El papel del clero en la expulsión de los jesuitas decretada por Carlos III en 1767

El presente trabajo trata sobre la reacción del clero secular y regular ante la expulsión de los jesuitas de la monarquía hispánica en 1767. Veremos las opiniones de algunos de los obispos favorables a la política regalista de Carlos III, y cómo actuaron antes la operación mejor diseñada y más eficaz contra la Compañía de Jesús en los amplios territorios del monarca Borbón. Al mismo tiempo, analizaremos los comentarios de los propios expulsos sobre el clero español y las consecuencias que tuvieron ambas reacciones.

Religiosas y laicas en el franquismo: entre la dictadura y la oposición

En este trabajo se ofrece un estado de la cuestión sobre la evolución de las religiosas y las seglares, de clase media y obreras, de Acción Católica en el franquismo, una dictadura que encontró en la Iglesia a uno de sus principales apoyos. En los años cuarenta y cincuenta participan del control político y moral de las españolas y su presencia pública es destacada. En las décadas siguientes experimentan un profundo cambio hacia un mayor compromiso, todo lo cual conduce a un escenario de tensiones con la dictadura y la jerarquía eclesiástica, y a una crisis que da lugar a la secularización de muchas religiosas y al abandono de Acción Católica de numerosas militantes; en esta etapa de mayor testimonio sin embargo su reconocimiento disminuye.

La Huerta de Orihuela en el Bajo Segura. Elementos funcionales en la configuración del paisaje

Clara García Mayor y Gregorio Canales Martínez nos presentan un trabajo muy original en el que plasman, en perfecta armonía y equilibrio, la interpretación de un paisaje cultural singular desde los postulados de la arquitectura, la primera, y de la geografía humana, el segundo. Esta colaboración resulta sumamente idónea para aprehender los elementos y mecanismos que crean, configuran y estructuran el espacio huertano tradicional que existe en la actualidad en la comarca más meridional de la provincia de Alicante… En definitiva, este libro constituye una valiosa aportación científica para comprender nuevos aspectos relacionados con este paisaje secular y también un alegato en defensa del mismo, pues los autores tienen bien asumido que el rigor y la objetividad no excluyen ni están reñidos con el compromiso crítico con la sociedad en la que viven y la realidad de su entorno.

Los espacios para el ocio de la oligarquía alicantina en el siglo XIX

El objetivo de este trabajo es el análisis de los espacios públicos donde la oligarquía alicantina interactúa en su tiempo libre. A este respecto, encontramos referencias donde se describen los paseos por las alamedas de la ciudad, las tertulias en los cafés y la asistencia tanto a los teatros como a los toros; junto a la concurrencia a los baños públicos y a las celebraciones religiosas y profanas. Por último, destaca una actividad: los desplazamientos fuera del domicilio habitual. Estos tienen una motivación extraeconómica que obedece a la búsqueda de unas condiciones climáticas favorables y de relación social en las diferentes villas de la huerta alicantina. Ello sugiere que la vida social de la capital se traslada a la mencionada huerta donde se organizarían tertulias, recepciones, fiestas así como algún espectáculo musical y teatral.

" Adoremus in æternum" &c: a canon for three tenors or sopranos

by Louis Cherubini ; with an accompt for stringed instts or pianoforte ad lib.

Enchiridion ethicum ad theses contractiores redactum in usum pupillorum, p. D. J. L., 1694

Forty-six-page notebook in modern hardcover binding containing John Leverett's edited version of Henry More's "Enchiridion ethicum" transcribed in Latin in 1694. The last page of the document includes entries in Leverett's hands: "Colom // January 17 1690/1," "Winth // January 31 1692/3", and "Vaug // Marty 10 1695/6." The inscriptions and notes likely refer to Benjamin Colman (Harvard AB 1692), Adam Winthrop (Harvard AB 1694), and George Vaughn (Harvard AB 1696).

