Transformation to "high grade" neuroendocrine carcinoma as an acquired drug resistance mechanism in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma.

Several different acquired resistance mechanisms of EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy have been described, most recently transformation to small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). We describe the case of a 46-year-old female with relapsed EGFR exon 19 deletion lung adenocarcinoma treated with erlotinib, and on resistance, cisplatin-pemetrexed. Liver rebiopsy identified an afatinib-resistant combined SCLC and non-small cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine morphology, retaining the EGFR exon 19 deletion. This case highlights acquired EGFR-TKI resistance through transformation to the high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma spectrum and that that such transformation may not be evident at time of progression on TKI therapy.

Insights into the multistep transformation of MGUS to myeloma using microarray expression analysis.

To define specific pathways important in the multistep transformation process of normal plasma cells (PCs) to monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM), we have applied microarray analysis to PCs from 5 healthy donors (N), 7 patients with MGUS, and 24 patients with newly diagnosed MM. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering using 125 genes with a large variation across all samples defined 2 groups: N and MGUS/MM. Supervised analysis identified 263 genes differentially expressed between N and MGUS and 380 genes differentially expressed between N and MM, 197 of which were also differentially regulated between N and MGUS. Only 74 genes were differentially expressed between MGUS and MM samples, indicating that the differences between MGUS and MM are smaller than those between N and MM or N and MGUS. Differentially expressed genes included oncogenes/tumor-suppressor genes (LAF4, RB1, and disabled homolog 2), cell-signaling genes (RAS family members, B-cell signaling and NF-kappaB genes), DNA-binding and transcription-factor genes (XBP1, zinc finger proteins, forkhead box, and ring finger proteins), and developmental genes (WNT and SHH pathways). Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of MM by gene expression profiling has demonstrated sequential genetic changes from N to malignant PCs and highlighted important pathways involved in the transformation of MGUS to MM.

Peace Building and Conflict Transformation: A Case Study of Northern Ireland

This paper provides an overview of the transition from armed conflict to peace in Northern Ireland between 1994 and 2016. It discusses the main stages of the peace process and the main elements of the peace Agreement in relation to the development of global thinking around peacebuilding as set out in the United Nations 1992 report Agenda for Peace and the 2000 Brahimi Report. The paper argues that while Northern Ireland is often highlighted as a positive example of peacebuilding, it is not without its limitations and overall the experience of the past twenty years emphasises the importance of ensuring a broadly inclusive process and the need for a sustained commitment over a long period of time. 

Anförande: Pressed for time : The digital transformation of everyday life

Sociologisk Forsknings digitala arkiv

Neoliberalismus, Transformation und Aberglaube : der Rationalisierungsmythos und die Magie des Geldes

Jakob Fruchtmann ; für die Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. Barbara Dippelhofer-Stiem, Prof. Dr. Heiko Schrader ; Redaktion: Till Krenz, M.A.

The Ideological Transformation of the Icon Chairman Mao during the Four Modernisations period : As illustrated by "Melody of Youth, Beautiful Soul"

After Chairman Mao's death, in the late 1980's, Mao was removed from official government communications and his iconography transformed from having a specific meaning generation role linked to Maoist ideology, to becoming available for use as a commodity. In this research I use cultural theorist Jacques Derrida's theory of Hauntology and the deconstruction method to analyse a representative Chinese Propaganda poster, "Melody of Youth, Beautiful Soul", in order to ascertain the effect Mao's death had on the Iconography of Chairman Mao, and how Mao is ideologically transformed during this period. Analysing the painting I found specific symbols associated with the iconography of Mao that had been adopted and transformed for the purposes of the CCP. These symbols both suggested the presence of Chairman Mao, as well as negated that presence through being co-opted for other purposes. Using these symbols and writings about the period I deduced that during this period the CCP had to rely on existing symbols of power and authority in order to communicate and legitimise regime change whilst maintaining the semblance of continuity. At the same time they had to decouple these symbols from their original meanings in order to distance themselves from the past and redefine the ideology of China. In the process, Mao's iconography was decoupled from its Maoist ideological heritage and transformed into abstract symbols of power, doctrine and so on. This means that the transformation had made them available to use as an "open basket" into which new, related meanings could be placed – including serving as a commodity.

