Peso de abate de machos não-castrados para produção do bovino jovem. 2. Peso, Idade e caracteristicas da carcaça

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Osteopetrosis of the jaws

Osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary condition characterized by increased bone density. The jaws, bones, and teeth invariably are affected and the osteopetrosis is directly proportional with the severity of the disease. This article describes a clinical case of osteopetrosis and reviews the clinicopathologic, radiographic, and treatment features.

Natal maxillary primary molars: Case report

An unusual case of a newborn with two immature natal maxillary molars is presented. Clinical and histological examination showed that the teeth were rootless and incompletely mineralized. The patient was followed up during one year and we confirmed that the natal teeth were from normal primary series.

Treatment options for the occlusal surface of first permanent molars

Restorative dentistry has been increasingly concerned with preservation of the dental structure. For that reason, ultraconservative cavity preparations have been performed with air abrasion systems. The aim of this study was to present treatment options for the occlusal surface of first permanent molars with employment of the conventional method and the air abrasion system for accomplishment of the cavity preparation and a composite occlusal matrix for an accurate reproduction of the tooth surface.

Relation between speaking space of the /s/ sound and freeway space in dentate and edentate subjects.

The purpose of this study is to assess the relation between the speaking space of the /s/ sound and the freeway space in two subject groups. One group had natural dentition (Group I, n = 61) and the other comprised complete denture wearers (Group II, n = 33). The analysis was done by means of a jaw-tracking device (K6-I Diagnostic System, Myotronics Research Inc., Seattle, WA, USA). Freeway space was determined by asking the subjects to occlude from the postural rest position. Speaking space of /s/ was measured during the pronunciation of the word seis and comprised the mean distance from the /s/ speaking position to maximal intercuspation. A weak correlation was found between the speaking space of /s/ and the freeway space in Group I (r = 0.41, p < 0.01), but in Group II, the correlation was stronger (r = 0.75, p < 0.01). The speaking space of /s/ and freeway space were different in Group I, but statistically similar in Group II (paired t-test, alpha = 0.05). It can be suggested that anatomic changes following prosthetic procedures caused a functional adaptation which resulted in more similar values for the speaking space of /s/ and the freeway space.

Experimental peri-implant tissue breakdown around different dental implant surfaces: Clinical and radiographic evaluation in dogs

Purpose: Tissue reactions to 4 different implant surfaces were evaluated in regard to the development and progression of ligature-induced peri-implantitis. Materials and Methods: In 6 male mongrel dogs, a total of 36 dental implants with different surfaces (9 titanium plasma-sprayed, 9 hydroxyapatite-coated, 9 acid-etched, and 9 commercially pure titanium) were placed 3 months after mandibular premolar extraction. After 3 months with optimal plaque control, abutment connection was performed. Forty-five days later, cotton ligatures were placed around the implants to induce peri-implantitis. At baseline and 20, 40, and 60 days after placement, the presence of plaque, peri-implant mucosal redness, bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, mobility, vertical bone loss, and horizontal bone loss were assessed. Results: The results did not show significant differences among the surfaces for any parameter during the study (P > .05). All surfaces were equally susceptible to ligature-induced peri-implantitis over time (P < .001). Correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between width of keratinized tissue and vertical bone loss (r 2 = 0.81; P = .014) and between mobility and vertical bone loss (r 2 = 0.66; P = .04), both for the titanium plasma-sprayed surface. Discussion and Conclusions: The present data suggest that all surfaces were equally susceptible to experimental peri-implantitis after a 60-day period.

Bone mineralization among male adolescents: Critical years for bone mass gain

Objective: To verify the behavior of the mineral bone content and density in male adolescents according to age and secondary sexual characters. Methods: 47 healthy adolescents between 10 and 19 years old were assessed according to weight, height, body mass index, puberty stage, calcium intake, bone mineral density and content in the lumbar spine and in the proximal femur. The bone mass was measured through bone densitometries. The intake of calcium was calculated through a 3-day diet. The BMI (body mass index) was calculated with the Quetelet Index and the puberty stage was defined according to Tanner's criteria. The analysis used descriptive statistics such as average and standard deviation, and variance estimates to compare the different age groups. Moreover, the Tukey test was used to determine the significant differences. Results: It was evident that the calcium intake in the different ages assessed has not reached the minimum value of 800 mg. The bone mineral density and content showed an increase after the age of 14, as well as when the teenagers reached the sexual maturation stage G4. The mineralization parameters showed a high level when the teenagers were in the G3 stage, however, without statistical significance. Conclusion: The results indicate an important level of bone mineralization during adolescence. Maturation levels superior to G3 have shown more mineralization. This study proves that the critical years for bone mass gain start after the 14-15 years old or older. Copyright © 2004 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.

Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

The chronic obstructive lung disease is reviewed with emphasys on its epidemiology and risk factors. The diagnosis, clinical aspects pulmonary, functional alterations and laboratorial findings are discussed. The treatment is also reviewed, based on the actual consensus, considering the following classes of approaches: bronchodilators, inhaled β-agonists, corticoids, methilxanthines, prolonged domiciliar-orygen therapy.

Pediatras e os distúrbios respiratórios do sono na criança

OBJECTIVES. assessment of opinions and practices of pediatricians concerning sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children. Methods. randomly 516 pediatricians were selected in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A survey mailed to them included questions regarding: their professional profile, knowledge about SDB in childhood, opinions and practices for diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. RESULTS. 112 anonymous completed surveys were returned (21.7%). The teaching of SDB during medical school and pediatric residency training was considered unsatisfactory respectively by 65.2% and 34.8% of the pediatricians. Forty-nine respondents (43.8%) rated their knowledge about SDB in children as regular, 39 (34.8%) as good and 17 (15.2%) as unsatisfactory. The most important sleep-related questions were: mouth breathing, breathing pauses, sleep amount, excessive daytime sleepiness and nocturnal wheezing. Clinical aspects regarded as the most significant for suspecting obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) were: breathing pauses, adenoid hypertrophy, mouth breathing, craniofacial anomaly and snoring. The most frequent practices for evaluation of OSAS in children were: cavum radiography with referral to an otorhinolarnygologist (25%) and nocturnal pulse oximetry (14.2%). Only 11.6% of pediatricians recommended overnight polysomnography and 4.5%, nap polysomnography. The most effective practices for SDB were considered to be: adenoidectomy and adenotonsillectomy, parents counseling, weight loss and sleep hygiene. CONCLUSIONS. there is a gap between research on SDB in childhood and pediatric practice. © 2006 Associação Médica Brasileira.

Porous polyethylene for tissue engineering applications in diabetic rats treated with calcitonin: Histomorphometric analysis

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to study the bone tissue reaction after porous polyethylene (Polipore) implantation into surgical defects in the parietal bones of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, treated with salmon calcitonin. Materials and Methods: Porous polyethylene implants were placed in bone defects created in 36 adult female rats. The rats were divided into 3 equal groups: diabetic treated with calcitonin (DCa), diabetic (D), and control (C). The animals of the DCa group received applications of salmon calcitonin on alternating days immediately after the surgery until sacrifice. The rats were sacrificed after 15, 30, 60, and 90 days, and the defects were examined histologically and statistically through histomorphometric analysis. Results: Histomorphometric analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the mean quantity of inflammatory cells among all study groups after 15 and 90 days. At 30 days, a statistically significant difference was observed between the D and C groups and the D and DCa groups. At 60 days, there was no statistically significant difference between the D and DCa groups. Discussion: Porous polyethylene can be considered an option for implant material when there are investigations that prove its biocompatibility and stability in the host tissues. Salmon calcitonin positively aided the bone repair and attenuated the inflammatory response until 30 days after the surgery. Conclusion: Porous polyethylene was tolerated by the host tissues in all groups, and moderate chronic inflammatory reaction was observed up to the 90-day period. Salmon calcitonin attenuated the inflammatory response up until 30 days.

Zygomatic bone: Anatomic bases for osseointegrated implant anchorage

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate zygomatic bone thickness considering a possible relationship between this parameter and cephalic index (Cl) for better use of Cl in the implant placement technique. Materials and Methods: Cl was calculated for 60 dry Brazilian skulls. The zygo matic bones of the skulls were divided into 13 standardized sections for measurement. Bilateral measurements of zygomatic bone thickness were made on dry skulls. Results: Sections 5, 6, 8, and 9 were appropriate for implant anchorage in terms of location. The mean thicknesses of these sections were 6.05 mm for section 5, 3.15 mm for section 6, 6.13 mm for section 8, and 4.75 mm for section 9. In only 1 section, section 8, did mean thickness on 1 side of of the skull differ significantly from mean thickness on the other side (P <.001). Discussion: For the relationship between quadrant thick ness and Cl, sections 6 and 8 varied independently of Cl. Section 5 associated with brachycephaly, and section 9 associated with subbrachycephaly, presented variations in the corresponding thickness. Conclusion: Based on the results, implants should be placed in sections 5 and 8, since they presented the greatest thickness, except in brachycephalic subjects, where thickness was greatest in section 5, and in subbrachycephalic subjects, where thickness was greatest in section 9. Cl did not prove to be an appropriate parameter for evaluating zygomatic bone thickness for this sampling.

