Chemopreventive effect of Copaifera langsdorffii leaves hydroalcoholic extract on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced DNA damage and preneoplastic lesions in rat colon

Background Natural antioxidants present in common foods and beverages have drawn great attention to cancer prevention due to its health benefits, remarkable lack of toxicity and side effects. Copaifera langsdorffii, known as “copaiba”, “capaiva”, or “pau-de-óleo“, belongs to the Leguminosae family and occurs in fields and grasslands in the northern and northeastern parts of Brazil. Biological studies of Copaifera corroborate its widespread use by the population. This paper describes the effects of C. langsdorffii leaves hydroalcoholic extract on the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced DNA damage and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the colon of male Wistar rats. Methods The hydroalcoholic extract of C. langsdorffii was administered to rats by gavage at daily doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight. To evaluate DNA damage by the comet assay, animals received the C. langsdorffii extract for seven days and a single subcutaneous injection (sc) of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at a dose of 40 mg/kg on day 7. Animals were sacrificed 4 h after injection of DMH, to assess DNA damage. For the ACF assay, animals were acclimatized for one week (week 1) and then treated with the C. langsdorffii extract five times a week for four weeks (weeks 2 to 5). The rats received sc injections of DMH (40 mg/kg) on days 2 and 5 of weeks 2 and 3, to induce ACF. Animals were euthanized at week 5; i.e., four weeks after the first DMH treatment. Results Animals treated with different doses of the C. langsdorffii extract combined with DMH had significantly lower frequency of DNA damage as compared with the positive control (animals treated with DMH only). The percentage of reduction in the frequency of DNA damage ranged from 14.30% to 38.8%. The groups treated with 40 and 80 mg/kg C. langsdorffii extract during and after DMH treatment presented significantly lower numbers of ACF and aberrant crypts compared with the control. Conclusion The C. langsdorffii extract significantly reduced the extent of DNA damage and ACF induced by DMH, suggesting that the extract has a protective effect against colon carcinogenesis.

A negative screen for mutations in calstabin 1 and 2 genes in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy

Background Calstabins 1 and 2 bind to Ryanodine receptors regulating muscle excitation-contraction coupling. Mutations in Ryanodine receptors affecting their interaction with calstabins lead to different cardiac pathologies. Animal studies suggest the involvement of calstabins with dilated cardiomyopathy. Results We tested the hypothesis that calstabins mutations may cause dilated cardiomyopathy in humans screening 186 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy for genetic alterations in calstabins 1 and 2 genes (FKBP12 and FKBP12.6). No missense variant was found. Five no-coding variations were found but not related to the disease. Conclusions These data corroborate other studies suggesting that mutations in FKBP12 and FKBP12.6 genes are not commonly related to cardiac diseases.

Human Endogenous Retrovirus K(HML-2) Gag and Env specific T-cell responses are not detected in HTLV-I-infected subjects using standard peptide screening methods

Abstract Background An estimated 10–20 million individuals are infected with the retrovirus human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). While the majority of these individuals remain asymptomatic, 0.3-4% develop a neurodegenerative inflammatory disease, termed HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HAM/TSP results in the progressive demyelination of the central nervous system and is a differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The etiology of HAM/TSP is unclear, but evidence points to a role for CNS-inflitrating T-cells in pathogenesis. Recently, the HTLV-1-Tax protein has been shown to induce transcription of the human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) families W, H and K. Intriguingly, numerous studies have implicated these same HERV families in MS, though this association remains controversial. Results Here, we explore the hypothesis that HTLV-1-infection results in the induction of HERV antigen expression and the elicitation of HERV-specific T-cells responses which, in turn, may be reactive against neurons and other tissues. PBMC from 15 HTLV-1-infected subjects, 5 of whom presented with HAM/TSP, were comprehensively screened for T-cell responses to overlapping peptides spanning HERV-K(HML-2) Gag and Env. In addition, we screened for responses to peptides derived from diverse HERV families, selected based on predicted binding to predicted optimal epitopes. We observed a lack of responses to each of these peptide sets. Conclusions Thus, although the limited scope of our screening prevents us from conclusively disproving our hypothesis, the current study does not provide data supporting a role for HERV-specific T-cell responses in HTLV-1 associated immunopathology.

A clinical comparison between DisCoVisc and 2% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose in phacoemulsification: a fellow eye study

