La gripe: causa frecuente de incapacidad temporal en personal sanitario

La gripe representa un importante problema de salud pública ya que es una de las principales causas de infección respiratoria en la población, con elevada capacidad de transmisión. El personal sanitario se considera un colectivo de riesgo para contraer dicha enfermedad. Este trabajo analiza el impacto que tienen la gripe y otras infecciones respiratorias agudas, como causa de incapacidad laboral en el personal sanitario en la Comunidad Valenciana y posibles factores determinantes de dicha situación en el periodo estudiado. Se analizan las cifras de cobertura vacunal en los últimos años y se proponen estrategias de intervención por parte del Servicio de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales, dirigidas a mejorar la cobertura en los trabajadores expuestos al riesgo de contraer gripe, dado que la vacuna de la gripe estacional es la medida preventiva más eficaz para evitar la enfermedad, reduciendo así las posibles situaciones de incapacidad temporal.

JOSE FIGUERES FERRER. DOCTOR HONORIS CAUSA POR LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL

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SÍNDROME DE MELAS COMO CAUSA INHABITUAL DE ACV ISQUÉMICO: Presentación de un caso clínico

Las mitocondriopatías son un amplio espectro de patologías caracterizadas por un metabolismo mitocondrial anómalo. Dentro de estas enfermedades se incluye la MELAS, cuya sigla en inglés significa encefalomiopatía mitocondrial, acidosis láctica y episodios “stroke-like”. Se trata de un síndrome de presentación clínica heterogénea que debe considerarse como causa inhabitual de accidente cerebro vascular-símil en los pacientes jóvenes. La resonancia magnética puede otorgar la clave diagnóstica al mostrar áreas de isquemia cerebral sin respeto de los territorios vasculares arteriales. La biopsia muscular con el hallazgo de las fibras rojas rasgadas puede sugerir enfermedad mitocondrial. El diagnóstico definitivo de MELAS se realiza mediante análisis genético por demostración de mutaciones en el ADNm. Se presenta el primer caso clínico confirmado de MELAS con episodios “stroke-like” en la edad adulta reportado en nuestro país

Atritis gotosa como causa de pie de riesgo

INTRODUCCIÓN: La gota es una manifestación común de la artritis, cuya inflamación se debe al depóstido de cristales de uratao monosódico en articulaciones y tejidos blandos por un aumento de ácido úrico en sangre y su padecimiento muestra una relación creciente con la edad. OBJETIVOS: Analizar las características fisiopatológicas de la artritis gotosa en el pie así como justificar la repercusión negativa que tiene su padecimiento en la calidad de vida de la población basándose en la simple afectación del pie. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica basada en la búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed y Scopus empleando los descriptores "gout", "gouty arthritis", "foot", "healing", "ulcer" y "wound". Se filtraron los artículos publicados posteriormente al año 2010 en inglés y castellano. RESULTADOS: Los niveles altos de ácido úrico en úlceras están relacionados con su gravedad y la mala cicatrización. La artritis gotosa en el pie se manifiesta mayoritariamente en la 1ª AMTF, siendo esto más común en hombres (68,6%) que en mujeres (31,8%). La manifestación en el pie se da al inicio de la enfermedad en el 43-76% de los casos. Su repercusión a nivel biomecánico-postural da lugar a zonas de presión anormales en el pie pudiendo causar complicaciones secudndarias (por ejemplo úlceras). DISCUSIÓN/CONCLUSIONES: La gota se relaciona íntimamente con la obesidad, el envejecimiento, la diabetes, patologías vasculares y más enfermedades concomicantes que están muy ligadas a la aparición de úlceras y su infeccción. ÇEl pie se ve afectado tanto en su función articular como muscular en este tipo de pacientes y el calzado es una interveción eficaz para reducir la discapacidad, deterioro, dolor y mejorar la marcha. Tanto en esto último como en la curaión de las zonas ulceradas y en la prevención de la artritis gotosa, el podólogo juega un papel fundamental.

