Identificando interesses transversais em modelos de requisitos PL-AOVgraph

The occurrence of problems related to the scattering and tangling phenomenon, such as the difficulty to do system maintenance, increasingly frequent. One way to solve this problem is related to the crosscutting concerns identification. To maximize its benefits, the identification must be performed from early stages of development process, but some works have reported that this has not been done in most of cases, making the system development susceptible to the errors incidence and prone to the refactoring later. This situation affects directly to the quality and cost of the system. PL-AOVgraph is a goal-oriented requirements modeling language which offers support to the relationships representation among requirements and provides separation of crosscutting concerns by crosscutting relationships representation. Therefore, this work presents a semi-automatic method to crosscutting concern identification in requirements specifications written in PL-AOVgraph. An adjacency matrix is used to identify the contributions relationships among the elements. The crosscutting concern identification is based in fan-out analysis of contribution relationships from the informations of adjacency matrix. When identified, the crosscutting relationships are created. And also, this method is implemented as a new module of ReqSys-MDD tool

Geologia, Geocronologia, Geoquímica e Petrogênese das Rochas Ígneas Cretácicas da Província Magmática do Cabo e suas Relações com as Unidades Sedimentares da Bacia de Pernambuco (NE do Brasil)

The area studied forms a thin NNE-directed belt situated south of Recife town (Pernambuco state), northeastern Brazil. Geologically, it comprises the Pernambuco Basin (PB), which is limited by the Pernambuco Lineament to the north, the Maragogi high to the south and the Pernambuco Alagoas massif to the west, all of them with Precambrian age. This thesis reports the results obtained for the Cabo Magmatic Province (CMP), aiming the characterization of the geology, stratigraphy, geochronology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Cretaceous igneous rocks presented in the PB. The PB is composed of the Cabo Formation (rift phase) at the base (polymictic conglomerates, sandstones, shales), an intermediate unit, the Estiva Formation (marbles and argillites), and, at the top, the Algodoais Formation (monomictic conglomerates, sandstones, shales). The CMP is represented by trachytes, rhyolites, pyroclastics (ignimbrites), basalts / trachy-andesites, monzonites and alkali-feldspar granite, which occur as dykes, flows, sills, laccoliths and plugs. Field observations and well descriptions show that the majority of the magmatic rocks have intrusive contacts with the Cabo Formation, although some occurrences are also suggestive of synchronism between volcanism and siliciclastic sedimentation. 40Ar/39Ar and zircon fission tracks for the magmatic rocks indicate an average age of 102 r 1 Ma for the CMP. This age represents an expressive event in the province and is detected in all igneous dated materials. It is considered as a minimum age (Albian) for the magmatic episode and the peak of the rift phase in the PB. The 40Ar/39Ar dates are about 10-14 Ma younger than published palynologic ages for this basin. Geochemically, the CMP may be divided in two major groups; i) a transitional to alkaline suite, constituted by basalts to trachy-andesites (types with fine-grained textures and phenocrysts of sanidine and plagioclase), trachytes (porphyrytic texture, with phenocrysts of sanidine and plagioclase) and monzonites; ii) a alkaline suite, highly fractionated, acidic volcano-plutonic association, formed by four subtypes (pyroclastic flows ignimbrites, fine-to medium-grained rhyolites, a high level granite, and later rhyolites). These four types are distinguished essentially by field aspects and petrographic and textural features. Compatible versus incompatible trace element concentrations and geochemical modeling based on both major and trace elements suggest the evolution through low pressure fractional crystallization for trachytes and other acidic rocks, whereas basalts / trachy-andesites and monzonites evolved by partial melting from a mantle source. Sr and Nd isotopes reveal two distinct sources for the rocks of the CMP. Concerning the acidic ones, the high initial Sr ratios (ISr = 0.7064-1.2295) and the negative HNd (-0.43 to -3.67) indicate a crustal source with mesoproterozoic model ages (TDM from 0.92 to 1.04 Ga). On the other hand, the basic to intermediate rocks have low ISr (0.7031-0.7042) and positive HNd (+1.28 to +1.98), which requires the depleted mantle as the most probable source; their model ages are in the range 0.61-0.66 Ga. However, the light rare earth enrichment of these rocks and partial melting modeling point to an incompatible-enriched lherzolitic mantle with very low quantity of garnet (1-3%). This apparent difference between geochemical and Nd isotopes may be resolved by assuming that the metasomatizing agent did not obliterate the original isotopic characteristics of the magmas. A 2 to 5% partial melting of this mantle at approximately 14 kbar and 1269oC account very well the basalts and trachy-andesites studied. By using these pressure and temperatures estimates for the generation of the basaltic to trachy-andesitic magma, it is determined a lithospheric stretching (E) of 2.5. This E value is an appropriated estimate for the sub-crustal stretching (astenospheric or the base of the lithosphere?) region under the Pernambuco Basin, the crustal stretching probably being lower. The integration of all data obtained in this thesis permits to interpret the magmatic evolution of the PB as follows; 1st) the partial melting of a garnet-bearing lherzolite generates incompatible-enriched basaltic, trachy-andesitic and monzonitic magmas; 2nd) the underplating of these basaltic magmas at the base of the continental crust triggers the partial melting of this crust, and thus originating the acidic magmas; 3rd) concomitantly with the previous stage, trachytic magmas were produced by fractionation from a monzonitic to trachy-andesitic liquid; 4th) the emplacement of the several magmas in superficial (e.g. flows) or sub-superficial (e.g. dykes, sills, domes, laccoliths) depths was almost synchronically, at about 102 r 1 Ma, and usually crosscutting the sedimentary rocks of the Cabo Formation. The presence of garnet in the lherzolitic mantle does not agree with pressures of about 14 kbar for the generation of the basaltic magma, as calculated based on chemical parameters. This can be resolved by admitting the astenospheric uplifting under the rift, which would place deep and hot material (mantle plume?) at sub-crustal depths. The generation of the magmas and their subsequent emplacement would be coupled with the crustal rifting of the PB, the border (NNE-SSW directed) and transfer (NW-SE directed) faults serving as conduits for the magma emplacement. Based on the E parameter and the integration of 40Ar/39Ar and palynologic data it is interpreted a maximum duration of 10-14 Ma for the rift phase (Cabo Formation clastic sedimentation and basic to acidic magmatism) of the PB

