977 resultados para Compressible elastic circular cylindrical tube


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A shock tube method is introduced to study the ionization–recombination kinetics of high temperature gas, in which a test gas is heated and ionized by a reflected shock wave and subsequently quenched by a strong rarefaction wave reflected on the end wall of the driver section as the main cooling wave associated with a rarefaction wave incident back into region 5 when the reflected shock wave interacts with the contact surface. As the quenching rate of the strong rarefaction wave reaches 106 K/s, a nonequilibrium ionization-recombination process occurs, during which the ion recombination with electrons dominates.

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In this paper,focusing of a toroidal shock wave propagating from a shock tube of an- nular cross-section into a cylindrical chamber was investigated numerically with the dispersion- controlled scheme. For CFD validation, the numerical code was rst applied to calculate both viscous and inviscid ows at a low Mach number of 1.5, which was compared with the experi- ment results and got better consistency. Then the validated code was used to calculate several cases for high Mach numbers. From the result, several major factors that in uent the ow, such as the Mach number and the viscosity, were analyzed detailedly and along with the high Mach number some unusual ow structure was observed and explained theoretically

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Experiments of direct initiation of hydrogen-oxygen by means of a hot turbulent jet were made. Results indicate that the length of ignition tube is the dominant factor in determining the ignition capability of hot turbulent jet, and that the ignition capability of turbulence jet increases with the length of ignition tube. Because this ignition capability can meet the demands of a gas-detonation-driver shock tunnel and it doesn't require additional facilities, the hot turbulent jet initiation method can be applied to large hydrogen-oxygen detonation-driver shock tunnels. Influences of obstacles on the ignition capability were also studied. It was found that the presence of obstacles weakens the ignition capability of a hot turbulent jet.

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In this paper, the transition of a detonation from deflagration was investigated numerically while a detonation wave propagates in a tube with a sudden change in cross section, referred to as the expansion cavity. The dispersion-controlled scheme was adopted to solve Euler equations of axis-symmetric flows implemented with detailed chemical reaction kinetics of hydrogen-oxygen (or hydrogen-air) mixture. The fractional step method was applied to treat the stiff problems of chemical reaction flow. It is observed that phenomena of detonation quenching and reigniting appear when the planar detonation front diffracts at the vertex of the expansion cavity entrance. Numerical results show that detonation front in mixture of higher sensitivity keeps its substantial coupled structure when it propagates into the expansion cavity. However, the leading shock wave decouples with the combustion zone if mixture of lower sensitivity was set as the initial gas.

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The induced flow fields by internal solitary waves and its actions on cylindrical piles in density stratified ocean with a basic density profile and a basic velocity profile are investigated. Some results, such as the time evolution of flow fields and hydrodynamic forces on the piles are yielded both by theoretical analysis and numerical calculation for general and specific cases. Several kinds of ambient sea conditions of the South China Sea are specified for numerical simulation. Moreover, the effects of relative density difference, depth ratio and wave steepness on maximal total force and total torque are analyzed.

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In this paper, an elastic and statistically brittle (ESB) model is applied to the process of damage evolution induced catastrophic rupture and the influence of localization and softening on catastrophic rupture is discussed. According to the analysis, the uncertainty of catastrophic rupture should be attributed to the unknown scale of localized zone. Based on the elastic and statistically brittle model but local mean field approximation, the relation between the scale of localized zone and catastrophic rupture is obtained and then justified with experiments. These results can not only give a deeper understanding of the mechanism governing catastrophic rupture, but also provide a possible tool to foresee the occurrence of catastrophic rupture.

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Size-dependent elastic properties of Ni nanofilms are investigated by molecular dynamics ( MD) simulations with embedded atom method (EAM). The surface effects are considered by calculating the surface relaxation, surface energy, and surface stress. The Young's modulus and yield stress are obtained as functions of thickness and crystallographic orientation. It is shown that the surface relaxation has important effects on the the elastic properties at nanoscale. When the surface relaxation is outward, the Young's modulus decreases with the film thickness decreasing, and vice versa. The results also show that the yield stresses of the films increase with the films becoming thinner. With the thickness of the nanofilms decreasing, the surface effects on the elastic properties become dominant.

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A theoretical model is presented to investigate the size-dependent elastic moduli of nanostructures with the effects of the surface relaxation surface energy taken into consideration. At nanoscale, due to the large ratios of the surface-to-volume, the surface effects, which include surface relaxation surface energy, etc., can play important roles. Thus, the elastic moduli of nanostructures become surface- and size-dependent. In the research, the three-dimensional continuum model of the nanofilm with the surface effects is investigated. The analytical expressions of five nonzero elastic moduli of the nanofilm are derived, and then the dependence of the elastic moduli is discussed on the surface effects and the characteristic dimensions of nanofilms.

