Relationship between organic carbon concentration and potential pond bottom soil respiration

There was a positive correlation between the concentration of organic carbon and potential respiration as measured by carbon dioxide evolution (R-2 = 0.923) and oxygen consumption (R-2 = 0.986) in soil samples collected from the bottoms of drained ponds. This finding supports the frequent use of organic carbon analysis as an indicator of sediment respiration rate under optimal conditions in commercial aquaculture facilities. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Measurement of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand without sample dilution or bacterial and nutrient enhancement

A direct method for measuring the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BODS) of aquaculture samples that does not require sample dilution or bacterial and nutrient enrichment was evaluated. The regression coefficient (R-2) between the direct method and the standard method for the analyses of 32 samples from catfish ponds was 0.996. The slope of the regression line did not differ from 1.0 or the Y-intercept from 0.0 at P = 0.05. Thus, there was almost perfect agreement between the two methods. The control limits (three standard deviations of the mean) for a standard solution containing 15 mg/L each of glutamic acid and glucose were 17.4 and 20.4 mg/L. The precision of the two methods, based on eight replicate analyses of four pond water samples did not differ at P = 0.05. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis

The Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis, is an anadromous protected species that presently only spawns in the Yangtze River. Using laboratory experiments, we examined the behavioral preference of young Chinese sturgeon to physical habitat (water depth, illumination intensity, substrate color, and cover) and monitored their downstream migration. Hatchling free embryos were photopositive, preferred open habitat, and immediately upon hatching, swam far above the bottom using swim-up and drift. Downstream migration peaked on days 0-1, decreased about 50% or more during days 2-7, and ceased by day 8. Days 0-1 migrants were active both day and night, but days 2-7 migrants were most active during the day. After ceasing migration, days 8-11 embryos were photonegative, preferred dark substrate and sought cover. Free embryos developed into larvae and began feeding on day 12, when another shift in behavior occurred-larvae returned to photopositive behavior and preferred white substrate. The selective factor favoring migration of free embryos upon hatching and swimming far above the bottom may be avoidance of benthic predatory fishes. Free embryos, which must rely on yolk energy for activity and growth, only used 19 cumulative temperature degree-days for peak migration compared to 234 degree-days for growth to first feeding larvae, a 1 : 12 ratio of cumulative temperature units. This ratio suggests that sturgeon species with large migratory embryos, like Chinese sturgeon, which require a high level of energy to swim during migration, may migrate only a short time to conserve most yolk energy for growth.

Reduction of tensile stress in GaN grown on Si(111) by inserting a low-temperature AlN interlayer

This study describes the growth of a low-temperature AlN interlayer for crack-free GaN growth on Si(111). It is demonstrated that, in addition to the lower growth temperature, growth of the AlN interlayer under Al-rich conditions is a critical factor for crack-free GaN growth on Si(111) substrates. The effect of the AlN interlayer thickness and NH3/TMA1 ratios on the lattice constants of subsequently grown high temperature GaN was investigated by X-ray triple crystal diffraction. The results show that the elimination of micro-cracks is related to the reduction of the tensile stress in the GaN epitaxial layers. This was also coincident with a greater number of pits formed in the AlN interlayer grown under Al rich conditions. It is proposed that these pits act as centers for the generation of misfit dislocations, which in turn leads to the reduction of tensile stress. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate

IEECAS SKLLQG

用ANUDEM建立水文地貌关系正确DEM的方法研究

针对区域尺度的径流、水土流失定量评价和植被适宜性评价等研究工作需要,利用1∶25万数字地形图和ANUDEM软件,对黄土丘陵区中等分辨率水文地貌关系正确DEM建立方法进行了研究。结果表明该方法所建立的DEM,可以正确反映地貌梁、沟结构及其与流水线网络的关系,对地形描述的能力优于TIN方法建立的DEM;利用ANUDEM和1∶25万地形图插值建立黄土丘陵区DEM的三个主要参数分别为分辨率50或100,计算迭代次数40,第二糙率系数0.8。

Avaliação de diferentes métodos de calagem para correção da acidez dos sedimentos do fundo de viveiros de aqüicultura.

Vários estudos têm fornecido respostas positivas com relação à produtividade do fitoplâncton e à produção de peixes, após a aplicação de calcário nos viveiros com problemas de acidez dos sedimentos do fundo. A calagem dos sedimentos do fundo dos viveiros de aqüicultura tem o objetivo de neutralizar a acidez da camada superficial desses sedimentos, e aumentar a concentração da alcalinidade total e da dureza total da água (THOMASTON & ZELLER, 1961). Em geral, a calagem é feita logo após a despesca (quando os viveiros são drenados, possibilitando a secagem do fundo para aplicação do calcário), e antes do próximo ciclo de cultivo (BOYD & TUCKER, 1998). Freqüentemente, o calcário é misturado com os sedimentos do fundo dos viveiros com um arado. Outro método de calagem é a aplicação de calcário diretamente sobre a superfície da água com o auxílio de um barco, como é feito no sul dos EUA, para a produção de "catfish" (Ictalurus punctaturs) situação em que os viveiros não são drenados por vários anos (BOYD, 1982). Entretanto, não só no Brasil, como nos EUA não existem estudos comparativos sobre a efetividade dos diferentes métodos de calagem em uso pelos aqüicultores, apesar do uso generalizado dessa técnica. Com o objetivo de atender a essa demanda, este trabalho foi desenvolvido em uma piscicultura comercial localizada em Itupeva, SP, para comparar os três métodos de aplicação de calcário agrícola nos viveiros de produção de alevinos de tilápia do Nilo.

Process control in agile supply chain network.

The work comprises a new theoretical development applied to aid decision making in an increasingly important commercial sector. Agile supply, where small volumes of high margin, short life cycle innovative products are offered, is increasingly carried out through a complex global supply chain network. We outline an equilibrium solution in such a supply chain network, which works through limited cooperation and coordination along edges (links) in the network. The links constitute the stochastic modelling entities rather than the nodes of the network. We utilise newly developed phase plane analysis to identify, model and predict characteristic behaviour in supply chain networks. The phase plane charts profile the flow of inventory and identify out of control conditions. They maintain quality within the network, as well as intelligently track the way the network evolves in conditions of changing variability. The methodology is essentially distribution free, relying as it does on the study of forecasting errors, and can be used to examine contractual details as well as strategic and game theoretical concepts between decision-making components (agents) of a network. We illustrate with typical data drawn from supply chain agile fashion products.

A general model of error-prone PCR

Pritchard, L., Corne, D., Kell, D.B., Rowland, J. & Winson, M. (2005) A general model of error-prone PCR. Journal of Theoretical Biology 234, 497-509.

Thinking with and outside the box: developing computer support for evidence teaching

B. Schafer, J. Keppens and Q. Shen. Thinking with and outside the Box: Developing Computer Support for Evidence Teaching. P. Robert and M. Redmayne (Eds.), Innovations in Evidence and Proof: Integrating Theory, Research and Teaching, pp. 139-158, 2007.

Automated Quality Assurance Applied to Mammographic Imaging

L. Blot, A. Davis, M. Holubinka, R. Marti and R. Zwiggelaar, 'Automated quality assurance applied to mammographic imaging', EURASIP Journal of Applied Signal Processing 2002 (7), 736-745 (2002)

Words, Images, Enemies : Securitization and International Politics

Williams, Mike, 'Words, Images, Enemies: Securitization and International Politics', International Studies Quarterly (2003) 47(4) pp.511-531 RAE2008