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to compare the effects and outcomes of two ophthalmic viscosurgical devices, 1.6% hyaluronic acid/4.0% chondroitin sulfate and 2.0% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, during phacoemulsification. METHODS: This prospective, randomized clinical trial comprised 78 eyes (39 patients) that received phacoemulsification performed by the same surgeon using a standardized technique. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 1.6% hyaluronic acid/4.0% chondroitin sulfate or 2.0% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose on the first eye. The other eye was treated later and received the other viscoelastic agent. Preoperative and postoperative examinations (5, 24 and 48 hours; 7 and 14 days; 3 and 6 months) included measurements of the total volume of the ophthalmic viscosurgical device, ultrasound and washout times to completely remove the ophthalmic viscosurgical device, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness and best-corrected visual acuity. The corneal endothelial cell count was measured at baseline and at six months postoperatively. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01387620. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between groups in terms of cataract density or ultrasound time. However, it took longer to remove 2.0% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose than 1.6% hyaluronic acid/ 4.0% chondroitin sulfate, and the amount of viscoelastic material used was greater in the 2.0% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose group. In addition, the best-corrected visual acuity was significantly better in the hyaluronic acid/ chondroitin sulfate group, but this preferable outcome was only observed at 24 hours after the operation. There were no statistically significant differences between the two ophthalmic viscosurgical devices regarding the central corneal thickness or intraocular pressure measurements at any point in time. The corneal endothelial cell count was significantly higher in the hyaluronic acid/chondroitin sulfate group. CONCLUSION: The ophthalmic viscosurgical device consisting of 1.6% hyaluronic acid/4.0% chondroitin sulfate was more efficient during phacoemulsification and was easier to remove after IOL implantation than 2.0% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. In addition, the corneal endothelial cell count was significantly higher following the use of hyaluronic acid/chondroitin sulfate than with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, which promoted an improved level of corneal endothelium protection.

Identifying common and specific microRNAs expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cell of type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes mellitus patients

Abstract Background Regardless the regulatory function of microRNAs (miRNA), their differential expression pattern has been used to define miRNA signatures and to disclose disease biomarkers. To address the question of whether patients presenting the different types of diabetes mellitus could be distinguished on the basis of their miRNA and mRNA expression profiling, we obtained peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) RNAs from 7 type 1 (T1D), 7 type 2 (T2D), and 6 gestational diabetes (GDM) patients, which were hybridized to Agilent miRNA and mRNA microarrays. Data quantification and quality control were obtained using the Feature Extraction software, and data distribution was normalized using quantile function implemented in the Aroma light package. Differentially expressed miRNAs/mRNAs were identified using Rank products, comparing T1DxGDM, T2DxGDM and T1DxT2D. Hierarchical clustering was performed using the average linkage criterion with Pearson uncentered distance as metrics. Results The use of the same microarrays platform permitted the identification of sets of shared or specific miRNAs/mRNA interaction for each type of diabetes. Nine miRNAs (hsa-miR-126, hsa-miR-1307, hsa-miR-142-3p, hsa-miR-142-5p, hsa-miR-144, hsa-miR-199a-5p, hsa-miR-27a, hsa-miR-29b, and hsa-miR-342-3p) were shared among T1D, T2D and GDM, and additional specific miRNAs were identified for T1D (20 miRNAs), T2D (14) and GDM (19) patients. ROC curves allowed the identification of specific and relevant (greater AUC values) miRNAs for each type of diabetes, including: i) hsa-miR-1274a, hsa-miR-1274b and hsa-let-7f for T1D; ii) hsa-miR-222, hsa-miR-30e and hsa-miR-140-3p for T2D, and iii) hsa-miR-181a and hsa-miR-1268 for GDM. Many of these miRNAs targeted mRNAs associated with diabetes pathogenesis. Conclusions These results indicate that PBMC can be used as reporter cells to characterize the miRNA expression profiling disclosed by the different diabetes mellitus manifestations. Shared miRNAs may characterize diabetes as a metabolic and inflammatory disorder, whereas specific miRNAs may represent biological markers for each type of diabetes, deserving further attention.

Spectroscopic investigation and heat generation of Yb3+/Ho3+ codoped aluminosilicate glasses looking for the emission at 2 μm

Energy transfer (ET) and heat generation processes in Yb3+/Ho3+-codoped low-silica calcium aluminosilicate glasses were investigated using thermal lens (TL) and photoluminescence measurements looking for the emission around 2.0 μm. Stepwise ET processes from Yb3+ to Ho3+, upon excitation at 0.976 μm, produced highly efficient emission in the mid-infrared range at around 2.0 μm, with high fluorescence quantum efficiency (η1 ∼ 0.85 and independent of Ho3+ concentration) and relatively very low thermal loading (<0.4) for concentration up to 1.5% of Ho2O3. An equation was deduced for the description of the TL results that provided the absolute value of η1 and the number of emitted photons at 2.0 μm per absorbed pump photon by the Yb3+ ions, the latter reaching 60% for the highest Ho3+ concentration. These results suggest that the studied codoped system would be a promising candidate for the construction of photonic devices, especially for medical applications.

