Calibração de redes de distribuição de água pelo método inverso aplicado a escoamento transiente

Desenvolve-se um método para estimar os parâmetros de uma rede hidráulica a partir de dados observados de cargas hidráulicas transientes. Os parâmetros físicos da rede como fatores de atrito, rugosidades absolutas, diâmetros e a identificação e quantificação de vazamentos são as grandezas desconhecidas. O problema transiente inverso é resolvido utilizando uma abordagem indireta que compara os dados disponíveis de carga hidráulica transiente observados com os calculados através de um método matemático. O Método Transiente Inverso (MTI) com um Algoritmo Genético (AG) emprega o Método das Características (MOC) na solução das equações do movimento para escoamento transiente em redes de tubos. As condições de regime permanente são desconhecidas. Para avaliar a confiabilidade do MTI-AG desenvolvido aqui, uma rede-exemplo é usada para os vários problemas de calibração propostos. O comportamento transiente é imposto por duas manobras distintas de uma válvula de controle localizada em um dos nós da rede. Analisam-se, ainda, o desempenho do método proposto mediante a variabilidade do tamanho do registro transiente e de possíveis erros de leitura nas cargas hidráulicas. Ensaios numéricos realizados mostram que o método é viável e aplicável à solução de problema inverso em redes hidráulicas, sobretudo recorrendo-se a poucos dados observados e ao desconhecimento das condições iniciais de estado permanente. Nos diversos problemas de identificação, as informações transientes obtidas da manobra mais brusca produziu estimações mais eficientes.

On the suitability of Prototype Selection methods for kNN classification with distributed data

In the current Information Age, data production and processing demands are ever increasing. This has motivated the appearance of large-scale distributed information. This phenomenon also applies to Pattern Recognition so that classic and common algorithms, such as the k-Nearest Neighbour, are unable to be used. To improve the efficiency of this classifier, Prototype Selection (PS) strategies can be used. Nevertheless, current PS algorithms were not designed to deal with distributed data, and their performance is therefore unknown under these conditions. This work is devoted to carrying out an experimental study on a simulated framework in which PS strategies can be compared under classical conditions as well as those expected in distributed scenarios. Our results report a general behaviour that is degraded as conditions approach to more realistic scenarios. However, our experiments also show that some methods are able to achieve a fairly similar performance to that of the non-distributed scenario. Thus, although there is a clear need for developing specific PS methodologies and algorithms for tackling these situations, those that reported a higher robustness against such conditions may be good candidates from which to start.

College commons records, 1765-1829 (inclusive)

This volume, containing chronologically arranged papers mounted and bound around 1840, provides comprehensive documentation of the College commons around the turn of the 19th century. In particular, the volume documents the role the Steward played in overseeing the Commons. The records chiefly consist of the quarter reports of the Committee assigned to review the Steward’s accounts. Other documents include lists of utensils, bills for dinners for the Corporation, Overseers, and Commencement, regulations, lists of abatements for students’ quarterly bills, and information on kitchen staff.

Oratio salutatoria in comitiis academicis habita Cantabrigiae Nov-Anglorum. Iulii nonarum, 1697

This hardcover modern binding contains a twenty-page manuscript copy of the salutatory address given by Elisha Cooke at the 1697 Harvard College Commencement. The text includes edits and struck-through words. A one-page copy of the first page of the oration signed by Thomas Banister and William Phips is at the end of the volume.

Analysis of Lead-Acid batteries with a third-order dynamical model

Electrical energy storage is a really important issue nowadays. As electricity is not easy to be directly stored, it can be stored in other forms and converted back to electricity when needed. As a consequence, storage technologies for electricity can be classified by the form of storage, and in particular we focus on electrochemical energy storage systems, better known as electrochemical batteries. Largely the more widespread batteries are the Lead-Acid ones, in the two main types known as flooded and valve-regulated. Batteries need to be present in many important applications such as in renewable energy systems and in motor vehicles. Consequently, in order to simulate these complex electrical systems, reliable battery models are needed. Although there exist some models developed by experts of chemistry, they are too complex and not expressed in terms of electrical networks. Thus, they are not convenient for a practical use by electrical engineers, who need to interface these models with other electrical systems models, usually described by means of electrical circuits. There are many techniques available in literature by which a battery can be modeled. Starting from the Thevenin based electrical model, it can be adapted to be more reliable for Lead-Acid battery type, with the addition of a parasitic reaction branch and a parallel network. The third-order formulation of this model can be chosen, being a trustworthy general-purpose model, characterized by a good ratio between accuracy and complexity. Considering the equivalent circuit network, all the useful equations describing the battery model are discussed, and then implemented one by one in Matlab/Simulink. The model has been finally validated, and then used to simulate the battery behaviour in different typical conditions.

