El reclamo en el estante: materia para una reedición de la "Floresta de rimas antiguas castellanas" de Böhl de Faber (1821-1825)

Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.

A misericórdia do Porto e os seus hospitais como centros de formação de cirurgiões (1639-1825)

Desde o início do século XVI que a Coroa portuguesa investiu na regulação das “artes da cura”, de formação académica mas também empírica, com o propósito de organizar um campo em completa desordem, de que resultavam “grandes perdas para o reino”. No entanto, a estrutura então criada assentou em entidades concorrenciais, com poderes sobrepostos e em permanente conflito, elementos determinantes para o estudo da construção das profissões de saúde no período moderno. Entre estas, o domínio era dos cirurgiões, que aprendiam pela prática quotidiana, às vezes em contexto hospitalar. O hospital administrado pela Misericórdia do Porto foi um dos principais centros formadores de cirurgiões a nível nacional, condição que, por sua vez, facilitava o acesso à carreira de examinador. Como se organizava o ensino da cirurgia no hospital da Misericórdia do Porto? Quem foram os seus professores e quantos alunos licenciaram? Que redes construíram e como as geriram? Serão estas algumas das questões a que se procurará dar resposta na presente comunicação. O trabalho a apresentar assume‑se como uma mera abordagem preliminar e exploratória a uma base de dados que reúne cerca de 20 mil licenças para o exercício de várias profissões de saúde, em Portugal e no Império, atribuídas e/ou reconhecidas por diferentes organismos da administração central entre os finais do século XV e 1825, ano em que, através das Escolas Medico‑Cirurgicas, se constituiu um novo paradigma de formação de cirurgiões. Basicamente serão testadas as relações entre o hospital e outras entidades com competências para examinar praticantes de cirurgia, perscrutando‑se a influência de possíveis círculos pessoais e profissionais bem como o seu raio de acção. O objectivo principal será o de procurar padrões de actuação e identificar tendências dominantes que permitam construir hipóteses de análise que possam ser aplicadas a todo o país.

La construcción nacional del territorio de Guatemala, 1825-1934

ResumenCon base en la interpretación de mapas antiguos y el análisis del discurso de los decretos dictados por diversos gobiernos guatemaltecos en materia de territorialidad, los autores avanzan algunas explicaciones para entender la fragmentación del territorio guatemalteco en numerosos departamentosAbstractReying of interpretation of old maps and discursive analysis of the decrees issued by various Guatemalan governments regalding territoriality, the authors put forth several explanations for the fragmentation of Guatemala's territory into numerous departments

Comentario de “La huelga de los Tútiles, 1887-1889. Un capítulo de nuestra historia social, de Oscar Aguilar B”

Introducción En las dos últimas décadas la historia de la clase trabajadora costarricense ha ido lentamente a partir de los trabajos de De la Cruz, Fallas Monge y Oliva  Medina. No obstante, es mucho mayor lo que desconocemos que lo que sabemos. Así, a  pesar de que dicha historia ha estado jalonada por algunos movimientos huelguísticos importantes, pocos de tales conflictos han sido objeto de una investigación histórica detallada. En este sentido, la obra que comentamos constituye una útil contribución a este campo del saber histórico en nuestro país.

Efeito da adubação nitrogenada na incidência do pulgão Cerosipha forbesi (Weed, 1889) em morangueiro Fragaria vesca L.

Com o objetivo de examinar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada na incidência do pulgao Cerosipha forbesi, foi instalado em maio de 1991, no campo experimental da EMBRAPA - CNPDA, em Jaguariúna,SP, um experimento em blocos causalizados com 4 repetições e 3 tratamentos, sendo T1, testemunha com 0 grama de sulfato de amônia por parcela; T2 com aplicação de 200 gramas de sulfato de amônia por parcela e T3 com 2000 gramas de sulfato de amônia por parcela. Cada parcela constou 4 fileiras com 10 plantas cada, sendo a parcela útil as duas fileiras centrais menos as plantas das extremidades. A avaliação foi feita em dezembro de 1991, tomando-se ao acaso 5 plantas da parcela útil, nas quais foram constados os pulgões encontrados. Os dados originais receberam transformação de arco-seno raiz quadrada de y. A maior incidência de pulgões foi verificada no tratamento testemunha - (7,712), seguido de tratamento T3 (4,249) e T2 (2,607). Não Houve diferença significativa pelo teste de Ducan ao nivel de 5% entre os tratamentos T1 e t2. Nesse experimento nao se verificou aumento da incidência do pulgão com o aumento da dose de nitrigenio.

Parasitismo em cochonilha Selenaspidus articulatus (Morgan, 1889) (hemiptera/Homoptera, Diaspididae) em citros nas regiões de Jaguariúna e Limeira, SP.

O diaspidideo S. articulatus e uma praga polifaga que vem infestando citros em várias regiões do Brasil e de outros países que praticam a citricultura. Sugando a seiva e inoculando toxinas na planta hospedeira, vem causando sérios prejuízos a citricultura nacional. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação do parasitismo da cochonilha por microhimenopteros na região de Jaguariúna-SP e Limeira-SP. Alem do parasitismo por microhimenopteros, encontrou-se o fungo Aschersonia aleyrodis infestando fêmeas de S. articulatus. Observou-se que em época de menor incidência da cochonilha, ocorria maior incidência do parasitismo. Foi observado também menor incidência dessa praga em pomares não capinados e não pulverizados.

