La cultura como agente de cambio en el desarrollo cultural comunitario

El trabajo comunitario tiene una larga tradición en España, aunque la denominación Desarrollo Cultural Comunitario (DCC) es mucho más reciente. En éste artículo, defendemos ésta designación; revisamos sus antecedentes, remontándonos a los años posteriores a la II Guerra Mundial y vemos cómo ha evolucionado hasta llegar a nuestros días. Nos detenemos en las políticas culturales, el concepto de ciudadanía y los modelos de sociedad de acogida; abordamos el reto de la participación, fundamental en los procesos de trabajo comunitario; tratamos el papel de la cultura y de la creatividad en los procesos de trabajo comunitario y vemos cuál ha sido la aportación de los artistas. Por último trazamos las líneas de lo que sería el marco metodológico de intervención en proyectos DCC y exponemos las fases de desarrollo de los proyectos: diagnóstico, desarrollar la toma de conciencia de la dimensión colectiva, concretar cooperativamente los objetivos de cada fase del proyecto, planificación de la intervención, desarrollo del proyecto, y por último la evaluación.

Política cultural e hibridación de las instituciones culturales. El caso de Barcelona

Actualmente, los recortes en los presupuestos de cultura han impulsado un debate público sobre la necesidad de cooperación entre el sector público y el sector privado en la financiación y la gestión de las instituciones culturales. No obstante, en realidad, esta cooperación ya existe en el caso de Barcelona. El análisis presupuestario y de su gestión revela que la mayor parte de las instituciones culturales no pueden ser clasificadas ni en el sector público ni en el sector privado no lucrativo, sino que son híbridas. El artículo defiende que las hibridaciones que podemos encontrar se explican, en primer lugar, por el origen de las instituciones culturales y, en segundo lugar, por la orientación de la política cultural barcelonesa, caracterizada por la estrategia emprendedora del gobierno local. Finalmente, el artículo analiza los retos que plantean estos diferentes grados de hibridación con relación a la gobernanza de las instituciones culturales.

Impact of geographical and cultural factors on clinical trials in acute mania: lessons from a ziprasidone and haloperidol placebo-controlled study

Clinical trials today are conducted in multiple countries to enhance patient recruitment and improve efficiency of trials. However, the demographic and cultural diversity may contribute to variations in study outcomes. Here we conducted post-hoc analyses for a placebo-controlled study with ziprasidone and haloperidol for the treatment of acute mania to address the demographic, dosing, and outcome disparities in India, Russia and the USA. We compared the baseline characteristics, outcomes and discontinuations in patients and explored the relationship between the outcome measures across these countries. We found substantial differences in baseline characteristics of subjects, administered dosage and disease severity in India compared to the USA and Russia. Conversely, US subjects had a higher placebo response compared to subjects in Russia and India. These results are probably due to demographic differences in patient populations and psychiatric clinical practice across countries. While we offer initial ideas to address the disparities identified in this analysis, it is clear that further research to improve our understanding of geographical differences is essential to ensure globally applicable results for clinical trials in psychiatry.

Is the Front Line Prepared for the Changing Faces of Patients? Predictors of Cross-Cultural Preparedness Among Clinical Nurses and Resident Physicians in Lausanne, Switzerland.

UNLABELLED: Phenomenon: Assuring quality medical care for all persons requires that healthcare providers understand how sociocultural factors affect a patient's health beliefs/behaviors. Switzerland's changing demographics highlight the importance of provider cross-cultural preparedness for all patients-especially those at risk for social/health precarity. We evaluated healthcare provider cross-cultural preparedness for commonly encountered vulnerable patient profiles. APPROACH: A survey on cross-cultural care was mailed to Lausanne University hospital's "front-line healthcare providers": clinical nurses and resident physicians at our institution. Preparedness items asked "How prepared do you feel to care for ... ?" (referring to example patient profiles) on an ascending 5-point Likert scale. We examined proportions of "4 - well/5 - very well prepared" and the mean composite score for preparedness. We used linear regression to examine the adjusted effect of demographics, work context, cultural-competence training, and cross-cultural care problem awareness, on preparedness. FINDINGS: Of 885 questionnaires, 368 (41.2%) were returned: 124 (33.6%) physicians and 244 (66.4%) nurses. Mean preparedness composite was 3.30 (SD = 0.70), with the lowest proportion of healthcare providers feeling prepared for patients "whose religious beliefs affect treatment" (22%). After adjustment, working in a sensitized department (β = 0.21, p = .01), training on the history/culture of a specific group (β = 0.25, p = .03), and awareness regarding (a) a lack of practical experience caring for diverse populations (β = 0.25, p = .004) and (b) inadequate cross-cultural training (β = 0.18, p = .04) were associated with higher preparedness. Speaking French as a dominant language and physician role (vs. nurse) were negatively associated with preparedness (β = -0.26, p = .01; β = -0.22, p = .01). Insights: The state of cross-cultural care preparedness among Lausanne's front-line healthcare providers leaves room for improvement. Our study points toward institutional strategies to improve preparedness: notably, making sure departments are sensitized to cross-cultural care resources and increasing provider diversity to reflect the changing Swiss demographic.

