Contributo para o estudo dos casais rurais no Entre-Lima-e-Minho nos finais da Idade Média: Rio Frio, Valdevez e Ponte de Lima

Estudo baseado no tombo de propriedades da Ordem de Cristo da comenda de Rio Frio de inícios do século XVI. Análise das lógicas de ocupação e de exploração do espaço rural, do ager e do saltus.

Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in the region of Saquarema: potential area of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of Leishmania infantum chagasi in the Americas. METHODS: Phlebotomine captures were conducted during 2008 and 2009 in a rural area endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis located in the municipality of Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro. RESULTS: Among other species captured, we observed the presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of the occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis in this region, demonstrating the potential risk of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the coastal area of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Therefore, active vigilance by all municipalities in the area is necessary.

Chikungunya virus infection: report of the first case diagnosed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Initially diagnosed in Africa and Asia, the Chikungunya virus has been detected in the last three years in the Caribbean, Italy, France, and the United States of America. Herein, we report the first case for Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2010.

Circulation of the rabies virus in non-hematophagous bats in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during 2001-2010

INTRODUCTION: Rabies is one of the most known lethal zoonosis, responsible for 55,000 human deaths per year. It is transmitted to humans mainly by the bite of domestic or wild animals infected with the virus. This paper shows the circulation of this virus in non-hematophagous bats in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: A survey was performed on the number of bats that had been sent for diagnosis by the Seção de Virologia of the Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaitsman and were positive for rabies. The positive animals were identified, and the isolated viruses were sent for antigenic typification with indirect immunofluorescence. The results were compared with the antigenic panel of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: During 2001-2010, the laboratory received 555 non-hematophagous bats for rabies diagnosis, with 198 (35.7%) from Rio de Janeiro City. A total of 11 (5.5%) animals were positive for this disease. Antigenic typification revealed the predominance of variant 3 in 9 (81.8%) of the isolated viruses; 1 virus was classified as variant 4 and 1 variant was identified that segregated with the viruses in insectivorous bats. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained in this study showed the presence of the rabies virus in synanthropic populations of non-hematophagous bats in the City of Rio de Janeiro. The circulation of this agent in these animals represents a serious risk to human and animal health and requires attention and control measures by the authorities.

Seroepidemiology of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the semiarid rural zone of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: A seroepidemiological survey was carried out to evaluate Trypanosoma cruzi infection in an endemic area of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, involving rural residents. METHODS: Sixteen municipalities were randomly selected, 15 from the west mesoregion and one from the central, with an estimated population of 83,852 individuals. A total of 1,950 blood samples were collected in the west mesoregion and 390 in Caicó. Anti-T. cruzi antibodies were detected using the Chagatest® ELISA HAI-hemagglutination kits and indirect immunofluorescence. As sera presented indeterminate results, TESAcruzi® western blot was performed to confirm reactivity. RESULTS: An estimated seroprevalence of 6.5% was determined for the west mesoregion and 3.3% for Caicó. Seropositivity rises progressively with the age of individuals, up to 40 years in Caicó and up to 50 years in the west mesoregion. Only educational level and knowledge regarding the triatomine were associated with seropositivity. No seroreactive individuals under 18 years of age were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Infection by T. cruzi remains high and is concentrated in municipalities in the central western area of the west mesoregion; however, evidence suggests a decline in vector transmission in this mesoregion and in Caicó. Epidemiological variables appear not to influence seropositivity, with the exception of education and knowledge concerning the triatomine, among seroreactive individuals from the west mesoregion.

Podem as nossas leis tornar-nos mais atrativos?

The concept of soft power offers the opportunity for the States, under the current power shifts, to thrive, in a competitive and globalised scene, shaping o t hers' preference in accordance with their goals. Portugal, though it i s a small country, has soft power skills, according with specialized rankings, due to i t s geography and climate, main economic activities, historical role, legal framework, culture and language. Therefore, we can and we should develop public policies to optimize our resources, converting them in planned outcomes. On the other hand, public entities engaged with foreign trade, investment and tour ism, aid f or development, promotion of culture and language should be structured in or-der to strengthen the performance of Portugal in this area. Being a member of the European Union or of the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries is, at last, essential to expand our global presence. In this Master's work project, I decided to make a critical analysis of legislation related with public diplomacy i n Portugal, together wi th research about the approach of two other countries (United Kingdom and Finland) to the same topic, for the sake of improvement.