Members abroad - Australia - Brisbane and the Gold Coast

Brisbane's sub-tropical climate, vegetation and urban history as a British settlement, endow the region with many characteristics that are familiar in KwaZulu-Natal. Brisbane settlement, firstly as a penal conlony to accommodate the hardiest criminals dispatched from Sydney, was established in 1825 on a wide river, several kilometers upstream from Moreton Bay with the Pacific Ocean beyond. The penal colony was short lived and was soon opened up to free settlement in 1842. The growth of the fledgling town was characterized by brick warehouse and service buildings to the port that was established on its riverbanks, resembling those of the old Point Road area in Durban. Government and administration buildings heralded Brisbane as the captial city of the State of Queensland, annexed from New South Wales in 1859. Morphological studies reveal that Brisbane had reached its first zenith around 1930 as a commerical city of four and five storey buildings. The urban form remained stagnant until the post-1960's building boom and the developments from this period on, consolidated land amalgamations largely ignoring the urban characteristics of the established city. Public space was poorly observed, resulting in a city that had turned its back on the river. It is only in recent times that the currency of good urban design, under the custodial direction of the City Council, has fostered a re-engagemed urban realm that, enabled by the recent building boom, has delivered high quality urban environments

A comparison of two business cycle dating methods

We study the suggestion that Markov switching (MS) models should be used to determine cyclical turning points. A Kalman filter approximation is used to derive the dating rules implicit in such models. We compare these with dating rules in an algorithm that provides a good approximation to the chronology determined by the NBER. We find that there is very little that is attractive in the MS approach when compared with this algorithm. The most important difference relates to robustness. The MS approach depends on the validity of that statistical model. Our approach is valid in a wider range of circumstances.

Rejoinder to James Hamilton

Hamilton (2001) makes a number of comments on our paper (Harding and Pagan, 2002b). The objectives of this rejoinder are, firstly, to note the areas in which we agree; secondly, to define with greater clarity the areas in which we disagree; and, thirdly, to point to other papers, including a longer version of this response, where we have dealt with some of the issues that he raises. The core of our debate with him is whether one should use an algorithm with a specified set of rules for determining the turning points in economic activity or whether one should use a parametric model that features latent states. Hamilton begins his criticism by stating that there is a philosophical distinction between the two methods for dating cycles and concludes that the method we use “leaves vague and intuitive exactly what this algorithm is intended to measure”. Nothing is further from the truth. When seeking ways to decide on whether a turning point has occurred it is always useful to ask the question, what is a recession? Common usage suggests that it is a decline in the level of economic activity that lasts for some time. For this reason it has become standard to describe a recession as a decline in GDP that lasts for more than two quarters. Finding periods in which quarterly GDP declined for two periods is exactly what our approach does. What is vague about this?

The core role of the nurse practitioner: practice, professionalism and clinical leadership.

AIM: To draw on empirical evidence to illustrate the core role of nurse practitioners in Australia and New Zealand. BACKGROUND: Enacted legislation provides for mutual recognition of qualifications, including nursing, between New Zealand and Australia. As the nurse practitioner role is relatively new in both countries, there is no consistency in role expectation and hence mutual recognition has not yet been applied to nurse practitioners. A study jointly commissioned by both countries' Regulatory Boards developed information on the core role of the nurse practitioner, to develop shared competency and educational standards. Reporting on this study's process and outcomes provides insights that are relevant both locally and internationally. METHOD: This interpretive study used multiple data sources, including published and grey literature, policy documents, nurse practitioner program curricula and interviews with 15 nurse practitioners from the two countries. Data were analysed according to the appropriate standard for each data type and included both deductive and inductive methods. The data were aggregated thematically according to patterns within and across the interview and material data. FINDINGS: The core role of the nurse practitioner was identified as having three components: dynamic practice, professional efficacy and clinical leadership. Nurse practitioner practice is dynamic and involves the application of high level clinical knowledge and skills in a wide range of contexts. The nurse practitioner demonstrates professional efficacy, enhanced by an extended range of autonomy that includes legislated privileges. The nurse practitioner is a clinical leader with a readiness and an obligation to advocate for their client base and their profession at the systems level of health care. CONCLUSION: A clearly articulated and research informed description of the core role of the nurse practitioner provides the basis for development of educational and practice competency standards. These research findings provide new perspectives to inform the international debate about this extended level of nursing practice. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The findings from this research have the potential to achieve a standardised approach and internationally consistent nomenclature for the nurse practitioner role.