Efeito da temperatura ambiente e da restrição alimentar protéica ou energética sobre o ganho de peso e crescimento ósseo de frangos de corte

The effect of protein or energy restriction during the second week post-hatching on body weight gain and femur development of broiler chickens reared at different environmental temperatures (18°C, 25°C and 33°C) was studied. From 1 to 7 days of age and after a restriction period broilers were fed on a control diet with 2850 kcal ME/kg and 20% crude protein. From 8 to 14 days of age, two groups of broilers were fed on restricted energy and protein diets with 2565kcal ME/kg and 20% of crude protein or 2850kcal ME/kg and 15% of crude protein, respectively. At 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days, the bones were weighed and the length and width of bones measured. The protein restriction reduced the body weight gain and the diameter of bone at second week of life. After 21 days of age no differences between treatments for these traits were observed. The body weight gain and femur growth were not affected by energy restriction. The high temperature (33°C) reduced weight gain and femur diameter from 21 to 42 days of age, and femur length at 42 days of age. The protein restriction at second week or the high environmental temperature after 21 st day of life decreased body weight gain and femur growth of broiler chickens.

A new way of analyzing occlusion 3 dimensionally

This article introduces a new method for 3-dimensional dental cast analysis, by using a mechanical 3-dimensional digitizer, MicroScribe 3DX (Immersion, San Jose, Calif), and TIGARO software (not yet released, but available from the author at hayasaki@dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp). By digitizing points on the model, multiple measurements can be made, including tooth dimensions; arch length, width, and perimeter; curve of Spee; overjet and overbite; and anteroposterior discrepancy. The bias of the system can be evaluated by comparing the distance between 2 points as determined by the new system and as measured with digital calipers. Fifteen pairs of models were measured digitally and manually, and the bias was evaluated by comparing the variances of both methods and checking for the type of error obtained by each method. No systematic errors were found. The results showed that the method is accurate, and it can be applied to both clinical practice and research. Copyright © 2005 by the American Association of Orthodontists.

Relative bioavailability of zinc in supplemental inorganic and organic sources for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings

A 90-day feeding experiment was conducted with sex reversed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings fed purified or practical diets supplemented with different zinc sources to evaluate fish growth performance and zinc and iron retention in fish bones, fillets, liver, skin and eyes. The relative bioavailability value (RBV) of zinc in the supplemental sources tested was also calculated. Fish were fed with isonitrogenous and isoenergetic purified or practical diets supplemented with 150 mg Zn kg -1, as zinc sulphate monohydrate (ZnSO 4), zinc oxide (ZnO) or zinc amino acid complex (Zn-AA). The feeding trial was conducted in 30, 50 L aquaria where four 0.66 ± 0.01 g (mean ± SD) fingerlings were initially stocked. No significant differences were observed for any growth performance variables (P > 0.05). In practical diets, only ZnSO 4 and ZnO presented bone zinc retention similar to that for the standard zinc source. Zinc concentration in the bone of fish fed practical diet supplemented with Zn-AA (171 ± 3.62 μg g -1) was significantly lower than that verified for the practical diets supplemented with the standard zinc source (200 ± 17.7 μg g -1) or with ZnSO 4 (204 ± 19.9 μg g -1). Assuming the concentration of zinc in bones as the response criterion, the supplemental zinc RBV from ZnSO 4 (105%) was higher than the RBV for Zn-AA (95.1%) or ZnO (94.9%). Iron concentration in the bones of animals fed the non-zinc-supplemented purified diet was significantly higher than that observed for purified diet supplemented with Zn-AA (P < 0,05). The results of the present work allowed us to conclude that ZnSO 4 in relation to ZnO or Zn-AA was the supplemental zinc source with higher zinc bioavailability to Nile tilapia. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Anatomic and radiograph study of the persistence of Foramen of Huschke

Aim: the aim of this study is to assess and locate the Foramen of Huschke. Study design: anatomical. Material and Method: using contrast material like gutta-percha and barium sulfate, through extraoral radiographs, such as panoramic, submental vertex and corrected saggital linear Temporal Mandibular Joint tomograms in four skulls where we clinically checked the existence of foramen of Huschke. Results: The results proved that the foramen of Huschke can be observed in skulls submitted to contrast using radiographic techniques.