An abridgment of what I extracted while an undergraduate at Harvard College, 1766-1769

The bound volume contains excerpts copied by Benjamin Wadsworth from books he read as a student at Harvard in the late 1760s. The volume includes almost no personal commentary on the readings. The excerpts are arranged by year of study for the academic years 1766-1769, beginning when Wadsworth was a sophomore. Each entry begins with a title indicating the book title and author for the passage, and there is an alphabetical index at the end of the volume. Wadsworth selected “extracts” from both religious and secular texts including several histories of England, American histories (with a focus on Puritans), the Bible, and in his senior year, “the Koran of Mohammed.” He also read several books on the art of speech and the art of preaching. There are few science texts included, though the final five-page entry is titled, “What I thought fit to note down from Mr. Winthrop’s experimental Lectures” and contains notes both on the content of Professor John Winthrop’s lectures as well as the types of experiments being performed in class. Wadsworth’s commonplace book offers a window on the state of higher education in the eighteenth century and offers a firsthand account of academic life at Harvard College.

Letter from Benjamin Colman to Edward Wigglesworth about John Leverett, 1728 March 4

Benjamin Colman wrote this letter to Edward Wigglesworth on March 4, 1728; it was sent from Colman, in Boston, to Wigglesworth, in Cambridge. The letter concerns their mutual friend, John Leverett, who had died several years before. It appears that Wigglesworth was charged with writing an epitaph for Leverett and had solicited input from Colman. Colman writes of his great admiration for Leverett, praising his "virtue & piety, wisdom & gravity [...] majesty & authority [...] eye & voice, goodness & courtesie."

U, FE, AND LI ISOTOPE RATIOS IN THE MINERALIZED AND BARREN AREAS OF THE KOMBOLGIE BASIN

The Paleo- to Meso-Proterozoic Jabiluka unconformity related uranium mine is located within the Alligator River Uranium Field, found in the Northern Territories, Australia. The uranium ore is hosted in the late middle Paleoproterozoic Cahill Formation, which is unconformably overlain by a group of unmetamorphosed conglomerates known as the Kombolgie subgroup. The Kombolgie subgroup provided the source for oxidized basinal brines, carrying U as the mobile form U(VI), which interacted with reducing lithologies in the Cahill formation, thus reducing U(VI) to the solid U(IV), and leading to the precipitation of uraninite (UO2). In order to characterize fluid interaction with the ore body and compare that to areas without mineralization, several isotopic tracers were studied on a series of clay samples from drill core at Jabiluka as well as in barren areas throughout the ARUF. Among the potential tracers, three were selected: U (redox sensitive and recent fluid mobilization), Fe (redox sensitive), and Li (fractionated by hydrothermal fluids and adsorption reactions). δ238U values were found to be closely linked to the mineralogy, with samples with higher K/Al ratios (indicating high illite and low chlorite concentrations) having higher δ238U values. This demonstrates that 235U preferentially absorbs onto the surface of chlorite during hydrothermal circulation. In addition, δ234U values lie far from secular equilibrium (δ234U of 30‰), indicating there was addition or removal of 234U from the surface of the samples from recent (<2.5Ma) interactions of mobile fluids. δ57Fe values were found to be related to lithology and spatially to known uranium deposits. Decreasing δ57Fe values were found with increasing depth to the unconformity in a drill hole directly above the ore zone, but not in drill holes in the barren area. Similarly to δ238U, δ7Li is found to correlate with mineralogy, with higher δ7Li values associated with samples with more chlorite. In addition, higher δ7Li values are found at greater depth throughout the basin, indicating that the direction of the mineralizing fluid circulation was upwards from the Cahill formation to the Kombolgie subgroup.

"Fit Cradle of the Reviving Art": An inquiry into the the Evolving Material Reality of the Murals in the Camposanto of Pisa from the Perspective of their British Reception from the 17th to the 19th century

The Camposanto of Pisa is an extraordinarily complex and evocative monument, which has captured the imagination of pilgrims, both religious and secular, for centuries. The late Medieval and early Renaissance wall paintings that line the perimeter of the portico surrounding a vast inner courtyard, are unparalleled in early Italian art, not only for their striking variety of composition and narrative complexity, but also for the sheer grandeur of their proportion. However, the passage of time has scarred the structure of the Camposanto and inflicted terrible damage on its wall paintings. This thesis explores the material reality of the Camposanto as experienced over three centuries through the eyes of British travelers. In order to situate the Camposanto mural cycle within an historical and cultural context, the first chapter provides an overview of the construction and decoration of the monument. Notably, Giorgio Vasari (1511-1574), the Italian Humanist often recognized as the father of art history, included numerous descriptions of the Camposanto murals in his highly influential text Vite de' più eccellenti pittori, scultori, ed architettori. Accordingly, the second chapter provides an analysis of Vasari’s descriptions and reflects upon the influence that the Renaissance author may have had upon the subsequent British reception of the Camposanto murals. The third chapter utilizes three centuries of travel writing in order to investigate the aesthetic impact of the Camposanto mural cycle upon British tourists from the seventeenth through to the nineteenth century.