Raising the voice of dissatisfaction : a qualitative study of the Queensland acute health care consumer and the experience of complaining

Research into complaints handling in the health care system has predominately focused on examining the processes that underpin the organisational systems. An understanding of the cognitive decisions made by patients that influence whether they are satisfied or dissatisfied with the care they are receiving has had limited attention thus far. This study explored the lived experiences of Queensland acute care patients who complained about some aspect of their inpatient stay. A purposive sample of sixteen participants was recruited and interviewed about their experience of making a complaint. The qualitative data gathered through the interview process was subjected to an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach, guided by the philosophical influences of Heidegger (1889-1976). As part of the interpretive endeavour of this study, Lazarus’ cognitive emotive model with situational challenge was drawn on to provide a contextual understanding of the emotions experienced by the study participants. Analysis of the research data, aided by Leximancer™ software, revealed a series of relational themes that supported the interpretative data analysis process undertaken. The superordinate thematic statements that emerged from the narratives via the hermeneutic process were ineffective communication, standards of care were not consistent, being treated with disrespect, information on how to complain was not clear, and perceptions of negligence. This study’s goal was to provide health services with information about complaints handling that can help them develop service improvements. The study patients articulated the need for health care system reform; they want to be listened to, to be acknowledged, to be believed, for people to take ownership if they had made a mistake, for mistakes not to occur again, and to receive an apology. For these initiatives to be fully realised, the paradigm shift must go beyond regurgitating complaints data metrics in percentages per patient contact, towards a concerted effort to evaluate what the qualitative complaints data is really saying. An opportunity to identify a more positive and proactive approach in encouraging our patients to complain when they are dissatisfied has the potential to influence improvements.

Drawing the line : the legal status and treatment of the 17-year-old accused in Queensland

Seventeen year olds who come into contact with the police in Queensland are classified as adults and are not afforded the protections available under the Youth Justice Act 1992 (Qld) (YJA). As with any other adult, their offences are dealt with under a raft of legislative provisions including the Criminal Code 1889 (Qld) (the Code), the Police Powers and Responsibilities Act 2000 (Qld) (PPRA) and the Penalties and Sentences Act 1992 (Qld) (PSA). This article argues that this situation is unfair and contravenes international human rights agreements which Australia has ratified, in particular the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CROC). Article 1 of that Convention defines a child as a person under the age of 18. The youth offences legislation in Queensland only applies to those who have not yet turned 17. This article examines the effects of this anomaly in Queensland, focusing in particular on the pre-adjudication treatment of ‘17 year old adults’.

An audio wiki supporting mobile collaboration

Wikis have proved to be very effective collaboration and knowledge management tools in large variety of fields thanks to their simplicity and flexible nature. Another important development for the internet is the emergence of powerful mobile devices supported by fast and reliable wireless networks. The combination of these developments begs the question of how to extend wikis on mobile devices and how to leverage mobile devices' rich modalities to supplement current wikis. Realizing that composing and consuming through auditory channel is the most natural and efficient way for mobile device user, this paper explores the use of audio as the medium of wiki. Our work, as the first step towards this direction, creates a framework called Mobile Audio Wiki which facilitates asynchronous audio-mediated collaboration on the move. In this paper, we present the design of Mobile Audio Wiki. As a part of such design, we propose an innovative approach for a light-weight audio content annotation system for enabling group editing, versioning and cross-linking among audio clips. To elucidate the novel collaboration model introduced by Mobile Audio Wiki, its four usage modes are identified and presented in storyboard format. Finally, we describe the initial design for presentation and navigation of Mobile Audio Wiki.

Reducing actuator switchings for motion control of autonomous underwater vehicles

A priority when designing control strategies for autonomous underwater vehicles is to emphasize their cost of implementation on a real vehicle and at the same time to minimize a prescribed criterion such as time, energy, payload or combination of those. Indeed, the major issue is that due to the vehicles' design and the actuation modes usually under consideration for underwater platforms the number of actuator switchings must be kept to a small value to ensure feasibility and precision. This constraint is typically not verified by optimal trajectories which might not even be piecewise constants. Our goal is to provide a feasible trajectory that minimizes the number of switchings while maintaining some qualities of the desired trajectory, such as optimality with respect to a given criterion. The one-sided Lipschitz constant is used to derive theoretical estimates. The theory is illustrated on two examples, one is a fully actuated underwater vehicle capable of motion in six degrees-of-freedom and one is minimally actuated with control motions constrained to the vertical plane.

Determining process model precision and generalization with weighted artificial negative events

Process mining encompasses the research area which is concerned with knowledge discovery from event logs. One common process mining task focuses on conformance checking, comparing discovered or designed process models with actual real-life behavior as captured in event logs in order to assess the “goodness” of the process model. This paper introduces a novel conformance checking method to measure how well a process model performs in terms of precision and generalization with respect to the actual executions of a process as recorded in an event log. Our approach differs from related work in the sense that we apply the concept of so-called weighted artificial negative events towards conformance checking, leading to more robust results, especially when dealing with less complete event logs that only contain a subset of all possible process execution behavior. In addition, our technique offers a novel way to estimate a process model’s ability to generalize. Existing literature has focused mainly on the fitness (recall) and precision (appropriateness) of process models, whereas generalization has been much more difficult to estimate. The described algorithms are implemented in a number of ProM plugins, and a Petri net conformance checking tool was developed to inspect process model conformance in a visual manner.