Área 'non aedificandi' em domínio privado. História breve do interstício entre prédios em Portugal

Partindo dos dispositivos jurídicos em vigor (Código Civil e Regulamento Geral das Edificações Urbanas) e recuando até às antigas influências jurídicas (romanas e islâmicas), neste artigo procura-se perceber como os interstícios entre prédios em Portugal foram estabelecidos ao longo do tempo pela ordem jurídica. São contextualizadas e analisadas as antigas normas da almotaçaria e as normas contemporâneas, procurando perceber inovações e persistências. Por fim, realça-se a importância deste conhecimento para o estudo da forma urbana portuguesa.

A Casa Senhorial em Lisboa e no Rio de Janeiro: Anatomia dos Interiores

Livro coordenado por Isabel Mendonça, Hélder Carita e Marize Malta. Reúne as comunicações apresentadas no colóquio luso--brasileiro “A casa senhorial em Lisboa e no Rio de Janeiro (séculos XVII, XVIII e XIX). Anatomia dos interiores”, realizado de 4 a 6 de Junho de 2014, no Museu de Artes Decorativas da Fundação Ricardo do Espírito Santo Silva (Lisboa). E conta com artigos de: Cátia Teles e Marques, Daniela Viggiani, Celina Borges Lemos,André Guilherme Dornelles Dangel, Miguel Metelo de Seixas, Isabel Soares de Albergaria, João Vieira Caldas, Maria João Pereira Coutinho, Hélder Carita, Ana Lúcia Vieira dos Santos, Mariana Pinto Ferreira e Tiago Molarinho Antunes, José Pessôa, José Marques Morgado Neto, Gustavo Reinaldo Alves do Carmo; Patrícia Thomé Junqueira Schettino, Celina Borges Lemos, Felipe Azevedo Bosi, Paulo Manta Pereira, Ana Paula Rebelo Correia, Sofia Braga, Ana Cristina da Costa Gomes e Isabel Murta Pina, Ana Pessoa, Isabel Mayer Godinho Mendonça, Isabel Sanson Portella, Alexandre Mascarenhas, Cristina Rozisky, Fábio Galli, Miguel Leal, Rosa Arraes, Maria João Ferreira, e Marize Malta.

Prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant and postpartum women attended at public healthcare facilities in the City of Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

IntroductionTo determine the prevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among pregnant and postpartum women attended within the public healthcare system in Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro, and to detect possible exposure factors associated with T. gondii infection in this population.MethodsIgM and IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies were investigated in 276 pregnant and 124 postpartum women by using the indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) and immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) techniques. The participants were selected by convenience sampling. All these 400 patients filled out a free and informed consent statement, answered an epidemiological questionnaire and were informed about the disease.ResultsAmong the 400 samples analyzed, 234 (58.5%) were reactive to IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies, according to the IFAT and/or ELISA assay. One pregnant woman was found to be reactive to IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies, with an intermediate IgG avidity test. Risk factor analysis showed that seropositivity was significantly associated (p<0.05) with age, contact with cats and presence of rodents at home. Through a logistic regression model, these associations were confirmed for age and contact with cats, while education at least of the high school level was found to be a protective factor.ConclusionsThe prevalence rate of IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies in the City of Niterói was high and the risk factors for infection detected after multivariate analysis were: age over 30 years, contact with cats and education levels lower than university graduate level.

Survey of sandfly vectors of leishmaniasis in Marambaia Island, municipality of Mangaratiba, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

IntroductionThe influx and efflux of military personnel in the possible endemic areas of leishmaniasis provided the impetus for research on the sandflies on Marambaia Island.MethodsSandflies were collected with light traps installed in the 3 ecotypes of 3 areas chosen for their particular landscape aspects.ResultsIn 2009, were collected 32,006 specimens of sandflies belonging to 13 species. The species that showed highest density were Nyssomyia intermedia and Migoneimyia migonei.ConclusionsN. intermedia and M. migonei are the principal vectors of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in Brazil; thus, extension studies related to the eco-epidemiology of these species of Marambaia Island are essential.

Análise computacional da evolução da hidromorfologia do Baixo Mondego em resultado da subida do nível do mar