L'évolution des voix/voies de femmes dans leurs écrits sur l'Église aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles

Feminist movements have allowed many female authors to become decisive and influential figures in literary history by studying their experiences, voices and forms of resistance. This thesis, however, focuses specifically on religious women, those seeking divine comfort outside the confines of institutional laws, or those who, out of protest, are caught in the middle. Founded on historical and feminist perspectives, this study examines the heterodox resistance of six French women living within or outside of Church boundaries during the 17th and 18th centuries: two eras that are particularly significant for women’s progress and modernity. This work strives to demonstrate how these women, doubly subjected to Church discourse and that of society, managed to live out their vocation (female and Christian) and make social, cultural and religious statements that contributed to changing the place of women in society. It aims to grasp the similarities and differences between the actions and ideas of women belonging to both the religious and secular spheres. Regardless of the century, the space and their background, women resist to masculine, patriarchal, ecclesial, political and social mediation and institutions. In locating examples of how they oppose the practices, rules and constraints that are imposed upon them, as well as of their exclusion from the socio-political space, this thesis also seeks to identify epistemological changes that mark the transition from the 17th to the 18th century. This thesis firstly outlines the necessary feminist theory upon which the project is based before identifying the evolution of women’s positions within the socio-ideological and political framework in which they lived. The questions of confession and spiritual direction are of particular interest since they serve as prime examples of masculine mediation and its issues and consequences – most notably the control of the female body and mind. The illustration of bodily metamorphoses bear testament to ideological changes, cultural awareness and female subjectivity, just as the scriptural inscriptions of unorthodox ideas and writing. The female body, both object and subject of the quest for individual and collective liberties, attests, in this way, to the movement towards Enlightenment values of freedom and justice.

An Assessment of US Progress towards its Pledge on Climate Change Mitigation. CEPS ECP Report No. 12, 15 October 2012

In 2009, President Obama pledged that, by 2020, the United States would achieve reductions in greenhouse gas emissions of 17% from 2005 levels. With the failure of Congress to adopt comprehensive climate legislation in 2010, the feasibility of the pledge was put in doubt. However, we find that the United States is near to reaching this goal: the country is currently on course to achieve reductions of 16.3% from 2005 levels in 2020. Three factors contribute to this outcome: greenhouse gas regulations under the Clean Air Act, secular trends including changes in relative fuel prices and energy efficiency and sub-national efforts. Perhaps even more surprising, domestic emissions are probably lower than would have been the case if the Waxman-Markey cap-and-trade proposal had become law in 2010. At this point, however, the United States is expected to fail to meet its financing commitments under the Copenhagen Accord for 2020.

A posição de Anselmo face ao uso do poder civil

O presente artigo constitui um estudo da posição de Anselmo face ao uso do poder civil (autoridade secular), especialmente no período que medeia a sua nomeação para arcebispo de Cantuária (1093) e a reconciliação com Henrique I (1105), com base em algumas das suas Cartas. Articulam-se três pontos: 1. Pressupostos histórico-jurídicos, i.e, a Reforma Clunicense (como exemplo de governo translocal, hierárquico e colectivo) e a Revolução Gregoriana (como momento de ruptura fundamental na continuidade histórica da Igreja). 2. Apreensão anselmiana da questão acerca da justificação do poder: Anselmo reitera constantemente a sua fidelidade à autoridade apostólica, mas também reconhece uma certa legitimidade fora do domínio eclesiástico. Na linha de Gregório VII, a distinção entre os dois poderes pressupõe a primazia do papado (querela das Investiduras); contudo, a polarização no poder espiritual encontra sobretudo as exigências da razão (sola ratione), não do fideísmo. Eis por que Sto. Anselmo não poderia ter uma visão negativa do saeculum. 3. Nexo entre teologia e política: a separação, a concorrência, a interacção, entre as jurisdições espiritual e secular constitui a verdadeira fonte de determinação de significado conferido por Anselmo ao poder civil. O artigo conclui com as implicações positivas da noção anselmiana de poder.