Isoleucine epimerization in Quarternary planktic foraminifera of sediment core GIK12519-2, Sierra Leone Rise

Panktonic foraminiferal tests of the spinose species Orbulina universa, of the non-spinose Globorotalia tumida-menardii complex, and of a mixed species assemblage (grain size fraction 200-400 µm) were isolated from Sierra Leone Rise core GIK13519-2 and analyzed for free, total, and bound (by difference) amino acids to study the isoleucine epimerization mechanism in fossil foraminiferal tests and to define empirical calibration curves for dating deep-sea sediments over the past 900,000 years. Total isoleucine epimerization curves typically separate into three "linear" segments of decreasing apparents rates with increasing time and exhibit a pronounced "species effect". The degree of epimerization attained at time is considerably lower in O. universa than in G. tumida-menardii while the mixed species results scatter between the limits delineated by the two monospecific curves. Total allo/iso ratios are closely related to the proportion of free to total isoleucine accumulating in the tests indicating that the rate of hydrolysis of matrix proteins and peptides controls the overall epimerization reaction. The results are consistent with experimental evidenve where upon isoleucine epimerizes at a rapid rate in terminal positions but at slow rates in interior positions as well as in the free state. Notwithstanding free isoleucine exhibits the highest degree of epimerized terminal isoleucine. Species-specific hydrolysis and epimerization rates are maintained until about 50 % of bound isoleucine have been hydrolyzed to the free state corresponding to a total allo/iso ratio of about 0.5. Remaining peptide units appear to be more resistent against hydrolysis and separate species then show the same apparent epimerization rate dominantly controlled by the slow conversion rate in the free state until equilibrium is achieved in Miocene samples under deep-ocean temperature conditions. The degree of epimerization attained at comparable time in separate species will, however, remain different due to different initial rates of hydrolysis.

Artificial event

IMB (Irvine, Michigan, Brookline), a collaboration between the University of Michigan, the University of California at Irvine, and the U.S. Department of Energy, was an experiment designed to determine the ultimate stability of matter. Computer display of PMT [photomultiplier tubes] hits from simulated event based on neutrino interatction seen in Gargamelle bubble chamber.

Artificial event

IMB (Irvine, Michigan, Brookline), a collaboration between the University of Michigan, the University of California at Irvine, and the U.S. Department of Energy, was an experiment designed to determine the ultimate stability of matter. Computer display of simulated proton decay info (...) mode

Artificial event

IMB (Irvine, Michigan, Brookline), a collaboration between the University of Michigan, the University of California at Irvine, and the U.S. Department of Energy, was an experiment designed to determine the ultimate stability of matter. Computer display of simulated event based on Gargamelle (...) event produced by neutrino interaction.

Event no. 143

IMB (Irvine, Michigan, Brookline), a collaboration between the University of Michigan, the University of California at Irvine, and the U.S. Department of Energy, was an experiment designed to determine the ultimate stability of matter. One of nine interesting events from the IMB detector in its first 204 live days of running. Similar to proton decay but rejected.

Event no. 225

IMB (Irvine, Michigan, Brookline), a collaboration between the University of Michigan, the University of California at Irvine, and the U.S. Department of Energy, was an experiment designed to determine the ultimate stability of matter. One of nine interesting events from the IMB detector in its first 204 live days of running. Similar to proton decay but rejected.

Event no. 299

IMB (Irvine, Michigan, Brookline), a collaboration between the University of Michigan, the University of California at Irvine, and the U.S. Department of Energy, was an experiment designed to determine the ultimate stability of matter. One of nine interesting events from the IMB detector in its first 204 live days of running. Similar to proton decay but rejected.

Event no. 510

IMB (Irvine, Michigan, Brookline), a collaboration between the University of Michigan, the University of California at Irvine, and the U.S. Department of Energy, was an experiment designed to determine the ultimate stability of matter. One of nine interesting events from the IMB detector in its first 204 live days of running. Similar to proton decay but rejected.

Event no. 588

IMB (Irvine, Michigan, Brookline), a collaboration between the University of Michigan, the University of California at Irvine, and the U.S. Department of Energy, was an experiment designed to determine the ultimate stability of matter. One of nine interesting events from the IMB detector in its first 204 live days of running. Similar to proton decay but rejected.

Event no. 656

IMB (Irvine, Michigan, Brookline), a collaboration between the University of Michigan, the University of California at Irvine, and the U.S. Department of Energy, was an experiment designed to determine the ultimate stability of matter. One of nine interesting events from the IMB detector in its first 204 live days of running. Similar to proton decay but rejected.