Choosing the best model in the presence of zero trade: a fish product analysis

The purpose of the paper is to test the hypothesis that food safety (chemical) standards act as barriers to international seafood imports. We use zero-accounting gravity models to test the hypothesis that food safety (chemical) standards act as barriers to international seafood imports. The chemical standards on which we focus include chloramphenicol required performance limit, oxytetracycline maximum residue limit, fluoro-quinolones maximum residue limit, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) pesticide residue limit. The study focuses on the three most important seafood markets: the European Union’s 15 members, Japan, and North America.

Considerations about effective dissemination of improved fish strains

Aquaculture production systems in developing countries are largely based on the use of unimproved species and strains. As knowledge and experience are accumulated in relation to the management, feeding and animal health issues of such production systems, the availability of genetically more productive stock becomes imperative in order to more effectively use resources. For instance, there is little point in providing ideal water conditions and optimum feed quality to fish that do not have the potential to grow faster and to be harvested on time, providing a product of the desired quality. Refinements in the production system and improvement of the stock used must progress hand in hand. In this paper we deal separately with genetic and non-genetic issues pertaining to the multiplication and dissemination of improved strains. The separation is somewhat arbitrary, and as will be evident from our discussion, there is frequent interaction between the two.

Lune, Wyre & Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee 24th October, 1978

This is the report from the Lune, Wyre and Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 24th October, 1978. It covers information on fisheries income and expenditure, the study of salmon propagation in England and Wales, work on the future programme of fisheries work and keep nets. Also covered is a brief note on the future water supplies for South West Cumbria, water resource development, cage rearing of salmon smolts in the River Leven and the report by the area fisheries officer on usage of Middleton hatchery. The section on the report by the area fisheries officer on fishing activities includes river conditions for salmon, sea trout, non-migratory trout, Char and coarse fish, and migratory fish movements at Haverthwaite on the River Leven, Broadraine and Forge Weir on the River Lune and Duddon Hall. Stocking numbers of brown trout and rainbow trout in various rivers are also added, as well as predator numbers for various rivers, pollution incidents and fish mortalities, biological work and Skerton Weir. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Lune, Wyre & Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee 2nd July, 1979.

This is the report from the Lune, Wyre and Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 2nd July 1979. The report contains sections on trial arrangements for canoeing on the River Lune at Halton during the salmon fishing season, and fishing offences and prosecutions for 1978/1979. Also included is the report by the area fisheries officer which looks at river conditions and fishing in the Rivers Lune, Furness and Wyre, the count of fish by monitoring stations, Hiddleton hatchery, cage rearing of smolts for the River Leven, stocking by the Angling Associations and Authority, fish mortalities and the removal of perch by Furness Fishing Association. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Lune, Wyre & Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee 30th June, 1980

This is the report from the Lune, Wyre and Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 30th June, 1980. It includes the report by the area fisheries officer on fisheries activities which comments on river conditions and fishing for salmon, sea trout and brown trout, and the recorded numbers of fish which passed through Duddon Hall, Haverthwaite, Halton, Broadraine and Basinghyll fish counters. Also covered in the report is an update on Middleton Hatchery which includes the numbers of salmon, sea trout and brown trout fry planted for various waters including the Lune, Keer, Duddon and Kent Catchment, and an update on the cage rearing of smolts for the River Leven. Finally the report adds fish mortalities, the pipeline project with the British Gas Corporation and the Rivers Leven and Kent fish distribution survey map. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Lune, Wyre & Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee 11th October, 1979.

This is the report from the Lune, Wyre and Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 11th October 1979. The report contains the minutes of the last meeting along with the minutes of the Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting held on 12th July 1979, information on pollution and fish mortalities in the River Conder, and net limitation order and fisheries byelaws for the River Lune and Wyre. It also includes the report by the area fisheries officer which looks at river conditions and fishing in the Rivers Lune, Furness and Wyre, fish monitoring at Forge Weir, Broadraine and Skerton Weir stations, and an update on Middleton Hatchery. Also covered is the cage rearing of smolts for the River Leven, stocking by the Water Authority and Angling Associations, fish mortalities and biological work carried out at Barrow Steel Works. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Lune, Wyre & Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee 10th January, 1980.

This is the report from the Lune, Wyre and Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 10th January 1980. The report contains sections on the minutes of the Special Meeting held on 13th December 1979, net and fixed engine licence duties, the EEC Directive on the quality of freshwaters and terminated angling leases. It also includes the report by the area fisheries officer which looks at river conditions and fishing, fish monitoring at Broadraine, Skerton, Haverthwaite and Duddon Hall stations, and an update on Middleton hatchery. Also covered in the report is an update on the cage rearing of salmon smolts for the River Leven, stockings carried out by the Water Authority, and information on fish disease, fish spawning and net catch figures for 1979. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Lune, Wyre & Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee 10th April, 1980.