Posible transgresión de las libertades individuales por causa del principio de diferencia propuesto por John Rawis, una crítica desde la perspectiva de Amartya Sen

Bogotá (Colombia) : Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Programa de Filosofía y Letras

Una causa reversible de fracaso ventricular derecho agudo tras el trasplante cardiaco

SIN FINANCIACIÓN

Resolución 133 del 07 de julio de 2008: ¿Cuál es el criterio que tiene la cámara de comercio para evaluar el negocio jurídico de cesión de cuotas sociales? ¿ Cómo entiende la Cámara de comercio la adjudicación de cuotas sociales en virtud de una sucesión por causa de muerte? ¿Cuál es el efecto que tiene el embargo de las cuotas sociales sobre la adjudicación de las mismas por vía de la sucesión?

Servicios registrales

Malária: é a quarta maior causa de óbitos em crianças no mundo.

Infográfico sobre a Malária nas crianças. Traz uma definição da doença, número de casos, locais de ocorrência, meios de prevenção e soluções.

Doença de Alzheimer: a principal causa de demência nos idosos e seus impactos na vida dos familiares e cuidadores

O envelhecimento da população brasileira tem algumas tendências que são similares ao nível internacional. O aumento da população de idade avançada devido a baixa natalidade, o aumento de esperança de vida, o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias a proporcionar tratamentos que até a alguns anos eram impossíveis, uma perspectiva e um prognóstico favorável de vida para alguns transtornos, dentre eles as demências. Este trabalho prevê, de maneira simples, sobre a doença de Alzheimer como principal causa de demência e é direcionado às famílias e ao público em geral. Apresenta informações úteis e práticas sobre como lidar com a doença e como organizar a auto-ajuda e apoio mútuo a famílias com membros afetados por demência. Quando em casa existe um enfermo da Doença de Alzheimer todos têm que contribuir em algo para a sua vida pessoal. Convém buscar a situação melhor para todos, embora obviamente a família encontrar-se-á mais ocupada e angustiada. Os cuidados curativos ou paliativos devem ser feitos com continuidade e sem abandonos, evitando e protegendo a família contra a desesperança. Com uma informação adequada em cada momento e incluindo a família como objetivo terapêutico.

Aplicação do escore MELD em pacientes submetidos a transplante de fígado: análise retrospectiva da sobrevida e dos fatores preditivos a curto e longo prazo

BACKGROUND: The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) was developed to predict short-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis. There are few reports studying the correlation between MELD and long-term posttransplantation survival. AIM: To assess the value of pretransplant MELD in the prediction of posttransplant survival. METHODS: The adult patients (age >18 years) who underwent liver transplantation were examined in a retrospective longitudinal cohort of patients, through the prospective data base. We excluded acute liver failure, retransplantation and reduced or split-livers. The liver donors were evaluated according to: age, sex, weight, creatinine, bilirubin, sodium, aspartate aminotransferase, personal antecedents, brain death cause, steatosis, expanded criteria donor number and index donor risk. The recipients' data were: sex, age, weight, chronic hepatic disease, Child-Turcotte-Pugh points, pretransplant and initial MELD score, pretransplant creatinine clearance, sodium, cold and warm ischemia times, hospital length of stay, blood requirements, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT >1,000 UI/L = liver dysfunction). The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used for the univariable analyses of posttransplant patient survival. For the multivariable analyses the Cox proportional hazard regression method with the stepwise procedure was used with stratifying sodium and MELD as variables. ROC curve was used to define area under the curve for MELD and Child-Turcotte-Pugh. RESULTS: A total of 232 patients with 10 years follow up were available. The MELD cutoff was 20 and Child-Turcotte-Pugh cutoff was 11.5. For MELD score > 20, the risk factors for death were: red cell requirements, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. For the patients with hyponatremia the risk factors were: negative delta-MELD score, red cell requirements, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. The regression univariated analyses came up with the following risk factors for death: score MELD > 25, blood requirements, recipient creatinine clearance pretransplant and age donor >50. After stepwise analyses, only red cell requirement was predictive. Patients with MELD score < 25 had a 68.86%, 50,44% and 41,50% chance for 1, 5 and 10-year survival and > 25 were 39.13%, 29.81% and 22.36% respectively. Patients without hyponatremia were 65.16%, 50.28% and 41,98% and with hyponatremia 44.44%, 34.28% and 28.57% respectively. Patients with IDR > 1.7 showed 53.7%, 27.71% and 13.85% and index donor risk <1.7 was 63.62%, 51.4% and 44.08%, respectively. Age donor > 50 years showed 38.4%, 26.21% and 13.1% and age donor <50 years showed 65.58%, 26.21% and 13.1%. Association with delta-MELD score did not show any significant difference. Expanded criteria donors were associated with primary non-function and severe liver dysfunction. Predictive factors for death were blood requirements, hyponatremia, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. CONCLUSION: In conclusion MELD over 25, recipient's hyponatremia, blood requirements, donor's sodium were associated with poor survival.