Three horizons: a pathways practice for transformation

Global environmental change requires responses that involve marked or qualitative changes in individuals, institutions, societies, and cultures. Yet, while there has been considerable effort to develop theory about such processes, there has been limited research on practices for facilitating transformative change. We present a novel pathways approach called Three Horizons that helps participants work with complex and intractable problems and uncertain futures. The approach is important for helping groups work with uncertainty while also generating agency in ways not always addressed by existing futures approaches. We explain how the approach uses a simple framework for structured and guided dialogue around different patterns of change by using examples. We then discuss some of the key characteristics of the practice that facilitators and participants have found to be useful. This includes (1) providing a simple structure for working with complexity, (2) helping develop future consciousness (an awareness of the future potential in the present moment), (3) helping distinguish between incremental and transformative change, (4) making explicit the processes of power and patterns of renewal, (5) enabling the exploration of how to manage transitions, and (6) providing a framework for dialogue among actors with different mindsets. The complementarity of Three Horizons to other approaches (e.g., scenario planning, dilemma thinking) is then discussed. Overall, we highlight that there is a need for much greater attention to researching practices of transformation in ways that bridge different kinds of knowledge, including episteme and phronesis. Achieving this will itself require changes to contemporary systems of knowledge production. The practice of Three Horizons could be a useful way to explore how such transformations in knowledge production and use could be achieved.

Resilience and development: mobilizing for transformation

In 2014, the Third International Conference on the resilience of social-ecological systems chose the theme “resilience and development: mobilizing for transformation.” The conference aimed specifically at fostering an encounter between the experiences and thinking focused on the issue of resilience through a social and ecological system perspective, and the experiences focused on the issue of resilience through a development perspective. In this perspectives piece, we reflect on the outcomes of the meeting and document the differences and similarities between the two perspectives as discussed during the conference, and identify bridging questions designed to guide future interactions. After the conference, we read the documents (abstracts, PowerPoints) that were prepared and left in the conference database by the participants (about 600 contributions), and searched the web for associated items, such as videos, blogs, and tweets from the conference participants. All of these documents were assessed through one lens: what do they say about resilience and development? Once the perspectives were established, we examined different themes that were significantly addressed during the conference. Our analysis paves the way for new collective developments on a set of issues: (1) Who declares/assign/cares for the resilience of what, of whom? (2) What are the models of transformations and how do they combine the respective role of agency and structure? (3) What are the combinations of measurement and assessment processes? (4) At what scale should resilience be studied? Social transformations and scientific approaches are coconstructed. For the last decades, development has been conceived as a modernization process supported by scientific rationality and technical expertise. The definition of a new perspective on development goes with a negotiation on a new scientific approach. Resilience is presently at the center of this negotiation on a new science for development.

Revitalisation de la résilience urbaine de la Ville de Sherbrooke via une transformation de sa mobilité citoyenne

