Modernismo de pés descalços: Mário de Andrade e a cultura caipira

Depois das "palavras em liberdade" de Pauliceia desvairada, Mário de Andrade inaugurou, nos anos de 1920, uma nova fase de sua obra literária, que correspondia a uma reorientação do próprio Modernismo brasileiro: a busca da "contribuição milionária de todos os erros" (Oswald de Andrade, "Manifesto Pau Brasil"). Contra as regras da gramática e do discurso letrado, procurava-se imitar a "língua errada do povo". No caso de Mário de Andrade, o desejo de estilizar a fala popular resultou no projeto da Gramatiquinha da Língua Brasileira, que tinha no chamado dialeto caipira uma de suas inspirações. O diálogo com a cultura caipira ocorre em momentos centrais da sua produção literária: Macunaíma, Clã do jabuti, Os contos de Belazarte. Estudando a pintura de Tarsila do Amaral, Mário dirá que a sua brasilidade consiste no "caipirismo" das cores e das formas; algo que também se aplica, e mais radicalmente, à literatura cada vez mais enraizada de Mário de Andrade, na qual os "erros" de linguagem e a presença de personagens caipiras ou selvagens figuram o deslocamento do Brasil e o do próprio escritor em relação ao processo de modernização.

In vitro efficacy of Coriandrum sativum, Lippia sidoides and Copaifera reticulata against Leishmania chagasi

The increased incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is due to a lack of effective disease control measures. In addition to that, no effective treatment exists for canine VL in response to synthetic drugs. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the essential oils of Coriandrum sativum and Lippia sidoides, and oleoresin from Copaifera reticulata, on Leishmania chagasi promastigotes and amastigotes. We also examined the toxicity of these treatments on the murine monocyte cell line RAW 264.7. To determine the IC50 a MTT test (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was performed on promastigotes, and an in situ ELISA assay was conducted on amastigotes. Here, we demonstrate that oleoresin from C. reticulata was effective against both promastigotes (IC50 of 7.88 µg.mL-1) and amastigotes (IC50 of 0.52 µg.mL-1), and neither of the two treatments differed significantly (p > 0.05) from pentamidine (IC50 of 2.149 µg.mL-1) and amphotericin B (IC50 of 9.754 µg.mL-1). Of the three plant oils tested, only oleoresin showed no toxicity toward monocyte, with 78.45% viability after treatment. Inhibition of promastigote and amastigote growth and the lack of cytotoxicity by C. reticulata demonstrate that oleoresin may be a viable option for analyzing the in vivo therapeutic effects of leishmanicidal plants

Population biology of the barbel drum Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus (Metzelaar, 1919) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) in Caraguatatuba Bay, Southeastern Brazil

This study evaluated the population biology of Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) in a shallow non-estuarine coastal area of southeastern Brazil. Monthly samples were taken from October 2003 through October 2004, in two distinct areas at depths from 1 to 4 m. C. gracilicirrhus was generally among the most abundant fish species during the period. Its density was significantly higher in a single sampling month, May 2004, in the South area, which may be explained by its migratory behavior together with its preference for deeper areas. Such behavior may lead to bias in community estimates that use few or only seasonal samples. C. gracilicirrhus individuals ranged from 4.0 to 10.2 cm long, with a main mode from 7.5 to 9.0 cm and a significant decrease in mean size from June onward. The estimation of body growth parameters was compromised by this population feature. Similarly, the prey spectrum was difficult to determine because of the deteriorated condition of the stomach contents, although crustaceans were clearly the most important items ingested. Amphipoda was the only subgroup that could be identified more precisely, mainly by the construction of their tubes.

Molecular phylogeography of tick-borne encephalitis virus in central Europe

In order to obtain a better understanding of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) strain movements in central Europe the E gene sequences of 102 TBEV strains collected from 1953 to 2011 at 38 sites in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria and Germany were determined. Bayesian analysis suggests a 350-year history of evolution and spread in central Europe of two main lineages, A and B. In contrast to the east to west spread at the Eurasian continent level, local central European spreading patterns suggest historic west to east spread followed by more recent east to west spread. The phylogenetic and network analyses indicate TBEV ingressions from the Czech Republic and Slovakia into Germany via landscape features (Danube river system), biogenic factors (birds, red deer) and anthropogenic factors. The identification of endemic foci showing local genetic diversity is of paramount importance to the field as these will be a prerequisite for in-depth analysis of focal TBEV maintenance and long-distance TBEV spread.

Viagem sem volta. [Depoimento a Rodrigo de Oliveira Andrade]

Fêmeas de pinguins-de-magalhães morrem mais que machos durante migração anual.

César Manrique : un canario para la historia

Documento coeditado y homenaje promovido por la Delegación de Alumnos de la E.U.I.T.T.

El emigrante retornado a Gran Canaria desde Cuba, 1919-1950. Breve estudio sobre las remesas de los emigrantes retornados y su incidencia en la sociedad canaria

[ES] Conocer las características de la migración canaria de principios del siglo XX resulta fundamental para la actual sociedad isleña: en primer lugar porque su influencia, ya sea en la esfera económica, social o ideológica, ha sido determinante para la configuración de nuestra actual sociedad; en segundo lugar, porque nos ayuda a entender un poco mejor un fenómeno que ahora ha revertido su tradicional tendencia: Canarias es tierra de inmigrantes. Este artículo supone un acercamiento al ámbito económico de ese fenómeno con especial incidencia en las remesas.

Italia e Francia nell'Ungheria di Trianon (1919-1939): due modelli di penetrazione politico-culturale

Italy and France in Trianon’s Hungary: two political and cultural penetration models During the first post-war, the Danubian Europe was the theatre of an Italian-French diplomatic challenge to gain hegemony in that part of the continent. Because of his geographical position, Hungary had a decisive strategic importance for the ambitions of French and Italian foreign politics. Since in the 1920s culture and propaganda became the fourth dimension of international relations, Rome and Paris developed their diplomatic action in Hungary to affirm not only political and economic influence, but also cultural supremacy. In the 1930, after Hitler’s rise to power, the unstoppable comeback of German political influence in central-eastern Europe determined the progressive decline of Italian and French political and economic positions in Hungary: only the cultural field allowed a survey of Italian-Hungarian and French-Hungarian relations in the contest of a Europe dominated by Nazi Germany during the Second World War. Nevertheless, the radical geopolitical changes in second post-war Europe did not compromise Italian and French cultural presence in the new communist Hungary. Although cultural diplomacy is originally motivated by contingent political targets, it doesn’t respect the short time of politics, but it’s the only foreign politics tool that guarantees preservations of bilateral relations in the long run.