基于Rete算法的多Agent的实时协同推理

1 引言多Agent系统是由若干具有一个或多个目标的Agent按照一定的信息关系和控制关系以及问题求解能力的分布模式组成的系统,它主要研究一组在逻辑上或物理上分离的Agent之间行为的协调。目前,多Agent系统已应用于诸如空中交通控制、电子商务、通讯网络管理和作业调度等生产实际领域。Agent技术应用到实际领域时映射的对象一般有

基于过程Agent及联合体投标的人力资源调度方法

随着软件产品规模的扩大和应用领域的扩展，对软件过程管理的要求也越来越高。在软件开发过程中，人力资源是最重要的一种资源，人力资源调度的优劣将直接影响软件开发过程的产品质量、成本和进度。因此，合理高效的人力资源调度方法和工具能够为软件企业在人力资源优化调度、项目进度安排等方面提供决策支持，进而提高软件企业的项目管理能力和人力资源利用效率。 传统的人力资源调度方法过度依赖于项目负责人的个人经验及主观判断，且所得到的调度结果具有较高的不稳定性和不可靠性。为了能够为软件项目管理人员在人力资源调度方面提供一个更为客观、有效的调度方法，本文提出了基于过程Agent及联合体投标的人力资源调度方法。与传统的人力资源调度方法不同，该方法充分考虑到人力资源的特殊性，以人为核心，按人力资源能力的差别将人力资源建模成不同的过程Agent，并引入市场经济中的联合体投标方法进行调度。 本文首先对人力资源、过程Agent、目标等进行了建模，引入了投标邀请、标书以及联合体等概念，并在此基础上提出了通过过程Agent间的协商而实现人力资源调度的模型。该模型将人力资源依据能力的不同划分为不同的过程Agent，过程Agent再依据各自的投标策略响应投标邀请——或进行投标，或发出新的投标邀请。最后，具有“项目经理”角色的过程Agent将对这些投标进行评审，并依据用户对软件产品质量、生产成本以及生产进度的偏好选择合适的标书，生成人力资源调度计划。 由于现实的软件开发活动中经常会出现人力资源不充足的情况，因此在很多情况下都无法得到一个完整的人力资源调度计划。本文前面提出的方法虽然能够在资源不充足的情况下得到一个部分的调度结果，但却不能给出资源缺乏的具体情况，以至于项目负责人无法判定是否需要招聘新的人员。基于此，本文在协商模型中引入了两个改进的协商策略——容差调度及虚拟资源调度。容差调度是指，当没有足够的资源而现有资源能够完成的任务离需求在一个可以“容忍”的范围内时，认为资源是充足的；虚拟资源调度是指，当资源不充足时，假定有足够数量的“虚拟的”资源可供调度。由于对人力资源及目标等的描述都存在一定的误差，因此容差调度可以在很大程度上提高人力资源调度的成功率；而虚拟资源调度将在调度结果中显示资源缺乏的信息，供项目负责人做出决策时参考。 最后根据该方法设计和开发了相应的人力资源调度系统，并进行了实验验证，证明了方法的有效性，可以为项目负责人进行项目管理时提供决策支持。

Enhanced photoluminescence of Nd2O3 nanoparticles modified with silane-coupling agent: Fluorescent resonance energy transfer analysis

A liquid laser medium with a lifetime of 492 mu s and a fluorescent quantum efficiency of 52.5% has been presented by stably dispersing dimethyl dichorosilane-modified Nd2O3 nanoparticles in dimethylsulfoxide. Its optical properties and mechanism were investigated and explained by fluorescence resonance energy transfer theory. The calculation result shows that the quenching of Nd-III F-4(3/2)-> I-4(11/2) transition via O-H vibrational excitation can be eventually neglected. The main reason is that the silane-coupling agent molecules remove the -OH groups on Nd2O3 nanoparticles and form a protective out layer. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.

Perpendicular-electric-field dependence of exciton binding energy studied by continuous-wave photoluminescence

The reduction of exciton binding energy induced by a perpendicular electric field in a stepped quantum well is studied. From continuous-wave photoluminescence spectra at 77 K we have observed an obvious blueshift of the exciton peak due to a spatially direct-to-indirect transition of excitons. A simple method is used to calculate the exciton binding energy while the inhomogeneous broadening is taken into account in a simple manner. The calculated result reproduces remarkably well the experimental observation.

DIRECT OBSERVATION FOR THE REDUCTION OF EXCITON BINDING-ENERGY INDUCED BY PERPENDICULAR ELECTRIC-FIELD

We experimentally study the effect of perpendicular electric field on the exciton binding energy using a specially designed step quantum well. From photoluminescence spectra at the temperature of 77 K, we have directly observed remarkable blueshift of the exciton peak due to the transition from spatially direct to spatially indirect excitons induced by electric field. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Binding Energy of Biexcitons in GaAs Quantum-Well Wires

The binding energy of a biexciton in GaAs quantum-well wires is calculated variationally by use of a two-parameter trial wavefunction and a one-dimensional equivalent potential model. There is no artificial parameter added in our calculation. Our results agree fairly well with the previous results. It is found that the binding energies are closely correlative to the size of wire. The binding energy of biexcitons is smaller than that of neutral bound excitons in GaAs quantum-well wires when the dopant is located at the centre of the wires.

Energy band and acceptor binding energy of GaN and AlxGa1-xN

The hole effective-mass Hamiltonian for the semiconductors of wurtzite structure is established, and the effective-mass parameters of GaN and AlxGa1-xN are given. Besides the asymmetry in the z and x, y directions, the linear term of the momentum operator in the Hamiltonian is essential in determining the valence band structure, which is different from that of the zinc-blende structure. The binding energies of acceptor states are calculated by solving strictly the effective-mass equations. The binding energies of donor and acceptor for wurtzite GaN are 20 and 131, 97 meV, respectively, which are inconsistent with the recent experimental results. It is proposed that there are two kinds of acceptors in wurtzite GaN. One kind is the general acceptor such as C, substituting N, which satisfies the effective-mass theory, and the other includes Mg, Zn, Cd etc., the binding energy of which deviates from that given by the effective-mass theory. Experimentally, wurtzite GaN was grown by the MBE method, and the PL spectra were measured. Three main peaks are assigned to the DA transitions from the two kinds of acceptor. Some of the transitions were identified as coming from the cubic phase of GaN, which appears randomly within the predominantly hexagonal material. The binding energy of acceptor in ALN is about 239, 158 meV, that in AlxGa1-xN alloys (x approximate to 0.2) is 147, 111 meV, close to that in GaN. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

多Agent群体行为中的扩散趋同综述

为了研究复杂系统及复杂性科学问题,人们提出多Agent模型进行建模和分析.多Agent的群体行为是复杂系统研究所必须解决的问题,而其中的扩散趋同更是相关领域的研究热点.文中首先介绍多Agent群体行为中的扩散趋同现象,然后根据Agent扩散趋同传递的方式、Agent的扩散趋同能力的分布情况和Agent扩散趋同所感知的范围,将相关研究成果中的扩散趋同机制分为3个方面:层次结构性扩散趋同与群集性扩散趋同、平滑扩散趋同与非平滑扩散趋同、邻域扩散趋同与全局扩散趋同.文中对每种模型的特点进行论述和比较分析,最后指出下一步的研究方向.