Avaliação da assistência ao parto em maternidade terciária do interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a estrutura e o processo de assistência ao parto e ao recém-nascido desenvolvidos na maternidade e na unidade de neonatologia de uma instituição hospitalar de nível terciário do interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, transversal, voltado para a análise da adesão às normas preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde e Organização Mundial da Saúde em relação ao parto, avaliando-se os recursos existentes e as atividades desenvolvidas durante a assistência. Os dados foram colhidos nos anos de 2004 e 2005, a partir de entrevista com o gestor da maternidade, análise de 293 prontuários amostradose observação de 29 partos realizados. RESULTADOS: a avaliação da estrutura evidenciou a disponibilidade de equipamentos, instrumentais e medicamentos, de obstetra, pediatra e anestesista eausência de quartos de pré-parto, parto e puerpério.Na análise do processo observouse, entre outras,frequências regulares relacionadas à verificação de pressão arterial e ausculta dos batimentos cardíacos fetais; o preenchimento do partograma foi satisfatório; na assistência ao recém-nascido, foram insatisfatórios o aleitamento na primeira hora de vida e ocontato pele a pele. CONCLUSÕES: algumas práticas úteis no partonormal foram pouco utilizadas. Percebese uma tendência à incorporação de práticas baseadas em evidências científicas, quando se considerou a realização de procedimentos como tricotomia, enteroclisma e episiotomia, demonstrando uma mudançapositiva na assistência ao parto.

Pirometamorfismo nos arenitos da Formação Açu, Bacia Potiguar, NE do Brasil

Pyrometamorphism results from conditions of high temperatures and very low pressures provoked by the intrusion of hypabyssal basic bodies into sedimentary or metassedimentary hosting rocks. The onshore portion of the Potiguar Basin in NE Brazil offers examples of this type of metamorphism nearby the contacts of Paleogene to Neogene plugs, sills and dikes of diabases and basalts crosscutting sandstones, siltstones and shales of the Açu Formation (Albian-Cenomanian). The thermal effects over these rocks are reflected on textures and minerals assemblages that characterize the sanidinite facies of metamorphism, often with partial melting of the feldspathic and mica-rich matrix. The liquid formed is potassic and peraluminous, with variably colored rhyolitic glass (colorless, yellow, brown) comprising microcrystals of tridymite, sanidine and clinoenstatite, besides residual detrital clasts of quartz and rarely zircon, staurolite and garnet. Lenses of shale intercalated within the sandstones display crystallites of Fe-cordierite (sekaninaite), mullite, sanidine, armalcolite (Fe-Ti oxide) and brown spinel. The rocks formed due to the thermal effect of the intrusions are called buchites for which two types are herein described: a light one derived from feldspathic sandstone and siltstone protoliths; and a dark one derived from black shale protoliths. Textures indicating partial melting and minerals such as sanidine, mullite, tridymite and armalcolite strongly demonstrate that during the intrusion of the basic bodies the temperature reached 1,000-1,150°C, and was followed by quenching. Cooling of the interstitial melts has as consequences the closure of pores and decrease of the permeability of the protolith, which varies from about 17-11% in the unaffected rocks to zero in the thermally modified types. Although observed only at contacts and over small distances, the number of basic intrusions hosted within the Potiguar Basin in both onshore and offshore portions leaves opened the possibility of important implications of the thermal effects over the hydrocarbon exploration in this area as well in other Cretaceous and Paleozoic basins in Brazil

