Busca por dimensões extras no detector CMS do large hadron collider

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Determinação de puberdade em cutias (Rodentia:Dasyproctidae) criadas em cativeiro, através da quantificação das células espermatogênicas

A cutia (Dasyprocta spp) é um roedor de médio porte, que apresenta o hábito de enterrar parte de seus alimentos, principalmente sementes, é considerado um dispersor em potencial, pois contribui com o reflorestamento natural. Por ser uma espécie muito procurada para consumo na área rural da Amazônia, o manejo em cativeiro e o conhecimento dos seus aspectos reprodutivos são formas alternativas para a criação de programas de produção e preservação dessa espécie com potencial econômico. O objetivo do presente trabalho, foi determinar o período que ocorre a puberdade, caracterizar os estádios do Ciclo do Epitélio Seminífero (CES), determinar a freqüência relativa dos estádios, calcular o rendimento geral da espermatogênese e o índice das células de sertoli. Foram utilizados 7 grupos com idade variando de 4 a 17 meses, os animais foram divididos em G1 (4 e 5 meses, n=4), G2 (6 e 7 meses, n=4), G3 (8 e 9 meses, n=4), G4 (10 e 11 meses, n=3), G5 (12 e 13 meses, n=4), G6 (14 e 15 meses, n=3) e G7 (16 e 17 meses, n=2). Ao atingir a idade programada os animais foram castrados, sob anestesia, e as amostras testiculares após biometria foram fixadas em ALFAC por 24 horas, submetidas ao processamento histológico de rotina, foram realizados cortes de 5 mm de espessura e os tecidos obtidos corados com HE. As fases de desenvolvimento reprodutivo, incluindo a puberdade, foram determinadas através da quantificação das células espermatogênicas de 10 túbulos seminíferos/animal com o contorno circular, os quais se encontravam no estádio I do CES, previamente caracterizado pelo método da morfologia tubular, que apresentou oito estádios do CES, e de 20 túbulos seminíferos/animal que não apresentavam espermatogênese completa, o número real das células foi obtido através da correção dos números brutos pelo diâmetro nuclear/nucleolar médio e espessura do corte histológico. Para determinar a freqüência relativa, 100 túbulos seminíferos de cada animal que já havia atingido a puberdade foram analisados. Os pesos corporal e testicular apresentaram correlações significativas com a idade e entre si. O peso corporal e biometria testicular aumentaram significativamente (P<0.05) até a maturidade sexual, onde na puberdade o PC e PT foram (1.903 + 0.55 Kg; 1.8 + 1.4 g, respectivamente) e na fase adulta foram (2.825 + 0.11Kg; 6.1 + 0.37g). Os grupos analisados foram classificados como G1 impúbere (13.21 + 1.6 mm); G2 pré-puberdade (7.09 + 1.7 mm); G3 puberdade (93.82 + 58.7 mm); G4 Pós-puberdade 1 (164.03 + 10.03 mm); G5 e G6 Pós-puberdade 2 de fase longa (173.8 + 10.5 mm; 185.9 + 1.5 mm) e G7 Adulto (238.8 + 72.6 mm). As células de sertoli, diminuiram significativamente (P<0.05) da fase impúbere (21.7 + 3.5 mm) até a puberdade (9.7 + 4.2 mm) onde iniciaram sua estabilização até a fase adulta (9.03 + 0.01mm). As células espermatogênicas apresentaram correlações altas e significativas com o peso testicular. As médias das seções transversais do diâmetro tubular aumentaram significativamente (P<0.05) entre os grupos analisados, G1 (109.5 + 4.6 mm); G2 (119.7 + 10 mm); G3 (174.6 + 24.1 mm); G4 (240.9 + 14.1 mm); G5 (219.6 + 9.8 mm); G6 (221.1 + 7.9 mm) e G7 (258.1 + 55.3 mm). Após a análise de 1600 túbulos seminíferos, os oito estádios caracterizados pelo método da morfologia tubular apresentaram as seguintes freqüências relativas: I (16.8 + 2.3%); II (18.8 + 3.4%); III (7.6 + 1.3%); IV (11.1 + 1.2%); V (21.2 + 4.2%); VI (10.4 + 3.4%); VII (7.9 + 2.4%); VIII (6.4 + 1.4%). A freqüência conjunta dos estádios foi pré-meiótica (43.5%), meiótica (10.7%) e pós-meiótica (45.8%). Portanto, a puberdade em cutias é alcançada no período de 8 e 9 meses, onde se observa maior produção das células espermatogênicas e estabelecimento das células de sertoli, a partir dessa fase inicia-se uma tentativa de estabilização das células espermatogênicas, o qual é acompanhado por uma tendência a estabilização do crescimento testicular.

