Experiences of spanish public administration in requirements management and acquisition management processes

This paper shows the main contributions of the 1st Symposium on Improvement Process Models and Software Quality of Public Administrations. The obtained results expose the need to promote the implementation of Software Maturity Models and show possible advantages of its application in software processes of Public Administrations. Specifically, it was analyzed the current status in two process areas: Requirements Management and Subcontracting Management.

Splicing Systems: Accepting Versus Generating.

In this paper we propose a condition for rejecting the input word by an accepting splicing system which is defined by a finite set of forbidding words. We investigate the computational power of the new variants of accepting splicing systems. We show that the new condition strictly increases the computational power of accepting splicing systems. Rather surprisingly, accepting splicing systems considered here can accept non-regular languages, a situation that has never occurred in the case of (extended) finite splicing systems without additional restrictions.

Flammability properties of dry sewage sludges

Dry sewage sludge are being considered as a possible energy source for direct firing. They have interesting properties to be used as an alternative fuel, but also other characteristics must be considered from the point of view of its safe operation: the most important are ignition sensitivity, explosion severity, thermal sensitivity and thermal stability. The aim of this study was to determine if sewage sludge have different characteristics due to different locations or seasons and how this influences their flammability properties. To study these characteristics sludge samples were selected from different locations in Spain, taken during different seasons. In addition, relationships between flammability parameters and chemical analysis were observed. Some parameters can be controlled during normal operation, such as granulometry or humidity, and may mean a decrease in the risk of explosion. Those relationships are well known for other dusts materials, like coal, but not yet for sewage sludge dusts. Finally, properties related to spontaneous combustion were determined (thermal susceptibility and stability). The addition of those properties to the study provides an overview of the thermal behavior of sewage sludge during their utilization, including transport and storage.

Applying concept mapping strategies to improve students’ lifelong learning in physical chemistry

Este artículo ofrece una reflexión sobre el papel de los mapas conceptuales en el actual escenario de la educación In the present paper, we carry out the application of concept mapping strategies to learning Physical Chemistry, in particular, of all aspect of Corrosion. This strategy is an alternative method to supplement examinations: it can show the teacher how much the students knew and how much they didn´t know; and the students can evaluate their own learning. Before giving tile matter on Corrosion, the teachers evaluated the previous knowledge of the students in the field and explained to the students how create the conceptual maps with Cmap tools. When the subject is finished, teachers are assessed the conceptual maps developed by students and therefore also the level of the students learning. Teachers verified that the concept mapping is quite suitable for complicated theorics as Corrosion and it is an appropriate tool for the consolidation of educational experiences and for improvement affective lifelong learning. By using this method we demonstrated that the set of concepts accumulated in the cognitive structure of every student in unique and every student has therefore arranged the concepts from top to bottom in the mapping field in different ways with different linking" phrases, although these are involved in the same learning task.

Contribución a integración de sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados a la red: recurso solar y predicción de la generación