The vertical dimension of social relations and accurate interpersonal perception: A meta-analysis (Publishd online: 24 Oct. 2014)

There is little consensus regarding how verticality (social power, dominance, and status) is related to accurate interpersonal perception. The relation could be either positive or negative, and there could be many causal processes at play. The present article discusses the theoretical possibilities and presents a meta-analysis of this question. In studies using a standard test of interpersonal accuracy, higher socioeconomic status (SES) predicted higher accuracy defined as accurate inference about the meanings of cues; also, higher experimentally manipulated vertical position predicted higher accuracy defined as accurate recall of others' words. In addition, although personality dominance did not predict accurate inference overall, the type of personality dominance did, such that empathic/responsible dominance had a positive relation and egoistic/aggressive dominance had a negative relation to accuracy. In studies involving live interaction, higher experimentally manipulated vertical position produced lower accuracy defined as accurate inference about cues; however, methodological problems place this result in doubt.

Kollektiivista muistia etsimässä : How Collectivities Remember : Structures and Spaces of Social and Cultural Memory

Ajankohtaista

Quantifying insufficient coping behavior under chronic stress. A cross-cultural study of 1,303 students from Italy, Spain, and Argentina.

The question of how to quantify insufficient coping behavior under chronic stress is of major clinical relevance. In fact, chronic stress increasingly dominates modern work conditions and can affect nearly every system of the human body, as suggested by physical, cognitive, affective and behavioral symptoms. Since freshmen students experience constantly high levels of stress due to tight schedules and frequent examinations, we carried out a 3-center study of 1,303 students from Italy, Spain and Argentina in order to develop socioculturally independent means for quantifying coping behavior. The data analysis relied on 2 self-report questionnaires: the Coping Strategies Inventory (COPE) for the assessment of coping behavior and the Zurich Health Questionnaire which assesses consumption behavior and general health dimensions. A neural network approach was used to determine the structural properties inherent in the COPE instrument. Our analyses revealed 2 highly stable, socioculturally independent scales that reflected basic coping behavior in terms of the personality traits activity-passivity and defeatism-resilience. This replicated previous results based on Swiss and US-American data. The percentage of students exhibiting insufficient coping behavior was very similar across the study sites (11.5-18.0%). Given their stability and validity, the newly developed scales enable the quantification of basic coping behavior in a cost-efficient and reliable way, thus clearing the way for the early detection of subjects with insufficient coping skills under chronic stress who may be at risk of physical or mental health problems.

La filosofía nietzscheana y la lógica cultural del capitalismo tardío

Este trabajo analiza las relaciones entre las ideas fundamentales de la filosofía nietzscheana y la lógica cultural del capitalismo tardío. En la primera parte se realiza una breve exposición de la doctrina nietzscheana; en la segunda se estudia hasta qué punto dicha doctrina coincide con los presupuestos filosóficos del capitalismo tardío; y en la tercera se reflexiona acerca del tipo de conexión (de anticipación o de reciclaje) que se da entre ambas.

Agenda cultural colaborativa, GeuSiAgend

En el mercado existen numerosas aplicaciones para gestionar el tiempo y llevar un control de las actividades diarias. Por otro lado, existen sistemas de consulta de eventos públicos de ocio y cultura. En este trabajo se presenta una aplicación que reúne ambas funcionalidades. De forma que se puede utilizar como agenda personal y, al mismo tiempo, permite consultar eventos públicos.