This is the report from the Lune, Wyre and Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 10th April 1980. The report contains the minutes of previous meetings, information regarding rod and line licence duties, the pipeline project by British Gas Corporation, fisheries byelaws, a survey of goosanders and mergansers and information on Pedder Pots reservoir. It also includes the report by the area fisheries officer which looks at river conditions and fishing, an update on Middleton Hatchery and the cage rearing of smolts for the River Leven. It also covers stockings carried out by Angling Associations, U.D.N. fish disease and monthly salmon and sea trout catches for the 1979 season. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee Meeting 30th January, 1984

This is the report from the Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 30th January, 1984. The report contains information on the use of fyke nets and an application to use Rotenone fish Toxicant. Also included is information on Dunsop Trout Farm and the establishment of migratory fish rearing facilities, the decline of salmon and sea trout catches in South Cumbria, and the decline of salmon stocks in the River Eden. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

River Dart Weir and fish pass survey 1992

This is the River Dart, Weir and Fish Pass Survey 1992 report produced by the National Rivers Authority. It goes through the general condition of Weirs and fish passes to determine the extent of problems associated with the upstream and downstream migration of salmonids. It considers solutions where problems exist and investigates the exact use of the resource. It looks at the following Weirs: Totnes, Staverton, Hood, Kilbury, Buckfast, Holne, Mardle (River Mardle), Holybrook (Holybrook), Jordan (West Webburn), Swincombe Intake (River Swincombe), Blackbrook, West Dart, Cowsic (Devonport Leat), Kingfisher Press (Bidwell Brook) and Bagpark (East Webburn). It also contains location maps of the weirs and individual fact sheets along detailed pictures and diagrams.

River Teign Fish Survey 1990

This is the River Teign Fisheries Survey from 1990 by the Environment Agency Archives South West (unpublished). The aim of the survey was to assess the distribution and relative abundance of salmonid fish in the River Teign. Thirty six sites were examined; twenty one of them had been examined in previous quantitative fish surveys. At each site, all fish species encountered were caught and measured, however, only data for salmonid fishes has been examined. The results are compared with those of the 1963 and 1972 surveys carried out by the Devon River Authority and the 1975 and 1979 surveys carried out by South West Water Authority. A full list of sites together with their location, fish densities, lengths, weights and ages is attached.

Gunnislake Fish Counter. Annual Report 1999

This is the Gunnislake Fish Counter, Annual Report 1999 produced by the Environment Agency South West Region on March 2000. The report presents the daily upstream counts of migratory salmonids recorded at Gunnislake Weir fish counting station (SX 435 713) situated on the River Tamar in 1999. The counter data contained within this report covers the period of the commercial migratory salmonid net buy-back scheme and the implementation of the National Spring Salmon Byelaws. The fish counter at Gunnislake is a resistivity based system (Logie 2100A – Aquantic limited) and is installed in the fish pass on the Cornish bank of the River Tamar at the head of the tide. The minimum salmon count for 1999 was 2691. The run pattern observed for salmon and sea trout in 1999 was generally consistent with that of previous years. However, the total combined annual count of salmon and sea trout migrating upstream on the River Tamar in 1999 was 25% higher than the 5 year average (1994 - 1998).

Restormel Fish Counter Annual Report 1999

This is the Restormel Fish Counter, Annual Report 1999 produced by the Environment Agency South West Region on March 2000. The report presents the daily upstream counts of migratory salmonids recorded at Restormel Weir counting station (SX 107 613) River Fowey in 1999. The counter data covers the period of the commercial migratory salmonid net buy-back scheme, which was in operation between March and June 1999. The fish counter is a resistivity based system (Logie 2100 A - Aquantic limited) and operates over all three channels of the weir at Restormel. The minimum salmon count estimate was 497, and the 1999 upstream count for sea trout was 6590. The run pattern observed for salmon and sea trout in 1999 was generally consistent with that of previous years. Flows on average were half those of 1998 during September, October, and November.

Gunnislake Fish Counter Annual Report 2000

This is the Gunnislake Fish Counter, Annual Report 2000 produced by the Environment Agency South West Region on March 2001. The report presents the daily upstream counts of migratory salmonids recorded on the River Tamar at Gunnislake Weir fish counting station (SX 435 713) situated in 2000. Data contained within this report covers the period of the commercial migratory salmonid net buy-back scheme and the National Spring Salmon Byelaws. The fish counter at Gunnislake is a resistivity based system (Logie 2100A – Aquantic limited) and is installed in the fish pass on the Cornish bank of the River Tamar at the head of the tide. The minimum salmon count for 2000 was 2654. The 2000 upstream count for sea trout was 6417. The run pattern observed for salmon and sea trout in 2000 was generally consistent with that of previous years.