En los últimos años se ha producido un aumento constante en la potencia fotovoltaica instalada a nivel mundial. Este crecimiento, acompañado de crecimientos similares en el resto de energías renovables, está motivado por la necesidad de dar respuesta a varios de los retos que planteados al sector energético: creciente preocupación por los efectos en el medioambiente de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, entre los que cabe destacar el cambio climático (IPCC 2011); el inevitable agotamiento de algunas fuentes tradicionales de energía eléctrica, basadas en combustibles fósiles, que llevara aparejado en las próximas décadas un aumento en el coste asociado a producir energía eléctrica mediante estas fuentes como indican Bentley (2002), Gori (2007), Kjastard (2009), Owen (2010) y Hughes (2011), y la necesidad para algunos países de asegurar su independencia energética, factor especialmente crítico para los países europeos debido a su escasez en reservas naturales de combustibles fósiles. La energía solar fotovoltaica, al igual que el resto de energías renovables, proporciona energía eléctrica de manera limpia y segura y plantea soluciones a los problemas mencionados. Asimismo, las energías renovables también presentan beneficios sociales como la creación de empleo cualificado en actividades de ingeniería, fabricación, instalación y mantenimiento, así como en la investigación, desarrollo e innovación. Es por estos motivos que las energías renovables se han visto beneficiadas a lo largo de las últimas décadas de mecanismos favorables, subvenciones y primas a la producción, conducentes a su implantación y desarrollo. La Figura 1.1 muestra la evolución de la potencia total instalada a nivel mundial y su tasa de crecimiento del 2000 al 2012, de acuerdo con datos proporcionados por la Agencia Internacional de la Energía: IEA (2012a, 2013). Los datos incluidos en la Figura 1.1 solo incluyen a los países que pertenecen a la Agencia Internacional de la Energía: Alemania, Australia, Austria, Bélgica, Canadá, China, Corea, Dinamarca, España, Estados Unidos, Finlandia, Francia, Holanda, Israel, Italia, Japón, Malasia, México, Noruega, Portugal, Reino Unido, Suecia, Suiza y Turquía. La potencia instalada muestra un crecimiento de tipo exponencial, incrementándose cada año un 41,6% de media. A los 88,5 GWP de potencia fotovoltaica instalada en todos los países miembros de la IEA a finales de 2012 habría que añadir, siempre según la IEA (2013), 7 GWP adicionales repartidos en seis países que no pertenecen a este organismo: Republica Checa, Grecia, Bulgaria, Eslovaquia, Ucrania y Tailandia. Esta tendencia en la tasa de crecimiento se mantiene incluso en los últimos años del periodo cuando varios países han reducido los incentivos a las energías renovables. Como consecuencia de este crecimiento en algunos países la proporción de energía eléctrica total de origen fotovoltaico empieza a ser apreciable. Para los casos de España, Alemania e Italia, el porcentaje de energía eléctrica final producida sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados a la red (SFCR) fue, respectivamente, de 3,1% y 4,7% en 2012 y de 3,1% en 2011 en Italia. La potencia instalada, la energía producida y la demanda total en estos países desde el año 2006 al 2012, de acuerdo con REE (2012, 2012, 2013), BMU (2013) y TERNA (2013), se recoge en la Tabla 1.1. Para el caso de Italia se incluyen únicamente datos hasta el año 2011 por no encontrarse disponibles datos para 2012. A medida que el nivel de penetración de la energía solar fotovoltaica en los sistemas eléctricos aumenta la necesidad de que este tipo de energía se integre de manera efectiva en dichos sistemas aumenta. La integración efectiva de un generador en el sistema eléctrico requiere que su producción sea conocida de antemano para poder incluirlo en la planificación del sistema eléctrico con el objetivo de que la producción programada para los distintos generadores iguale a la demanda esperada. Esta planificación del sistema eléctrico se suele hacer a escala diaria. Asimismo, además de equilibrar la generación con la demanda esperada un generador eléctrico debe ser capaz de proporcionar servicios auxiliares al sistema eléctrico como compensación de desequilibrios entre generación y consumo, regulación de tensión o inyección de potencia reactiva, entre otros. Por ejemplo, los sistemas fotovoltaicos cuya potencia sea superior a 2 MWP deben contribuir en España desde el 2010 a garantizar la continuidad del suministro eléctrico frente a huecos de tensión (España, 2010), aplicándose a estos sistemas fotovoltaicos el mismo procedimiento de operación – PO 12.3, REE(2006) – que ya se aplicó en su día a los generadores eólicos (España, 2007). La energía fotovoltaica, junto a otras energías renovables como la eólica, ha sido considerada tradicionalmente una fuente de energía no regulable. En consecuencia, no ha sido tenida en cuenta por los operadores de los sistemas eléctricos como una fuente de energía fiable. Esta consideración de la fotovoltaica como fuente de energía no fiable se debe a su dependencia de las condiciones meteorológicas, radiación y temperatura, para producir energía. Si la producción de un sistema fotovoltaico pudiese conocerse con exactitud y con la suficiente antelación se facilitaría su integración en los sistemas eléctricos. Sin embargo, la mera predicción de cuanta energía producirá un sistema fotovoltaico, aun cuando esta predicción se haga sin error, puede no ser suficiente; la energía producida por el sistema fotovoltaico sigue estando limitada por las condiciones meteorológicas y no es posible regular esta producción de energía. Como ya se ha comentado, la capacidad por parte de un generador eléctrico de regular su potencia de salida, tanto anticipadamente como en tiempo real, es crucial a la hora de su integración en el sistema eléctrico.

A Knowledge-based Approach for Automatic Generation of Summaries of Behavior

Effective automatic summarization usually requires simulating human reasoning such as abstraction or relevance reasoning. In this paper we describe a solution for this type of reasoning in the particular case of surveillance of the behavior of a dynamic system using sensor data. The paper first presents the approach describing the required type of knowledge with a possible representation. This includes knowledge about the system structure, behavior, interpretation and saliency. Then, the paper shows the inference algorithm to produce a summarization tree based on the exploitation of the physical characteristics of the system. The paper illustrates how the method is used in the context of automatic generation of summaries of behavior in an application for basin surveillance in the presence of river floods.

