estudio de la flora y la vegetación del Duranguesado y la Busturia (Vizcaya): 81-82. Ed. Univ. Complutense, Madrid] fue propuesto para designar los hayedos basófilos de territorios orocantábricos y cántabro-euskaldunes, en sustitución del ilegítimo (Art. 34) Melico (uniflorae)-Fagetum cantabricum Rivas-Martínez 1965 [Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 22: 383].

12. On the nomenclature of the western Orocantabrian evergreen-oak forests

The syntaxonomical separation of two associations of evergreen-oak forests in the Cantabrian mountain range (Orocantabrian and Cantabrian-Atlantic biogeographical Provinces) has recently been contemplated.

15. Notas nomenclaturales sobre la vegetación del norte de la Península Ibérica, I

Notas nomenclaturales sobre la vegetación del norte de la Península Ibérica, I

16. Myrrhido-Valerianetum pyrenaicae versus Chaerophyllo hirsuti-Valerianetum pyrenaicae

Myrrhido-Valerianetum pyrenaicae versus Chaerophyllo hirsuti-Valerianetum pyrenaicae

17. Nuevos nombres para dos subasociaciones de Poo bulbosae-Trifolietum subterranei Rivas Goday 1964

Nuevos nombres para dos subasociaciones de Poo bulbosae-Trifolietum subterranei Rivas Goday 1964.

Validating the Valencian association Centaureo rouyi-Cistetum albidi.

The name Cenzaureo rouyi-Cisteuon albidi Costa & Pérez Lilia, invalidly published due to the ommission of the nomenclatural type, is validated here.

Chemical composition and pharmacological activities of essential oils of Lavandula spp.

Lavandula spp. belong to the family Lamiatae and some species are often used in popular medicine and have been used for centuries in a large number of medical applications and in aromatherapy. Although similar ethnobotanical properties of Lavandula spp., its essential oils, general chemical composition and therapeutic applications differ from different species. Lavandula stoechas L. subsps. luisieri (Rozeira) Rozeira and L. viridis L’Hér are endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, widespread in the South of Portugal, namely in Southern Alentejo and Algarve. The aim of our study was evaluate the chemical composition and toxicological and pharmacological activities of leaves essential oils of spontaneous plants of L. stoechas L. subsps. luisieri (Alentejo) and L. viridis (Algarve). The essential oils of these wild plants, collected in spring, were obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and its chemical composition was evaluated by GC/FID. The acute toxicity of essential oils was evaluated "in vitro" using brine shrimp (LC50) and "in vivo" using Swiss mice (DL50). The analgesic and anti-inflammatory pharmacological properties of L. stoechas subsp. luisieri essential oil were evaluated in mouse or rats by the Amour-Smith and carrageen-induced paw edema tests, respectively. Results showed important differences in chemical composition of essential oils from two species analyzed either to diversity and proportion of its constituents. The essentials oils showed citotoxicity against Artemia salina and a DL50 higher than 2000 mg/kg for mice. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils were exhibit for the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg.

ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SCHINUS MOLLE L. ESSENTIAL OILS

Schinus molle L. is commonly known as pink pepper or American pepper, of Anacardiaceae family, from subtropical regions of South America, introduced and naturalized in South Europe, including Portugal. In folk medicine, plant extracts and essential oil has related as having antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, antispasmodic, analgesic and antidepressive properties. The aim of present study was to evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil extracted from leaves and fruits of S. molle. For this purpose, the essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC/FID) and antioxidant properties were evaluated by the free radical DPPH and by system β-carotene/linoleic acid methods. The antimicrobial activities were screened against pathogenic bacteria and fungi and food spoiling fungi by the disc diffusion assay and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for sensitive strains. Toxicity of essential oils were carried out by the brine shrimp mortality test (EC50) and acute lethal dose (DL50) determination after oral administration in Swiss mice The major components in leaf essential oil were α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene and limonene, while myrcene, α-phellandrene and 1,8-cineole are the main components in the fruit essential oil. The essential oils of leaf and fruit of S. molle showed antioxidant activity through the two mechanisms: the ability to capture free radicals and protection of lipid peroxidation. These oils exhibited also a broad microbial activity spectrum, against pathogenic bacteria Gram-positive and Gram-negative and Candida spp. The fruit essential oil showed high cytotoxicity against Artemia salina. Essential oils of leaves and fruits of S. molle showed significant antioxidant and microbial properties, so the studies continue to clarify more in deep its toxicity, including hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, and to evaluate its medicinal or nutraceutical potential.

SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF SALINITY ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF YOUNG OLIVE TREES OF ARBEQUINA, COBRANÇOSA AND GALEGA VARIETIES

SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF SALINITY ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF YOUNG OLIVE TREES OF ARBEQUINA, COBRANÇOSA AND GALEGA VARIETIES Ana Elisa Rato1,4, Renato Coelho1, Margarida Vaz1, Teresa Carola2, Dália Barbosa2, Nádia Silva1, José dos Santos2, Lourenço Machado2, João Godinho2, Luzia Ruas2, Margarida Barradas2, Hernani Pereira2, Sara Porfírio4 1 ICAAM, Universidade de Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal 2 Master students, Universidade de Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal 3 Ph.D. student, Universidade de Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal 4 aerato@uevora.pt Due to the desertification in some regions, the interest in plant’s tolerance to salinity has been increasing, as this response is determining for plant survival in stress conditions. This work reports the investigation of tolerance to salt in two year-old olive trees (Olea europaea L.) of three varieties, Arbequina, Cobrançosa and Galega vulgar. Plants were grown in 10 L plastic pots containing approximately 9 Kg of a sandy granitic soil, on a greenhouse. For 3 months (from the beginning of February to the end of April 2012), they were subjected to three levels of salinity in the irrigation water, 0 mM, 80 mM and 200 mM NaCl (6 plants per salinity level in a total of 18 plants of each variety),. Stomatal conductance (gs) and relative leaf chlorophyll content were assessed on each plant in February, March and April. Mid-day leaf water potential () and soil salinity were measured at the end of the experiment (April). On average, concerning all treatments and dates of determination, stomatal conductance of Arbequina and Galega vulgar was quite similar, around 40 mmol m-2 s-1, but Cobrançosa had a value of gs 36% higher, almost 50% higher (61 mmol m-2 s-1) when compared with the controls (0 mM salt) of the other two varieties. In percentage of controls, there was little difference in gs between varieties and between salinities during February and March. In contrast, in April, after about 90 days of exposure to salt, there was a clear decrease in gs with salt irrigation, proportional to salt concentration. Compared with controls, plants irrigated with 200 mM salt showed around 80% (Arbequina) or 85% (Cobrançosa and Galega vulgar) decrease in gs. Chlorophyll content of leaves showed less than 5% difference between varieties on the average of all treatments and dates of determination. During the course of this experiment, the salinity levels used did not show any relevant effect on chlorophyll content. Overall, at the end of the experimental period (April), leaf water potential () at midday was significantly higher in Cobrançosa (-1,4 MPa) than in Galega vulgar (-1,7 MPa) or Arbequina (-1,8 MPa), and salt decreased  of control plants (-1,25 MPa) by an average 30% (with 80 mM) and 65% (with 200 mM). At the end of the experiment, salinity in the soil irrigated with 0 mM, 80 mM or 200 mM NaCl was, on average of all varieties, 0,2 mS, 1,0 mS or 2,0 mS, respectively. Soil salinity was quite similar in Arbequina and Galega vulgar but about 35% lower in the pots of Cobrançosa, on average of all salt-irrigation levels. Plants of Cobrançosa had higher stomatal conductance, however they showed higher water potential and lower salinity in the soil. These apparently contradictory results seem to suggest that Cobrançosa responds to salt differently from the other two varieties. This issue needs further investigation.