O êxito na previsão das consequências da subida do nível do mar à escala global está dependente de uma correcta análise de todos fenómenos que daí poderão resultar. Neste âmbito, o presente estudo incide sobre o efeito da subida do nível do mar na hidromorfologia de rios, parâmetro que não é com frequência um dado de entrada nas simulações numéricas em estudos e projectos de Hidráulica Fluvial. Desenvolveu-se um modelo computacional na linguagem de programação Fortran (FTN 95), que permite simular a longo prazo a evolução do fundo móvel e da superfície livre de um rio. É um modelo de dinâmica sedimentar, unidimensional, que simula escoamentos em regime quase-permanente e em canais de topografia simples, utilizando a fórmula de Engelund-Hansen para o transporte sólido. O modelo foi aplicado no trecho mais a jusante do Mondego, desde Coimbra até à foz no Atlântico, onde o rio flui na zona do chamado Baixo Mondego, planície aluvial, alvo de grandes alterações antropogénicas, nomeadamente obras de regularização fluvial. As que foram realizadas no séc. XVIII modificaram o original percurso do rio atribuindo-lhe uma topografia simples, mas não resolveram o seu principal problema, o excesso de assoreamento a jusante de Coimbra, tendo como consequência frequentes inundações e cheias. Estas obras colocaram em evidência a grande vulnerabilidade do rio aos problemas de transporte sólido e assoreamento. Mais tarde, em finais do séc. XX, as obras realizadas na sequência do Plano de Aproveitamento do Baixo Mondego vieram, de uma forma integrada, contribuir para o seu equilíbrio hidromorfológico. Actualmente, face à subida do nível do mar volta a colocar-se a questão do assoreamento a jusante de Coimbra. Logo, é importante conhecer as previsões a longo prazo de dinâmica sedimentar deste troço, para a sua adequada gestão. Foram realizadas previsões para 20 cenários num horizonte temporal de 100 anos, todos eles consideram o caudal dominante calculado para o rio e variam de acordo com a subida do nível do mar, o caudal sólido e diâmetro médio dos sedimentos. Os resultados obtidos foram os previstos qualitativamente, isto é, a subida do nível do mar poderá alterar o leito aluvionar, elevando as cotas de fundo e aumentando os volumes de assoreamento.

Outbreak of acute Chagas disease associated with oral transmission in the Rio Negro region, Brazilian Amazon

Introduction Chagas disease is considered as emerging in the Brazilian Amazon, usually occurring in acute outbreaks. Methods We describe 17 cases of acute Chagas disease in Rio Negro, Amazonas. Results There were 15 males (average age, 31.3 years), all positive for Trypanosoma cruzi in fresh blood smear examination, and 14 positive by xenodiagnosis and PCR. The top clinical manifestations were fever, asthenia, abdominal pain, and palpitations. Electrocardiograms featured low-voltage QRS, anterosuperior divisional block, and right bundle branch block associated with anterosuperior divisional block. Conclusions All patients had consumed açaí products from Monte Alegre in the rural area around Santa Izabel do Rio Negro, Brazil.

Evaluation of natural foci of Panstrongylus megistus in a forest fragment in Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Introduction Panstrongylus megistus is commonly found in wild environments of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The aim of this study was to characterize the network of refuges used by triatomine in a forest fragment of Porto Alegre and to identify Trypanosoma cruzi infection, associated hosts and the epidemiological importance of both hosts and triatomines. Methods Techniques including the spool-and-line method and active searching (transects) were used to identify natural foci. Results The food source for each triatomine was determined using the precipitin test, and the infection of marsupials was determined by xenodiagnosis. A total of 33 adults (domestic environment) and 27 nymphs (wild environment) of P. megistus were found in addition to 43 Didelphis albiventris specimens. The infection rates of triatomine adults, triatomine nymphs and opossums with T. cruzi I were 64%, 73% and 69%, respectively. Birds, rodents and opossums were the main resources used by triatomine. Conclusions This work presents the first characterization of a natural focus of P. megistus in Rio Grande do Sul. The natural characteristics of this focus and its implication in the transmission of T. cruzi are discussed.

Modelação numérica de entrada em ponte ferroviária

O crescente interesse pelo transporte ferroviário de alta-velocidade como transporte de médio curso obriga ao estudo do comportamento de vias-férreas para cumprir requisitos funcionais. As zonas de transição são um dos locais problemáticos que requerem um estudo aprofundado, onde a modelação numérica surge como uma poderosa ferramenta de análise. Neste trabalho é analisado o comportamento de um modelo numérico bidimensional de uma entrada numa ponte ferroviária situada sobre o Rio Sado e que faz parte da variante de Alcácer do Sal. Trata-se de um modelo numérico bidimensional de elementos lineares elásticos com uma execução mais rápida em relação a outros modelos. A resposta deste modelo é comparada com resultados de um modelo numérico tridimensional validado na mesma transição. Para atingir resultados fiáveis, o modelo bidimensional foi alvo de uma parametrização precisa que consistiu num processo de calibração com o modelo tridimensional referido anteriormente. As curvas de receptância da via foram o principal meio de calibração entre os dois modelos. Deste modo, realizou-se um estudo paramétrico de ambos os modelos para avaliar a influência de diversos parâmetros no cálculo de curvas de receptância. Analisou-se, também, o comportamento deste modelo para diferentes velocidades de circulação do veículo. Dentro deste campo foi dado especial atenção ao fenómeno da velocidade crítica de um veículo num solo flexível.