Quality and productivity analysis in a very small enterprise using TSPi

This article shows the benefits of developing a software project using TSPi in a "Very Small Enterprise" based in quality and productivity measures. An adapted process from the current process based on the TSPi was defined and the team was trained in it. The pilot project had schedule and budget constraints. The workaround began by gathering historical data from previous projects in order to get a measurement repository, and then the project metrics were collected. Finally, the process, product and quality improvements were verified

Benefits of TSPi in a software project under a small settings enviroment

This article presents a case study about the TSPi benefits in a software project under a Small Settings environment. An adapted process based on the TSPi was defined. The pilot project had a schedule and budget restricted. The process began collecting historical projects data in order to get a measure repository. The project was launched defining the following goals: increase the productivity, reduce the test time and improve the product quality. Finally, the results were analysed and the goals were verified.

Hybrid system for plagiarism detection

The Internet boom in recent years has increased the interest in the field of plagiarism detection. A lot of documents are published on the Net everyday and anyone can access and plagiarize them. Of course, checking all cases of plagiarism manually is an unfeasible task. Therefore, it is necessary to create new systems that are able to automatically detect cases of plagiarism produced. In this paper, we introduce a new hybrid system for plagiarism detection which combines the advantages of the two main plagiarism detection techniques. This system consists of two analysis phases: the first phase uses an intrinsic detection technique which dismisses much of the text, and the second phase employs an external detection technique to identify the plagiarized text sections. With this combination we achieve a detection system which obtains accurate results and is also faster thanks to the prefiltering of the text.

Evaluating the robustness of EmotiBlog for sentiment analysis and opinion mining

Preliminary research demonstrated the EmotiBlog annotated corpus relevance as a Machine Learning resource to detect subjective data. In this paper we compare EmotiBlog with the JRC Quotes corpus in order to check the robustness of its annotation. We concentrate on its coarse-grained labels and carry out a deep Machine Learning experimentation also with the inclusion of lexical resources. The results obtained show a similarity with the ones obtained with the JRC Quotes corpus demonstrating the EmotiBlog validity as a resource for the SA task.

A comparative study of open domain and opinion question answering systems for factual and opinionated queries

The development of the Web 2.0 led to the birth of new textual genres such as blogs, reviews or forum entries. The increasing number of such texts and the highly diverse topics they discuss make blogs a rich source for analysis. This paper presents a comparative study on open domain and opinion QA systems. A collection of opinion and mixed fact-opinion questions in English is defined and two Question Answering systems are employed to retrieve the answers to these queries. The first one is generic, while the second is specific for emotions. We comparatively evaluate and analyze the systems’ results, concluding that opinion Question Answering requires the use of specific resources and methods.

Summarizing threads in blogs using opinion polarity

The huge amount of data available on the Web needs to be organized in order to be accessible to users in real time. This paper presents a method for summarizing subjective texts based on the strength of the opinion expressed in them. We used a corpus of blog posts and their corresponding comments (blog threads) in English, structured around five topics and we divided them according to their polarity and subsequently summarized. Despite the difficulties of real Web data, the results obtained are encouraging; an average of 79% of the summaries is considered to be comprehensible. Our work allows the user to obtain a summary of the most relevant opinions contained in the blog. This allows them to save time and be able to look for information easily, allowing more effective searches on the Web.

Event ordering through temporal expression resolution

In this paper a multilingual method for event ordering based on temporal expression resolution is presented. This method has been implemented through the TERSEO system which consists of three main units: temporal expression recognizing, resolution of the coreference introduced by these expressions, and event ordering. By means of this system, chronological information related to events can be extracted from documental databases. This information is automatically added to the documental database in order to allow its use by question answering systems in those cases referring to temporality. The system has been evaluated obtaining results of 91 % precision and 71 % recall. For this, a blind evaluation process has been developed guaranteing a reliable annotation process that was measured through the kappa factor.

Architecture of a multi-modal dialogue system oriented to multilingual question-answering

In this paper, a proposal of a multi-modal dialogue system oriented to multilingual question-answering is presented. This system includes the following ways of access: voice, text, avatar, gestures and signs language. The proposal is oriented to the question-answering task as a user interaction mechanism. The proposal here presented is in the first stages of its development phase and the architecture is presented for the first time on the base of the experiences in question-answering and dialogues previously developed. The main objective of this research work is the development of a solid platform that will permit the modular integration of the proposed architecture.

Mediterranean Sea Region, East, 1690-1699 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Accuratissima orientalioris districtus maris Mediterranei tabula, authore Iusto Danckerts. It was published by Iusto Danckerts, between 1690 and 1699. Scale [ca. 1:5,300,000]. Covers the eastern Mediterranean Sea region. Map in Latin. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the World Miller Cylindrical projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.