一种以海带（Laminaria japonica）为原料生产沼气的方法

本发明涉及一种以海带为原料生产沼气的方法。包括以下步骤： (1)用水对海带进行漂洗；(2)对步骤(1)所得的海带进行晾干、粉碎处理，粉碎至粒径为100～200目；(3)将步骤(2)所得的海带投入到发酵装置中，加入接种物，接种物TS与海带TS的重量比为1∶ 1～5；(4)加淡水调整发酵装置内总固形物含量为2.5％～10％；(5) 控制步骤(4)中混合物的初始pH值在6.5～7.5；(6)将发酵装置密封，置于恒温水浴中，控制发酵温度在35±3℃。本发明以非常低廉的成本在获取沼气这一能源，为海带提供了一种新的利用途径，可大力推动海带栽培业的发展，而海带栽培业可以促进海洋生态环境的改善。

一种干膜状深海鱼皮胶原肽面膜及制备方法

本发明公开一种干膜状深海鱼皮胶原肽面膜及其制备方法。该方法以提取的深海鱼皮胶原多肽1~10份结合玫瑰纯露1~3份、海藻糖1~2份、菊糖0.5~1份为功能原料，以羧甲基纤维素钠2~10份、淀粉0.1~1份、保湿剂5~10份为辅助原料，原料中各组分均以重量计，经溶解、混合、搅拌、均质、干燥等工艺制得干膜状深海鱼皮胶原肽面膜。本发明的胶原多肽面膜可以补充肌肤营养、平整细纹、延缓衰老，是一种实用有效的美容护肤化妆品。

云南普通马矮型马蛋白多态性及其品种分化关系

运用蛋白电泳技术, 对云南普通马和矮型马群体的遗传多样性及其群众间遗传分化关系作了分析研究。44个遗传座位中有10个座位检测到多态性, 通过多态百分比、平均杂合度、平均等位基因的计算表明, 云南普通马和矮型马的遗传多样性较为丰富, 小区域内的群体存在着多样的遗传基因, 两种马在遗传上有一定差异。根据分子钟假说和相应的公式, 推算两者的分岐时间约为18.5万年。图1表2参12(金显谟)

Protein concentrate from shark

A simple method of leaching the minced muscle with water repeatedly followed by cooking, pressing, drying the cake and powdering has been described for the preparation of fish protein concentrate (FPC) from shark without the use of solvents. The FPC thus prepared had high protein content and was completely free of urea. It contained all the essential amino acids in a balanced proportion with high lysine content and had a storage life up to 12 months. This product can be used for the fortification of bread, biscuits and chappathis respectively at 10, 5 and 2% levels.

大银鱼和小齿日本银鱼线粒体细胞色素b 和16S rRNA基因部分序列分析

　对大银鱼和小齿日本银鱼的线粒体细胞色素b 和16S rRNA 基因片段进行了扩增和序列测定,分析比较了2 种 间的序列差异。大银鱼2 个个体间细胞色素b 基因序列无差异,小齿日本银鱼3 个个体的序列出现了2 种单倍型;大银鱼 同小齿日本银鱼细胞色素b 序列(单倍型SB21) 之间存在86 个碱基差异(差异率21 %) ,变异较大。大银鱼、小齿日本银鱼 的16S rRNA 基因片段种内个体间无序列差异,两种间存在21 个碱基的差异(差异率5 %) ,有1 个碱基的插入/ 缺失。由 此可见,2 种银鱼间线粒体细胞色素b 基因的进化速率较快,约为16S rRNA 基因片段的4 倍。根据细胞色素b 序列数据, 推算出2 种银鱼大概在中新世晚期发生分化。

RAPD分析与白头叶猴分类地位探讨

根据遗传距离建立的系统树显示,黑叶猴与白头叶猴亲缘关系最近,且两者都不是单系群。白头叶猴3与黑叶猴6的亲缘关系比与白头叶猴1、2的更近。根据系统树中的关系对群体进行了t检验,结果显示:在5%水平上,白头叶猴与黑叶猴有显著差异;然而,在同样的水平上白头叶猴1、2、3和黑叶猴6、2、3组成的群体也显著区别于黑叶猴1、4、5组成的群体。系统树和t检验结果表明,白头叶猴与黑叶猴之间遗传差异水平较低,近期两者之间可能存在基因流。结合形态学特征和地理分布特点,结果支持白头叶猴可能是黑叶猴的一个亚种的观点。

