Relación entre el número de horas de cuidado informal y el estado de salud mental de las personas cuidadoras

Fundamento: La salud mental de las personas cuidadoras se ve perjudicada por las tareas de cuidado. Son necesarios estudios que especifiquen la influencia de diversas variables en la asociación entre cuidado informal y salud mental. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar los efectos del tiempo dedicado al cuidado informal en la salud mental por sexo según el tipo de personas dependientes. Métodos: Los datos que se utilizaron fueron los de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2006, cuya muestra estaba compuesta por 29.478 participantes. Variables: salud mental (GHQ-12), tiempo de cuidado, edad, clase social y apoyo funcional (Duke-UNC). Se realizó análisis de regresión logística para determinar la probabilidad de contar con mala salud mental según horas de cuidado, ajustado por edad, clase social y apoyo funcional. Resultados: Las mujeres presentan peor salud mental a partir de 97 horas semanales en el cuidado a menores (OR=1,372), de 25 horas en el cuidado a personas mayores de 74 años (OR=1,602 entre 25 y 48 horas; OR=1,467 49-96h; OR=1,874 97-168h) y cuando dedican alguna hora al cuidado de personas adultas con discapacidad (OR=1,996 0-24h; OR=2,507 25-48h; OR=3,016 49-96h; OR=1,651 97-168h). Los varones muestran deterioro de la salud psicológica cuando dedican un elevado número de horas al cuidado de personas mayores de 74 años (OR=2,810 97168h.) y personas con discapacidad (OR=3,411 97-168h.) y cuando dedican de 0 a 24h al cuidado de menores (OR=1,595). Conclusiones: El efecto del número de horas de cuidado en la salud mental de las personas cuidadoras está influido por el tipo de persona dependiente y por el sexo de la persona cuidadora.

Looking inside for good practice in Deaf bilingual education: a participatory SWOT analysis

Presentation to the Disability Studies Conference, Lancaster University, September 7-9, 2010.

Educación bilingüe del alumnado sordo: pilares para un cambio estratégico

Pese a los progresos logrados en la protección de los derechos fundamentales de salud y educación de las personas sordas usuarias de las lenguas de signos, a menudo se sigue negando a niños sordos su derecho a aprender y usar las lenguas de signos en su educación y en entornos físicos y psicosociales accesibles de conformidad con la Convención de los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad (CDPD) y con las recientes leyes 27/2007 y 17/2007. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue obtener información sobre los factores estratégicos que favorecen una escuela saludable e inclusiva, mediante programas de educación bilingüe sostenibles y de calidad para escolares sordos en España. La metodología utilizada consistió en un estudio descriptivo con componentes de investigación-acción participativa y un enfoque de análisis estratégico. Como resultados, cabe destacar que las principales macrotendencias que, en el ámbito internacional, han promovido el cambio hacia prácticas bilingües son dos: en primer lugar, los cambios sociales y políticos que tienden a una creciente aceptación de la diversidad y los temas relacionados con las personas sordas; y en segundo lugar, una tendencia a un activismo, una autoconciencia y un apoderamiento crecientes por parte de las personas sordas. Como contrapartida, las que lo han obstaculizado son, por un lado, la visión de la sordera como una condición médica, que puede solucionarse mediante la tecnología; y por otro lado, el fonocentrismo, unido a una cierta resistencia social a lo desconocido. Aunque en España algunas de las escuelas que han iniciado el cambio cumplen las recomendaciones de la CDPD, la mayoría están todavía en una fase preliminar de formulación o puesta en práctica de este nuevo modelo y distan mucho de encontrarse distribuidas de manera igualitaria en las diferentes comunidades autónomas. Como conclusión podemos decir que conseguir una educación más saludable e inclusiva para los escolares sordos implica poner en marcha una estrategia de actuación planificada en la que participen activamente todos los sectores y organismos relevantes implicados y, en particular, las comunidades sordas a través de las organizaciones que las representan. Sin un cambio radical de perspectiva, la salud y la educación no serán accesibles a todos y las desigualdades sociales se verán acentuadas.