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<正>生物力学研究的趋势十分明显的是,由宏观方面的研究转向细观和微观方面的研究。人们从个体、器官和组织的生物力学方面,转向细胞甚至分子水平的研究。在力的作用下,细胞的形态、生理作用等发生的变化引起了人们极大的兴趣,其中流体流动时剪应力对细胞的作用尤为人们所特别关注,因为有血液在血管中流动时的剪应力对血管内皮细胞的作用这样的实际生理背景。剪应力不但可以影响内皮细胞的形态结构,而且对在细胞诸多生理方面有影响。

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本文集共收录了作者24篇期刊论文和研究报告。其中,1943~1955年期间发表的14篇论文内容涉及直管中的可压缩流动、有限振幅柱面和球面波的传播、可压缩流体二维无旋亚声速、超声速混合型流动和上临界马赫数、光滑跨声速绕流及其稳定性、斜激波从平板边界层的反射、中等雷诺数下绕平板的流动等。1956~1957年期间发表的5篇论文:绕平板和楔的高超声速流动、普朗特数和解离对高超声速流动的影响以及增补的5篇文章是作者在高超声速流动领域的研究成果以及他在回国后的学术报告和发表的文章,涉及现代空气动力学的发展方向、发射卫星和返地回收的科学和技术问题,体现了他在参与“两弹一星”技术领导工作中的学术思想。
目录
1 On the force and moment acting on a body in shear flow(物体在剪切流中所受的力和力矩1943年)
2 The flow of a compressible viscous fluid through a straight pipe.(可压缩黏性流体在直管中的流动1943年)
3 Two dimensional irrotational mixed subsonic and supersonic flow of a compressible fluid and the upper critical Mach number(可压缩流体二维无旋亚声速和超声速混合型流动及上临界马赫数1946年)
4 On the stability of transonic flows(论跨声速流的稳定性1947年)
5 The propagation of a spherical or a cylindrical wave of finite amplitude and the production of shock waves(有限振幅球面波或柱面波的传播及激波的产生1947年)
6 Two-dimensional irrotational transonic flows of a compressible fluid(可压缩流体二维无旋跨声速流动1948年)
7 On the hodograph method(关于速度图方法1949年)
8 Two-dimensional transonic flow past airfoils(绕翼型的二维跨声速流1951年)
9 On the stability of two-dimensional smooth transonic flows(论二元光滑跨声速流的稳定性1951年)
10 On the flow of an incompressible viscous fluid past a flat plate at moderate Reynolds numbers(中等雷诺数下不可压缩黏性流体绕平板的流动1953年)
11 Reflection of a weak shock wave from a boundary layer along a flat plate.I:Interaction of weak shock waves with laminar and turbulent boundary lavers analyzed by momentum-integral method(弱激波从沿平板的边界层的反射Ⅰ:用动量积分方法分析弱激波与层流和湍流边界层的相互作用1953年)
12 Reflection of weak shock wave from a boundary layer along a flat plate.Ⅱ:Interaction of oblique shock wave with a laminar boundary layer analyzed by differential-equation method(弱激波从沿平板的边界层的反射Ⅱ:用微分方程方法分析斜激波与层流边界层的相互作用1953年)
13 Plane subsonic and transonic potential flows(平面亚、跨音速势流1954年)
14 A similarity rule for the interaction between a conical field and a plane shock(锥型流和激波相互作用的相似律1955年)
15 Viscous flow along a flat plate moving at high supersonic speeds(沿高超声速运动平板的黏性流动【Ⅰ】1956年)
16 Viscous flow along a flat plate moving at high supersonic speeds(沿高超声速运动平板的黏性流动【Ⅱ】1956年)
17 The effects of Prandtl number on high-speed viscous flows over a flat plate(Prandtl数对绕平板高速黏性流的影响1956年)
18 Compressible viscous flow past a wedge moving at hypersonic speeds(楔的高超声速可压缩黏性绕流1956年)
19 Dissociation effects in hypersonic viscous flows(高超声速黏性流动中的离解效应1957年)
20 现代空气动力学的问题(1957年)
2l 在关于苏联发射成功第一颗人造卫星座谈会上的发言记录(1957年)
22 高超速钝体湍流传热问题(1963年)
23 宇宙飞船的回地问题(1965年)
24 激波的介绍
郭永怀生平
郭永怀传

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Background: Poor outcomes of invasive candidiasis (IC) are associated with the difficulty in establishing the microbiological diagnosis at an early stage. New scores and laboratory tests have been developed in order to make an early therapeutic intervention in an attempt to reduce the high mortality associated with invasive fungal infections. Candida albicans IFA IgG has been recently commercialized for germ tube antibody detection (CAGTA). This test provides a rapid and simple diagnosis of IC (84.4% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity). The aim of this study is to identify the patients who could be benefited by the use of CAGTA test in critical care setting. Methods: A prospective, cohort, observational multicentre study was carried out in six medical/surgical Intensive care units (ICU) of tertiary-care Spanish hospitals. Candida albicans Germ Tube Antibody test was performed twice a week if predetermined risk factors were present, and serologically demonstrated candidiasis was considered if the testing serum dilution was >= 1: 160 in at least one sample and no other microbiological evidence of invasive candidiasis was found. Results: Fifty-three critically ill non-neutropenic patients (37.7% post surgery) were included. Twenty-two patients (41.5%) had CAGTA-positive results, none of them with positive blood culture for Candida. Neither corrected colonization index nor antifungal treatment had influence on CAGTA results. This finding could corroborate that the CAGTA may be an important biomarker to distinguish between colonization and infection in these patients. The presence of acute renal failure at the beginning of the study was more frequent in CAGTA-negative patients. Previous surgery was statistically more frequent in CAGTA-positive patients. Conclusions: This study identified previous surgery as the principal clinical factor associated with CAGTA-positive results and emphasises the utility of this promising technique, which was not influenced by high Candida colonization or antifungal treatment. Our results suggest that detection of CAGTA may be important for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in surgical patients admitted in ICU.