Fluidez territorial e logística: o PAC no Rio Grande do Norte

The state is responsible for creating regulatory and infrastructural conditions in a determined territory. These actions generate macrodynamics, however, in some cases they show selective and restricted, as in the case concerning the transportation sector. The actions of the Brazilian government aimed at territorial fluidity nowadays are evidenced especially by the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC). The PAC in the axes allocated to the transport sector, called logistics, which in turn appears as a pressing necessity and as an ideology of the current period. Therefore, within this context of territorial transformations resulting from this program we situate our work that aims to understand how the actions of the State implemented and planned under the PAC are configuring or can configure the brazilian territorial logistics, particularly in the state of Rio Grande do Norte

A indústria de calçados de Nova Serrana (MG)

Utilizando resultados de trabalho estatístico com base nos dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS), que permitem caracterizar a indústria de calçados de Nova Serrana (MG) como um sistema local de produção, e nos resultados de pesquisa de campo efetuada em abril de 2002, quando foram realizadas entrevistas e visitas em empresas e instituições locais, o artigo estuda o sistema local de produção de Nova Serrana tanto em termos do sistema como um todo quanto das empresas e instituições que o compõem. O objetivo é produzir, nesses dois níveis de análise, evidências que possam orientar ações públicas e privadas, visando ao aprimoramento do sistema e das empresas locais em duas esferas: (1) produtiva e tecnológica, em seus vários desdobramentos, e (2) institucional e organizacional. Para isso, caracteriza e dimensiona primeiramente o sistema local em termos de sua localização e região de influência, sua logística, população e empregos gerados, história e evolução, estrutura de produção, instituições de apoio, contexto social, cultural e político. em seguida, caracteriza as empresas em termos de tamanho e quanto a: desenvolvimento de produto, sistemas de comercialização, relações cooperativas, interações com fornecedores, fontes de informação para desenvolvimento de produtos e sobre mercados e processos de fabricação, práticas e políticas quanto à qualidade, ao financiamento e a outros aspectos pertinentes ao caso em estudo. Por fim, ressalta os problemas mais relevantes que podem ser objeto de políticas públicas e/ou de ações conjuntas das empresas e instituições locais.

Implantação do método activity based costing na logística interna de uma empresa química

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar como o método ABC - activity based costing foi implantado para realizar o custeio da logística interna da empresa química BASF SA., situada na cidade de Guaratinguetá - SP. Apresentam-se: a descrição do processo de mudança do método de custeio tradicional para o método ABC, as dificuldades encontradas e como foram ultrapassadas, bem como as vantagens constatadas pela empresa. O departamento de logística da empresa funciona como um prestador de serviços, atendendo a todos os processos produtivos das divisões (unidades de negócio) existentes na planta de Guaratinguetá, no que concerne à armazenagem e ao fornecimento de matérias-primas, além de atuar na retirada e na armazenagem de produto acabado. Como principais resultados, obteve-se uma distribuição de custos mais justa entre as divisões da planta, identificação de oportunidades de melhoria nos processos logísticos, identificação de processo e atividades que não agregavam valor aos produtos, entre outros. Finalmente, o processo de implantação e os resultados foram muito bem avaliados pelos gestores, o que foi decisivo para a adoção do método ABC como sistema gerencial de custos logísticos da empresa.

Implementação de um sistema Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment em uma grande rede de fast food por meio de um prestador de serviços logísticos

A gestão colaborativa é, atualmente, um elemento-chave no contexto da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos. Neste artigo, o tema é abordado mediante a análise de um caso real, em que uma grande rede mundial de fast-food e seu prestador de serviço logístico (PSL) trabalharam conjuntamente no Brasil em um projeto-piloto para a implementação de um collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR). O trabalho faz uso de uma metodologia de pesquisa-ação e apresenta as principais variáveis que influenciaram o projeto, abordando os processos necessários para a implementação e os pontos que favorecem o CPFR. Com base no caso estudado, o trabalho apresenta um conjunto de propostas sobre o papel dos agentes da cadeia em projetos dessa natureza. A gestão da cadeia de suprimentos por intermédio da coordenação direta de um PSL também permite demonstrar as possibilidades e dificuldades desse sistema, contribuindo com a visão colaborativa na cadeia de suprimentos a partir da relação entre seus agentes.