La representación mediática del deportista con discapacidad en el reportaje televisivo. Informe Semanal, un estudio de caso

El tratamiento informativo de los Juegos Paralímpicos de 2008 en los medios españoles aparece ligado casi exclusivamente a los valores asociados al universo deportivo, según un estudio previo. Los paralímpicos son atletas, no personas con discapacidad. Ni se tendió al sensacionalismo ni se ofreció una imagen estereotipada. Debido a la particularidad del acontecimiento, también desaparecen reivindicaciones y problemas. Se trata de información deportiva en la que importa el resultado, los éxitos, las medallas. Para profundizar en la comprensión de la representación televisiva de los deportistas con discapacidad, el objeto de estudio es ahora la información televisiva al margen de la dinámica noticiosa de la cobertura diaria de los Juegos. El análisis de otro tipo de piezas, reportajes, ha permitido descubrir marcas tendentes a la estereotipación vinculadas al campo semántico periodístico, aquel que se hace visible a través del uso de recursos que propician la emotividad y la espectacularización. Emergen las historias de vida y detalles íntimos. Los protagonistas muestran una gran autoestima y una autoidentidad positiva al alejarse de las representaciones sociales habituales de la discapacidad.

Assessment of Web Content Accessibility Levels in Spanish Official Online Education Environments

Diversity-based designing, or the goal of ensuring that web-based information is accessible to as many diverse users as possible, has received growing international acceptance in recent years, with many countries introducing legislation to enforce it. This paper analyses web content accessibility levels in Spanish education portals according to the international guidelines established by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI). Additionally, it suggests the calculation of an inaccessibility rate as a tool for measuring the degree of non-compliance with WAI Guidelines 2.0 as well as illustrating the significant gap that separates people with disabilities from digital education environments (with a 7.77% average). A total of twenty-one educational web portals with two different web depth levels (42 sampling units) were assessed for this purpose using the automated analysis tool Web Accessibility Test 2.0 (TAW, for its initials in Spanish). The present study reveals a general trend towards non-compliance with the technical accessibility recommendations issued by the W3C-WAI group (97.62% of the websites examined present mistakes in Level A conformance). Furthermore, despite the increasingly high number of legal and regulatory measures about accessibility, their practical application still remains unsatisfactory. A greater level of involvement must be assumed in order to raise awareness and enhance training efforts towards accessibility in the context of collective Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), since this represents not only a necessity but also an ethical, social, political and legal commitment to be assumed by society.

Control and Guidance of Low-Cost Robots via Gesture Perception for Monitoring Activities in the Home

This paper describes the development of a low-cost mini-robot that is controlled by visual gestures. The prototype allows a person with disabilities to perform visual inspections indoors and in domestic spaces. Such a device could be used as the operator's eyes obviating the need for him to move about. The robot is equipped with a motorised webcam that is also controlled by visual gestures. This camera is used to monitor tasks in the home using the mini-robot while the operator remains quiet and motionless. The prototype was evaluated through several experiments testing the ability to use the mini-robot’s kinematics and communication systems to make it follow certain paths. The mini-robot can be programmed with specific orders and can be tele-operated by means of 3D hand gestures to enable the operator to perform movements and monitor tasks from a distance.

As consequências da não elaboração do Plano de Mobilidade Urbana na vida de munícipes com deficiência

O Plano de Mobilidade Urbana (PMU) pretende melhorar as condições em que se realizam os deslocamentos nas cidades, observando a acessibilidade para pessoas com deficiência. O PMU representa um avanço rumo à inclusão e um salto na qualidade de vida dos 45,6 milhões de brasileiros que possuem deficiência, uma vez que torna mais fácil ou até mesmo possível a circulação no espaço urbano e consequentemente o acesso a todos os bens e serviços que este oferece. Esta pesquisa objetiva avaliar os impactos negativos que a não elaboração do PMU pode gerar na vida de citadinos com deficiência e o quanto estes impactos podem comprometer o desenvolvimento sustentável das Cidades. Apenas 30% dos municípios brasileiros elaboraram o PMU no prazo estabelecido (abril/2015). Quando pessoas com deficiência nascem e crescem em regiões que não primam por sua inclusão, elas terão suas oportunidades de crescimento pessoal e profissional, comprometidas devido a ausência de acessibilidade, ao baixo acesso à saúde, à educação, ao emprego, à cultura e ao lazer. Por não desfrutarem de serviços e oportunidades, os citadinos com deficiência são reduzidos ao isolamento e os Municípios deixam de aproveitar fatia do potencial humano que poderia contribuir para seu sustentável desenvolvimento.