L’objectif de cet essai est de déterminer comment la mobilité des citoyens de la Ville de Sherbrooke pourrait être transformée pour réduire la dépendance aux combustibles fossiles tout en améliorant le potentiel de résilience urbaine de sa communauté. La résilience urbaine est un concept gagnant en popularité dans le discours qui accompagne le développement durable. Elle permet aux sociétés de mieux s’adapter et se transformer face aux crises qu’elles sont vouées à vivre dans un contexte environnemental, social et économique changeant. La poursuite d’une résilience urbaine plus forte est d’autant plus pertinente face aux enjeux énergétiques et climatiques pressants. La récolte de pistes de solution menant à une plus faible dépendance au pétrole par l’expérimentation d’une approche participative conviant des parties prenantes intéressées par les transports urbains de Sherbrooke est un sous-objectif de l’essai. Les méthodes de planification participative sont d’ailleurs réputées pour favoriser la mise en œuvre de projets au sein des communautés par l’engagement citoyen qu’elles suscitent, en plus d’adopter une approche plus systémique face aux problématiques environnementales. L’analyse des pistes de solutions récoltées démontre que la résilience urbaine de Sherbrooke peut être revitalisée via la mise en œuvre conjointe de celles-ci. Effectivement, l’idée de développer un système de transport collectif basé sur des énergies alternatives au pétrole complète les trois autres pistes de solution. Ces dernières étant de mettre en place des mesures incitatives au sein des organisations sherbrookoises pour la promotion du transport actif chez les employés, de prioriser la marche et le vélo sur l’ensemble des rues de la ville et de densifier l’aménagement urbain au profit des transports actifs et des commerces de proximité. Trois grandes recommandations peuvent donc être faites pour la communauté sherbrookoise afin de faciliter la mise en œuvre de ces solutions et augmenter son potentiel de résilience urbaine. Premièrement, la Ville de Sherbrooke pourrait mettre en place un programme de soutien à la création d’éco-quartiers afin de faciliter la priorisation des transports actifs et la densification urbaine. Deuxièmement, les décideurs sont invités à utiliser davantage des approches de planification participative au sein de leurs processus décisionnels afin d’adopter une approche plus systémique et prendre plus en considération les opinions citoyennes. Finalement, la ville pourrait joindre le mouvement « vélosympathique » de Vélo Québec et récompenser les organisations sherbrookoises qui mettent en place des incitatifs pour encourager le transport actif chez leurs employés.

Les états de transformation dans une installation à partir de la matrice-tableau

Ce mémoire propose de retracer un parcours sur l’expérience du processus, mes essais en productions et en diffusion. Développé en trois parties, il décrit d’abord mes premières impressions perceptuelles des oeuvres, ensuite les différentes étapes qui auront ponctué ma recherche-création. Attentive à ce qui se passe en dehors des ateliers et des centres de diffusion en arts visuels, mes écrits sont teintés de mes expériences de diffusion et de création dans les lieux urbains et même, dans le dernier mois, dans le paysage naturel. J’explore mes méthodes de recherche-création instinctive et les différentes facettes entre les thèmes de la tension et de l’abandon. Je m’intéresse à la perception de ces mondes, à leurs cohabitations, à ce qu’ils produisent dans l’oeuvre finale et même, à l’expérience de mon propre corps. Je traiterai également du médium vidéo et de la valeur de l’image en comparaison aux autres médiums exploités, un ensemble d’oeuvres qui matérialisent une certaine temporalité de l’image en mouvement, où l’expérience à vivre est celle de l’instant suspendu ou une vision renouvelée du temps qui passe.

La transformation de l'espace rural, l'industrialisation et les relations ville-campagne entre Coaticook et les cantons de Barnston et de Barford, 1853-1921