Drosophila auraria复合种Period基因Thr-Gly区段的初步研究

测定了金色果蝇复合种5个姐妹种和D. rufa的period (per)基因的Thr-Gly区段序列。该区段序列分析表明:DNA序列的碱基组成拥有果蝇其他基因的共同特点;颠换数多于转换数,两两物种间的颠换率与转换率的总比值为2-5,密码子第3位的颠换与转换的比值为2.5-5;同义替换/异义替换(Ks/Ka)值远大于10,且有的物种间根本不存在非同义突变,低的Ka值说明该复合种的per基因Thr-Gly区段在进化过程中可能承受着较强的选择压力。运用所得的核苷酸序列构建Drosophila auraria复合种的系统发育树,为澄清该类群的系统演化关系提供了新的线索。

Phylogenetic relationships of five pika species (genus Ochotona) based on mitochondrial DNA restriction maps

Restriction site mapping of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with 16 restriction endonucleases was used to examine the phylogenetic relationships of Ochotona cansus, O. huangensis, O. thibetana, O. curzoniae and O. erythrotis. A 1-kb length variation between O. erythrotis of subgenus Pika and other four species of subgenus Ochotona was observed, which may be a useful genetic marker for identifying the two subgenera. The phylogenetic tree constructed using PAUP based on 61 phylogenetically informative sites suggests that O. erythrotis diverged first, followed by O. cansus, while O. curzoniae and O. huangensis are sister taxa related to O. thibetana, The results indicate that both O. cansus and O. huangensis should be treated as independent species. If the base substitution rate of pikas mtDNA was 2% per million years, then the divergence time of the two subgenera, Pika and Ochotana, is about 8.8 Ma ago of late Miocence, middle Bao-dian of Chinese mammalian age, and the divergence of the four species in subgenus Ochotona would have occurred about 2.5 - 4.2 Ma ago, Yushean of Chinese mammalian age. This calculation appears to be substantiated by the fossil record.

Dol net fishery off Nawabunder (Gujarat)

Extimated catch of 6,484.9; 3,505.6 and 4,797.7 t of fishes were landed at Nawabunder in 'dol.' net during 1976-77, 1977-78 and 1978-1979 respectively. There has been an increasing trend in effort and decline in catch and catch rate. The catch rate came down from 174.8 kg in 1976-77 to 84 kg in 1978-79. The detailed studies on the catch composition revealed that the Bombay duck formed about 68.6-77% of the total catch. The other important constituents being Coilia dussumieri 1.5-9.2%, ribbon fish 3.0-6.5%, non-penaeid prawn, namely, Acetus indicus, Nematopalaemon tenuipes and Hippolysmata ensirostris together formed about 6.1-13.7% and penaied prawns 1.5-3.1% of the total dol net landings. In addition, quality fishes such as ghol, warn, pomfret and catfishes were also landed in considerable quantities. The landings of ghol are on the increase from 4.9 t in 1976-77 to 59 t in 1978-79. Large number of juveniles of economically important fishes namely, Harpodon nehereus, Pampus argenteus, Trichiurus lepturus and Ilisha filigera have been observed in the catch particularly during February-May. The destructive nature of the gear has been commented along with the suggestions for regulation of the fishery.

S-DABO类化合物、其合成方法和用途

S-DABO类化合物、其合成方法和用途，属药物技术领域。本发明涉及一种5-烷基-6-苯基-2-(取代芳基羰基甲基硫)尿嘧啶类化合物，该类化合物具有如下通式：其中： R1为C1-3的烷基； R2＝C1-6的烷基、取代呋喃环、噻吩环、苯环(芳环上的取代基为H、OH、C1-3 的烷氧基)。以5-烷基-6-苯基硫尿嘧啶为反应物，与a-卤代酮在K2CO3催化下反应获得本发明产物。合成方法简便易行，产物具有显著的抗HIV病毒活性，且毒性较小，选择性指数高，可作为抗HIV药物候选物。

6-环己甲基取代S-DABO类化合物、其合成方法和用途

6-环己甲基取代S-DABO类化合物、其合成方法和用途，属药物技术领域。本发明涉及一种5-烷基-6-环己甲基-2-(烷基、环烷基、环烷基甲基、取代苯乙酮)硫尿嘧啶类化合物，该类化合物具有如(Ⅰ)通式：其中： R1为C1-3的烷基； R2＝C1-8的烷基、环烷基、环烷基甲基，如(Ⅱ)式：(其中，X＝OCH3，H， OH，卤素)。分别以氯甲基环己烷或环己基乙酸为原料制备β-酮酯，再与硫脲在醇钠催化下缩合关环制得关键中间体5-烷基-6-环己甲基硫尿嘧啶，最后通过S-烷基化反应引入C2-位侧链制备目标分子，合成方法简便易行，产物具有极其显著的抗HIV病毒活性和抗耐药性，可作为抗HIV药物候选物。