Reaching for a Calculator or a Mirror? Why the EU Joins International Human Rights Treaties. EU Diplomacy Paper 01/2013

Why does the European Union (EU) join international human rights treaties? This paper develops motivational profiles pertaining either to a ‘logic of appropriateness’ or a ‘logic of consequentialism’ in order to answer this question. It compares the EU’s motivations for its recent accession to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) with those dominating the EU’s nonaccession to the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention). Based on this cross-case analysis, I argue that the EU’s accession decisions are best viewed as cost-benefit calculations and explained by the strength of opposition and the desire to spread its norms. The EU is only marginally concerned with efforts to construct an ‘appropriate role’, although its accession considerations are positively influenced by (varying degrees) of an internalized commitment to human rights. The paper aims at deepening the understanding of the EU’s motivations in the paradigmatic hard case of accession to international human rights treaties not least to evaluate the EU’s ‘exceptional nature’, facilitate its predictability for stake-holders and contribute to political and ethical debates surrounding future rites of passage as a global actor.

Public feeling in Ukraine ahead of the parliamentary election. OSW Commentary No. 89, 2012-07-12

After two and a half years under President Viktor Yanukovych and the Party of Regions, the overwhelming majority of Ukrainians are dissatisfied with the state the country’s economy is currently in and the direction it has been developing in. There has also been a significant drop in stability and social security with the general public increasingly feeling that the government has little interest in their problems. Only 16% of Ukrainians believe that the current government has performed better than their predecessors, although overall confidence in both the ruling party and the opposition remains low. Nonetheless, falling support for the president and the Cabinet does not seem to have translated into greater popularity for the country’s opposition parties; these currently enjoy the confidence of only a quarter of the electorate. The clear lack of credibility for politicians on either side of the political spectrum, coupled with an almost universal preoccupation with the bare necessities of life, has shifted the political processes in Ukraine further down the agenda for the majority of Ukrainians. Ukraine’s poor economic performance, which over the last two years has been addressed through a series of highly unpopular economic reforms, has resulted in a growing mood of discontent and increased civil activity, with the Ukrainian people reporting a greater willingness than ever to join protests on social issues. Most of them, however, have shown much less interest in political rallies. This is likely to stem from low levels of trust in the opposition and the general belief that opposition politicians are not a viable alternative to the current government. One may therefore assume that there will be little public scrutiny of the parliamentary election scheduled for 28 October, and that the likelihood of mass demonstrations during it is low. However, in the event of large-scale vote rigging and a dismissive response from the government, spontaneous unsanctioned rallies cannot be ruled out. What is more likely, however, is a series of protests after the elections, when the already difficult economic situation is further exacerbated by a predicted rise in the price of gas for Ukrainian households and a possible move to devalue the Ukrainian hryvnia.

Atividade física adaptada na população com necessidades especiais

Na área da deficiência exige-se a intervenção de técnicos de diversas especialidades, atuando de forma articulada e concertada para responder às necessidades das pessoas com necessidades especiais. Neste contexto, o papel da atividade física, quando inserida em estilos de vida saudáveis, merece particular destaque, enquanto instrumento essencial para a melhoria da condição física, da qualidade de vida e do bem-estar das pessoas com deficiência. O conceito de atividade física na população com deficiência está igualmente associado a vertentes como a reabilitação, educação, competição e recreação, sendo cada vez mais evidente a ênfase colocada nos seus benefícios físicos, sociais e psicológicos. Em suma: a atividade física adaptada parece poder contribuir para desencadear efeitos positivos na sua saúde. O objetivo principal foi consolidar a visão estrutural e teórica do conceito de deficiência, necessidades especiais, atividade física adaptada e estilos de vida saudáveis.

An appropriate education for handicapped children of limited English proficiency /

Stamped on t.p.: ED224265.

Special education and the Hispanic child : proceedings from the second annual Colloquium on Hispanic Issues /

"August 1981."

Wheelchair securement on bus and paratransit vehicles /

"Report no. UMTA-CA-06-0098-81-1."

Controls over vocational rehabilitation training services need improvement, Rehabilitation Services Administration, Department of Health, Education and Welfare : report to the Congress /

Date on cover: May 5, 1977.

A proposed program for national action to combat mental retardation ; report to the President.

Mode of access: Internet.