Frequency of the different mutations causing spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA1, SCA2, MJD/SCA3 and DRPLA) in a large group of Brazilian patients

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) and Machado-Joseph disease or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (MJD/SCA3) are three distinctive forms of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) caused by expansions of an unstable CAG repeat localized in the coding region of the causative genes. Another related disease, dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is also caused by an unstable triplet repeat and can present as SCA in late onset patients. We investigated the frequency of the SCA1, SCA2, MJD/SCA3 and DRPLA mutations in 328 Brazilian patients with SCA, belonging to 90 unrelated families with various patterns of inheritance and originating in different geographic regions of Brazil. We found mutations in 35 families (39%), 32 of them with a clear autosomal dominant inheritance. The frequency of the SCA1 mutation was 3% of all patients; and 6 % in the dominantly inherited SCAs. We identified the SCA2 mutation in 6% of all families and in 9% of the families with autosomal dominant inheritance. The MJD/SCA3 mutation was detected in 30 % of all patients; and in the 44% of the dominantly inherited cases. We found no DRPLA mutation. In addition, we observed variability in the frequency of the different mutations according to geographic origin of the patients, which is probably related to the distinct colonization of different parts of Brazil. These results suggest that SCA may be occasionally caused by the SCA1 and SCA2 mutations in the Brazilian population, and that the MJD/SCA3 mutation is the most common cause of dominantly inherited SCA in Brazil.

Avaliação de linhas de beneficiamento e impactos de queda na qualidade de caqui Rama Forte

Excessive and inadequate handling of fruits and vegetables provides high incidences of physical damage, consequently, post harvest losses. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the impact magnitude in persimmon packing lines, Rama Forte, and to determine, at the laboratory, its impact limits. For evaluating the critical points it was used an instrumented sphere of 76 mm of diameter (Technmark, Inc, Lansing, USA), which registered the impact magnitude in seven distinctive impact lines located in four packing houses. For determining physical damages, tests were carried out at the laboratory, where fruit drop was related to impact magnitude, physical damage incidence and fruit post harvest losses. At the packing lines, the values found varied from 21 to 87 G on the transfer points and the majority of registered impacts (over 94%) were down 50G. Drops from 20 cm caused an increase in weight losses after six days of storage at room temperature. Drops from 20 and 30 cm caused skin darkness (low L values), associated to a decrease in color intensity (chroma). Impact drop did not affect pulp fruit chemical features.

Folhas verdes, folhas secas, fibra do colmo e a clarificação do caldo de cana-de-açúcar

The presence of vegetal impurities in sugarcane delivered to sugarmills as green and dry leaves is a problem not only because they are non-value materials to be processed along with sugarcane stalks, but also because they can rise the color of the clarified juice and, consequently, the color of the sugar produced, with a reduction of its quality for the market. Another problem is the mud volume sedimented in the clarifiers, which also can result in a larger recirculation and greater volume of filtrate juice, with higher losses of sucrose and utilization of the vacuum rotary filters. The objective of this work was to observe the effect of the presence of green and dry leaves on sugarcane juice clarification, related to a control treatment with the addition of fiber extracted from the stalks. The experiments were planned based on the addition of quantities of fibrous sources in order to formulate samples with absolute increase of 0.25 , 0.50 and 0.75 percentual points over the fiber content of the sugarcane stalks (control treatment). The juice clarification was conducted with a laboratory clarifier. The clarified juice color and the mud volume were evaluated. The presence of green leaves caused higher color and mud volume due to the extraction of non-sucrose components of the leaves. Soluble compounds of dry leaves were also extracted, though not detected by juice analysis. The addition of the fiber extracted from the stalks did not induce alterations in the clarification process.