Effect of furanace on the development of larval stages of Penaeus monodon Fabricius

Zoea 2(Z SUB-2 ) Mysis 1 (M SUB-1 ) and Postlarva 1 (P SUB-1 ) of P. monodon artificially spawned in closed-system concrete hatchery tanks were bioassayed for their tolerance to the antibiotic furanace. The setup consisted of four 20-liter capacity plastic basins previously conditioned for 15 days with freshwater in full sunlight. During the experiment, each basin was filled with 5 liters of seawater to which was added filtered Chaetoceros and Brachionus to give densities of 5 . 0-7 . 5 x 10 SUP-4 cells/ml and 10-20 individuals/ml, respectively. The following are the properties of the water used throughout the experiments: salinity, 26-32%; pH, 7 . 3-8 . 4; temperature, 25-30 degree C; dissolved oxygen, 4 . 5-8 . 4 ppm; nitrite, 0 . 36-0 . 99 ppm; and ammonia, 0 . 10-0 . 30 ppm. To each basin were added 50 healthy larvae of specific stages of P. monodon. After an initial acclimation of one hour in the medium, preweighed amounts of the antibiotic were added and thoroughly dissolved. The concentrations tested were 1 . 0, 2 . 0 and 3 . 0 ppm. One basin always served as control. After 24 hours of exposure, the surviving population in each basin was counted. The survivors were then examined thoroughly under the microscope for unusual behavior and morphological defects brought about by the exposure. To minimize wide variations in the medium as a result of feeding and other manipulations, the systems were all prepared at 9:00 a.m. each time, and the feeds on two instances, one at 5:00 p.m. and another at 5:00 a.m. Fifteen trials conducted with Z SUB-2 showed survival ranges of 68% to 98% with a mean of 77 . 6% in the controls; 32% to 94% with a mean of 65 . 7% at 1 ppm, and 0% to 56% with a mean of 36 . 5% at 2 ppm. There were no survivors at 3 ppm. Interpolation from the survival-dose curve gave a 24-hr LC SUB-50 of approximately 1 . 6 ppm.

Reduction in Chaetoceros populations by furanace

One of the most promising prophylactic agents being tested to control Penaeus monodon larval diseases is furanace (6-hydroxymethyl-2 2(5-nitro-2-furyl) vinyl pyridine). To evaluate further its suitability as a chemotherapeutic agent, its effects on the population growth of Chaetoceros calcitrans, the diatom used as feed for the zoeal stages, was examined. Chaetoceros populations of uniform density (initial density in all runs: 130-141x10 SUP-3 cells /ml) were placed in nine white, circular (382 sq cm), plastic basins. The physio-chemical characteristics of the culture water were as follows: salinity, 28 . 5-30 . 0 ppt; pH, 8 . 62-8 . 72; temperature, 23-25 . 5 degree C; dissolved oxygen, 7 . 1-9 . 3 ppm; nitrate, 0 . 03-0 . 07 ppm; and ammonia, 0 . 005-0 . 03 ppm. Preweighed furanace granules were dissolved in the culture water, with resulting concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/l (3 replicates each). A set of replicates without furanace served as the control. Population counts of the diatom were taken after 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 hr exposures. After 4 hr, the population decreased in all three levels. The population in 2 mg/l furanace showed the lowest count and that in control the highest. The population means are not statistically different from one another. The results of the study show that the furanace causes reductions in Chaetoceros population at all durations of exposure.

Texturised meat from low cost fish

A comparative study of the suitability of five species of fish, namely, threadfin bream (Nemipterous [sic] japonicus), cat fish (Tachysurus fella), ribbon fish (Trichiurus spp.), barracuda (Sphyraena jello) and jew fish (Pseudosciaena spp.) for the production of texturised meat has indicated that all these species are good source for the purpose. Protein content of the final product from all the species was higher than that prescribed for FPC type A. The product had excellent rehydration capacity and firm and elastic texture. No significant difference was observed in the rehydration capacity of the texturised meat from all the species studied. Salt concentration was found to influence the texture and salt content of 1.5 to 2% was found to result in the desirable firm and elastic texture. Rehydration capacity was not influenced to any significant extent by the salt content.

Flazinamide, a novel beta-carboline compound with anti-HIV actions

A beta-carboline compound, flazin isolated from Suillus granulatus has been shown weak anti-HIV-1 activity. Based on the structure of flazin, flazinamide [1-(5'-hydromethyl-2'-furyl)-beta-carboline-3-carboxamide] was synthesized and its anti-HIV activitie