Modelo de Gerenciamento da Logística Reversa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Importância dos fatores não-tecnológicos na implementação do CPFR

De acordo com o Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards [VICS], o Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment [CPFR] se baseia na padronização, registro e sincronização de dados eletronicamente, apoiado pela gestão colaborativa existente entre as empresas (VICS, 2004). A partir desta definição, pode-se concluir que existem dois fatores preponderantes na implementação do CPFR: um essencialmente tecnológico e outro não-tecnológico. Nesse contexto, o propósito principal deste estudo é identificar na literatura os chamados fatores não tecnológicos que envolvem o CPFR e analisá-los em situações reais. A importância desses fatores é analisada, então, por meio do estudo de dois casos reais de implementação do CPFR, respectivamente, em uma grande rede de fast food e em um grande distribuidor de alimentos, que operam no Brasil. Os resultados destacam, principalmente, que a previsão da demanda realizada pela empresa coordenadora do CPFR é preponderante sobre o entendimento da demanda por todos os elos da cadeia de suprimentos, que a cultura colaborativa é considerada muito importante no relacionamento ao longo da cadeia (embora não seja determinante para a implementação dos processos) e que o monitoramento das atividades é fundamental para o alinhamento das empresas na gestão do CPFR.

The use of simulation for forecasting the number of docks necessary in an expedition department

The simulation is a very powerful tool to develop more efficient systems, hence it is been widely used with the goal of productivity improvement. Its results, if compared with other methods, are not always optimum; however, if the experiment is rightly elaborated, its results will represent the real situation, enabling its use with a good level of reliability. This work used the simulation (through the ProModel (R) software) in order to study, understand, model and improve the expenditure system of an enterprise, with a premise of keeping the production-delivery flow considering quick, controlled and reliable conditions.

Stochastic scheduling - A flow shop no wait application and solutions

Minimizing the makespan of a flow-shop no-wait (FSNW) schedule where the processing times are randomly distributed is an important NP-Complete Combinatorial Optimization Problem. In spite of this, it can be found only in very few papers in the literature. By considering the Start Interval Concept, this problem can be formulated, in a practical way, in function of the probability of the success in preserve FSNW constraints for all tasks execution. With this formulation, for the particular case with 3 machines, this paper presents different heuristics solutions: by integrating local optimization steps with insertion procedures and by using genetic algorithms for search the solution space. Computational results and performance evaluations are commented. Copyright (C) 1998 IFAC.

ROAD TRANSPORT IN BRAZIL: SOME TYPES of VISCOSITY

The planning of the transportation sector in Brazil has long been the railroads as the main engineering system of the country. Thus, it was used to carry, in addition to the physical integration of the national territory, the consolidation of its domestic market. However, after entering in the 1980s, the planning of the sector is left out, and an inversion of the matrix of development is observed, with share gains in monoculture economy and on development of new areas where agricultural expansion advanced. This situation culminated in logistics blackouts in the 1990s and the resumption of sector planning in the early twenty-first century. At this time, it establishes a new institutional apparatus that ensures the participation of private capital in the sector, as well as a new principle for resolving bottlenecks concentrated regions (economically dynamic), from targeting investments to areas of primary economies that only in recent decades have been incorporated into the national economy.

Tectonic setting and U/Pb zircon dating of the plutonic Socorro Complex in the Transpressive Rio Paraíba do Sul Shear Belt, SE Brazil

The Precambrian Rio Paraíba do Sul Shear Belt comprises a 200-km-wide anastomosing network of NE-SW trending ductile shear zones extending over 1000 km of the southeastern coast of Brazil. Granulitic, gneissic-migmatitic, and granitoid terrains as well as low- to medium-grade metavolcanosedimentary sequences are included within it. These rocks were affected by strong contractional, tangential tectonics, due to west-northwestward oblique convergence of continental blocks. Subsequent transpressional tectonics accomodated large dextral, orogen-parallel movements and shortening. The plutonic Socorro Complex is one of many deformed granites with a foliation subparallel to that of the shear belt and exposes crosscutting relationships between its tectonic, magmatic, and metamorphic structures. These relationships point to a continuous magmatic evolution related to regional thrusts and strike slip, ductile shear zones. The tectonic and magmatic structural features of the Serra do Lopo Granite provide a model of emplacement by sheeting along shear zones during coeval strike-slip and cross shortening of country rocks. Geochronological data indicate that the main igneous activity of Socorro Complex spanned at least 55 million years, from the late stage of the northwestward ductile thrusting (650 Ma), through right-lateral strike slip (595 Ma) deformation. The country rocks yield discordant age data, which reflect a strong imprint of the Transamazonian tectono-metamorphic event (1.9 to 2.0 Ma). We propose a model for the origin of calcalkaline granites of the Ribeira Belt by partial melting of the lower crust with small contributions of the lithospheric mantle during transpressional thickening of plate margins, which were bounded by deep shear zones. The transpressional regime also seems to have focused granite migration from deeper into higher crustal levels along these shear zones.

Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy 2010-2011: The region in the decade of the emerging economies

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