Seaweed - epiphyte - mesograzer communities were tested for their responses to elevated seawater temperature and [CO2] in benthic mesocosms experiments across four consecutive seasons of one year in Kiel, Germany

Rising seawater temperature and CO2 concentrations (ocean acidification) represent two of the most influential factors impacting marine ecosystems in the face of global climate change. In ecological climate change research full-factorial experiments across seasons in multi-species, cross-trophic level set-ups are essential as they allow making realistic estimations about direct and indirect effects and the relative importance of both major environmental stressors on ecosystems. In benthic mesocosm experiments we tested the responses of coastal Baltic Sea Fucus vesiculosus communities to elevated seawater temperature and CO2 concentrations across four seasons of one year. While increasing [CO2] levels only had minor effects, warming had strong and persistent effects on grazers which affected the Fucus community differently depending on season. In late summer a temperature-driven collapse of grazers caused a cascading effect from the consumers to the foundation species resulting in overgrowth of Fucus thalli by epiphytes. In fall/ winter, outside the growing season of epiphytes, intensified grazing under warming resulted in a significant reduction of Fucus biomass. Thus, we confirm the prediction that future increasing water temperatures influence marine food-web processes by altering top-down control, but we also show that specific consequences for food-web structure depend on season. Since Fucus vesiculosus is the dominant habitat-forming brown algal system in the Baltic Sea, its potential decline under global warming implicates the loss of key functions and services such as provision of nutrient storage, substrate, food, shelter and nursery grounds for a diverse community of marine invertebrates and fish in Baltic Sea coastal waters.

Cuantificación de la captura de CO2 por la flora nativa de totora en un humedal costero de Perú

Resumen: Se cuantifica la captura de CO2 por la flora nativa de totora (Schoenoplectus californicus) en los humedales de Villa María, sobre la costa del Pacífico en Perú. Se delimitó el área representativa ocupada por esta especie para evitar zonas heterogéneas y se cuadriculó la zona trazando líneas que atraviesen toda el área, donde se realizaron muestreos aleatorios de 1 m2 de la parte aérea y de la raíz de la biomasa. El contenido de carbono en la estructura vegetal se determinó por método de “Walkley y Black” y la captura de dióxido de carbono se estimó mediante el “factor de conversión de carbono a dióxido de carbono”. Se obtuvo un valor de contenido de dióxido de carbono capturado por totora (partes aérea +raíz) de 84.05 tCO2/ha comprobándose que, entre otros importantes servicios al medio ambiente y al Ser Humano, estos humedales actúan de modo crucial en la captación de CO2 atmosférico ante el presente escenario de cambio climático planetario.