Cette étude des relations ville-campagne prolonge la réflexion amorcée à la suite d'un cours d'histoire régionale que donna Peter Southam. Ayant choisi d'analyser le développement économique de Coaticook dans une perspective strictement urbaine, je fis la découverte d'une carte qui se présenta comme une véritable révélation puisqu'elle traduisait toute la problématique sous-jacente à un espace polarisé. En effet, on pouvait découvrir, face à l'unité distincte de Coaticook, deux structures identiques, les municipalités de cantons de Barnston et de Barford, représentant, grâce à la présence des réseaux hydrographiques, routiers et ferroviaires, un terrain d'application idéale pour l'analyse des relations ville-campagne. De là est né notre intérêt d'analyser, dans un contexte ville-campagne, les fonctions de relations des deux entités spatiales en présence, l'une urbaine, l'autre rurale, évoluant en interaction toutes deux dans le cadre des Cantons de l'Est, région qui est elle-même étroitement intégrée à l'économie continentale nord-américaine. Au-delà de cette insertion à un espace économique plus vaste, notre étude se doit d'abord de rendre compte de la spécificité des deux entités spatiales. Le choix spatial de notre thèse est arbitraire et ne repose pas, par exemple, sur la zone d'influence de Coaticook bien que, et c'est là une des hypothèses que nous démontrerons plus tard, il est certain que le rayonnement de Coaticook dans un espace polarisé ne s'est pas limité aux cantons de Barnston et de Barford. Par ailleurs, si nous privilégions comme cadre spatial d'analyse l'échelle du territoire urbain et celle du canton selon leurs limites administratives respectives, nous envisagerons également l'échelle de la communauté villageoise comme l'un des axes principaux du rapport ville-campagne. Les divisions administratives ne s'étendant qu'à deux localités rurales (Dixville et Saint-Herménégilde), nous ne tenterons pas de délimiter l'aire villageoise des autres localités. Puisque nous nous intéressons davantage au phénomène villageois selon un critère fonctionnel, nous considérons alors le village "comme un lieu et une forme d'habitat dotés d'attributs et de fonctions distinctives". En fait, le choix spatial sera d'ordre documentaire puisqu'il est imposé par l'utilisation des recensements fédéraux (manuscrits et imprimés) et par l'utilisation des Mercantile Agency, sources principales sur lesquelles il sera plus facile de présenter une démonstration cohérente dans le temps comme dans l'espace. […]

Ecological stoichiometry controls the transformation and retention of plant-derived organic matter to humus in response to nitrogen fertilisation

Carbon (C) sequestration in soils is a means for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and is a potential tool for climate change mitigation. One recommended management practice to increase SOC stocks is nitrogen (N) fertilisation, however examples of positive, negative or null SOC effects in response to N addition exist. We evaluated the relative importance of plant molecular structure, soil physical properties and soil ecological stoichiometry in explaining the retention of SOC with and without N addition. We tracked the transformation of 13C pulse-labelled buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) material to the <53 μm silt + clay soil organic C fraction, hereafter named “humus”, over 365-days of incubation in four contrasting agricultural soils, with and without urea-N addition. We hypothesised that: a) humus retention would be soil and litter dependent; b) humus retention would be litter independent once litter C:N ratios were standardised with urea-N addition; and c) humus retention would be improved by urea-N addition. Two and three-way factorial analysis of variance indicated that 13C humus was consistently soil and litter dependent, even when litter C:N ratios were standardised, and that the effect of urea-N addition on 13C humus was also soil and litter dependent. A boosted regression analysis of the effect of 44 plant and soil explanatory variables demonstrated that soil biological and chemical properties had the greatest relative influence on 13C humus. Regression tree analyses demonstrated that the greatest gains in 13C humus occurred in soils of relatively low total organic C, dissolved organic C and microbial biomass C (MBC), or with a combination of relatively high MBC and low C:N ratio. The greatest losses in 13C humus occurred in soils with a combination of relatively high MBC and low total N or increasing C:N ratio. We conclude that soil variables involved in soil ecological stoichiometry exert a greater relative influence on incorporating organic matter as humus compared to plant molecular structure and soil physical properties. Furthermore, we conclude that the effect of N fertilisation on humus retention is dependent upon soil ecological stoichiometry.

Schwannoma of the Lower Leg with Malignant Transformation. A Case Report

Background: Peripheral nerve sheath tumours are benign or malignant. Schwannoma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumour originating from Schwann cells that slowly grows eccentrically to the nerve axis. Malignant transformation of a schwannoma is rare. Case presentation: A 73-year-old woman who presented to our medical service with other medical problems was diagnosed with a tumour of the lower leg (a small mass neglected by the patient for about 10 years). The ultrasound features of the tumour suggested it was a schwannoma. The tumour was resected and histopathological assessment revealed a schwannoma with areas of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour transformation.