Search for a new bottomonium state decaying to Upsilon(1S)pi(+)pi(-) in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Event activity dependence of (nS) production in=5.02 TeV pPb and=2.76 TeV pp collisions

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Measurement of associated W plus charm production in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Search for supersymmetry in events with b jets and missing transverse momentum at the LHC

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Measurement of prompt J/psi pair production in pp collisions at root s = 7 Tev

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Contaminação radioativa: aspectos fundamentais associados à poluição nuclear

Since its discovery, radioactivity has brought numerous benefits to human societies. It has many applications in medicine, serving as a tool for non-invasive methods for diagnosis and therapies against diseases such as cancer. It also applies to technologies for energy in nuclear power plants with relatively low impacts on terms of perfect security. All applications, however, have risks, requiring maximum caution to drive processes and operations involving radioactive elements because, once released into the environment, they have extremely harmful effects on organisms affected. This paper presents fundamental concepts and principles of nuclear physics in order to understand the effects of radioactive elements released into the environment, culminating on the issue of radioactive contamination. Literature review allowed us to understand the radioactive contamination problem on living beings. Three major nuclear accidents have happened in the last thirty years, two of them in consecutive years. The nuclear accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine, in 1986, polluted large areas, condemning hundreds of thousands of people to live with consequences of the accident and effects of radiation, killing thousands of people throughout the years. In 1987, a major radiological accident occurred in Goiania (GO) when a source of radioactive cesium was violated, leading to the death of those who had direct or indirect contact with cesium. The most recent accident, in March, 2011, was located at the nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, after an earthquake and tsunami hit the region. There is no extensive and accurate knowledge about the consequences of the contamination entailed in that accident, although it is possible to verify signals on a global scale. An analysis of reports of contamination of large areas generated by nuclear plants with release of hazardous wastes suggests it is necessary to rethink the energy matrix of the various countries...

Produção de partículas secundárias em reações de “spallation” induzidas por prótons

Cosmic radiation has been identi ed as one of the main hazard to crew, aircraft and sensitive equipments involved in long-term missions and even high-altitude commercial ights. Generally, shields are used in spatial units to avoid excessive exposure, by holding the incident radiation. Unfortunatelly, shielding in space is problematic, especially when high-energy cosmic particles are considered, due to the production of large number of secondary particles, mainly neutrons, protons and alpha particles, caused by spallation reactions and quasi-elastic processes of the corpuscular radiation with the shield. Good parameters for checking the secondary particle production at target material are diferential cross section and energy deposited in the shield. Addition experiments, some computer codes based on Monte Carlo method show themselves a suitable tool to calculate shield parameters, due to have evaluated nuclear data libraries implemented on the algorithm. In view of this, the aim of this work is determining the parameters evaluated in shielding materials, by using MCNPX code, who shows good agreement with experimental data from literature. Among the materials, Aluminium had lower emission and production of secondary particles

New physics from warped compact extra dimensions: from model building to colliders signals

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Plant identification based on leaf midrib cross-section images using fractal descriptors

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of a Z+(1540) resonance on K+N scattering

The impact of a (I=0, JP=1/2+)Z+(1540) resonance with a width of 5 MeV or more on the K+N(I=0) elastic cross section and on the P01 phase shift is examined within the KN meson-exchange model of the Jülich group. It is shown that the rather strong enhancement of the cross section caused by the presence of a Z + with the above properties is not compatible with the existing empirical information on KN scattering. Only a much narrower Z+ state could be reconciled with the existing data - or, alternatively, the Z + state must lie at an energy much closer to the KN threshold.

Quartic anomalous couplings in eγ colliders

We study the production of gauge-boson pairs at the next generation of linear e+e- colliders operating in the eγ mode. The processes eγ → VV′F (V,V′ = W,Z, or γ and F = e or ν) can give valuable information on possible deviations of the quartic vector-boson couplings from the Standard Model predictions. We establish the range of the new couplings that can be explored in these colliders based on a 3σ effect in the total cross section. We also present several kinematical distributions of the final state particles that could manifest the underlying new dynamics. Our results show that an eγ collider can extend considerably the bounds on anomalous interactions coming from oblique radiative corrections and from direct searches in e+e- colliders.

Excited fermion contribution to Z(0) physics at one loop

We investigate the effects induced by excited leptons at the one-loop level in the observables measured on the Ζ peak at LEP. Using a general effective Lagrangian approach to describe the couplings of the excited leptons, we compute their contributions to both oblique parameters and Ζ partial widths. Our results show that the new effects are comparable to the present experimental sensitivity, but they do not lead to a significant improvement on the available constraints on the couplings and masses of these states.

IR-visible upconversion and thermal effects in Pr3+/Yb3+-codoped Ga2O3 : La2S3 chalcogenide glasses

IR-visible upconversion fluorescence spectroscopy and thermal effects in pr(3+)/Yb3+-codoped Ga2O3:La2S3 chalcogenide glasses excited at 1.064 mum is reported. Intense visible upconversion emission in the wavelength region of 480-680 nm peaked around 500, 550, 620 and 660 nm is observed. Upconversion excitation of the Pr3+ excited-state visible emitting levels is achieved by st combination of phonon-assisted absorption, energy-transfer and phonon-assisted excited-state absorption processes. A threefold upconversion emission enhancement induced by thermal effects when the codoped sample was heated in the temperature range of 20-200 degreesC is demonstrated. The thermal-induced enhancement is attributed to a multiphonon-assisted anti-Stokes process which takes place in the excitation of the ytterbium and excited-state absorption of the praseodymium. The thermal effect is modelled by conventional rate equations considering temperature-dependent effective absorption cross-sections for the F-2(7/2)-F-2(5/2) ytterbium transition and (1)G(4)-P-3(0) praseadymium excited-state absorption, and it is shown to agree very well with experimental results. Frequency upconversion in singly Pr3+-doped samples pumped at 836 nm and 1.064 mum in a two-beam configuration is also examined.