Las aulas virtuales de apoyo a la docencia y la investigación

La transformación de las bibliotecas universitarias en Centro de Recursos para el Aprendizaje y la Investigación supone asumir nuevos servicios destinados a apoyar a estudiantes, docentes e investigadores en el uso y la producción de información. Las plataformas de enseñanza virtual ofrecen a las bibliotecas la posibilidad de adaptar servicios ya existentes como las políticas sobre alfabetización informacional o los servicios de referencia virtual, pero también nos permite la creación de nuevos servicios destinados a apoyar a la comunidad universitaria en su adaptación al Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza Superior. Las aulas virtuales de apoyo a la docencia y la investigación estarían destinadas, por un lado, a promover entre la comunidad docente e investigadora los recursos y el apoyo necesario para asegurar que la universidad provea una docencia e investigación de calidad. Por otro, estarían dirigidas a establecer políticas de formación entre los docentes de aspectos relacionados con los procesos educativos en entornos virtuales, el uso de los recursos bibliotecarios y el uso de las nuevas tecnologías en el proceso educativo. En el apoyo a la docencia las aulas virtuales estarían dirigidas a formar a los docentes en el uso de las nuevas tecnologías aplicadas a la docencia, especialmente la Web 2.0, así como en el desarrollo de materiales multimedia, los cuales se han convertido en un eje fundamental en el proceso de aprendizaje. El apoyo de las aulas virtuales a las políticas de investigación estaría destinado, por ejemplo, a formar a los nuevos investigadores en habilidades de investigación, en la formación de los recursos electrónicos de la biblioteca, y, por supuesto, en derechos de autor y acceso abierto.

Desarrollo de una aplicación web para la gestión de rutas en sistemas georreferenciados

[ES] El objetivo que se pretendía alcanzar con la realización de este proyecto era desarrollar una aplicación web 2.0 capaz de gestionar rutas independientemente de su tipología u otro tipo de características. El usuario de la aplicación construida tras analizar este proyecto puede crear rutas y modificarlas. Para su visualización se ha optado por un entorno 3D que muestra el globo terráqueo de manera realista: Google Earth en su versión como complemento para navegadores. La variedad de rutas creadas puede ser muy amplia, como por ejemplo: las etapas de la Vuelta Ciclista a España, la travesía de una competición náutica, el recorrido que siguió Colón en su primer viaje a América o los caminos reales de Canarias. Las rutas se crean desplazando el ratón y haciendo clic sobre la superficie del globo terráqueo. La aplicación muestra una línea que pasa por los puntos indicados con la representación de la ruta. Para las rutas creadas el usuario puede añadir una serie de elementos multimedia que permitan obtener un mayor conocimiento de dichas rutas. La aplicación permite añadir fotos, vídeos web, documentos y elementos 3D. Cuando el usuario seleccione mostrar una ruta creada previamente a la que le ha añadido alguno de los elementos indicados previamente, éste se visualizará en el navegador. Además de la posibilidad de gestionar rutas, el usuario también puede gestionar sitios de su interés de manera sencilla. El usuario puede incorporar localizaciones de diversa índole a su biblioteca de elementos para disponer de una mejor accesibilidad de sus lugares predilectos. Los sitios de interés creados aparecen en el globo como un icono junto con su nombre.

Las bibliotecas universitarias en las redes sociales. Principales cifras. 2014

Trabajo perteneciente a la Línea estratégica 3: Potenciar el desarrollo y el uso de la Biblioteca Digital 2.0, Internet y las Redes Sociales

L'inno avestico agli Aməsha Spəṇtas (Yasht 2). Testo critico e traduzione con commentario storico religioso

L'inno dedicato ai sette Amesha Spəṇta è parte della produzione avestica recenziore, e si compone in gran parte di porzioni testuali riprese da altri testi avestici a loro volta di formazione tardiva. Lo Yašt si divide in tre parti principali: le stanze 0-10; 11-14; e infine la stanza 15 che comprende la formula di chiusura tipica degli inni avestici. La prima sezione (2.0-10) è composta dalla formula di apertura, incompleta rispetto a quelle dei restanti inni, seguita dai primi sette capitoli di entrambi i Sīh-rōzag compresi i Gāh. Le stanze centrali (11-14) si caratterizzano per l'assenza di passi gemelli, un elevato numero di hapax e di arcaismi formali e inoltre, una grande variabilità nella tradizione manoscritta. Si tratta di una formula magica per esorcizzare/allontanare demoni e stregoni, che doveva essere recitata per sette volte. Tale formula probabilmente rappresentava in origine un testo autonomo che veniva recitato assieme ad altri testi avestici. La versione a noi pervenuta comprende la recitazione di parte di entrambi i Sīh-rōzag, ma è molto probabile che tale arrangement sia soltanto una sequenza recitativa che doveva coesistere assieme ad altre. Attualmente la formula magica viene recitata principalmente assieme allo Yasna Haptaŋhāiti, senza le restanti stanze dell'inno nella sua versione geldneriana. Il testo sembra nascere come formula magica la quale venne recitata assieme a diversi testi avestici come per esempio parti dello Sīh-rōzag. In un periodo impossibile da stabilire con certezza la versione viene fissata nella forma a noi pervenuta nella maggior parte dei manoscritti e per la sua affinità formale probabilmente interpretato come inno e perciò incluso nell'innario avestico.

Measurement of the unpolarized K+ Lambda and K+ Sigma 0 electroproduction cross-section off the proton with KAOS-spectrometer

The new stage of the Mainz Microtron, MAMI, at the Institute for Nuclear Physics of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, operational since 2007, allows open strangeness experiments to be performed. Covering the lack of electroproduction data at very low Q2, p(e,K+)Lambda and p(e,K+)Sigma0, reactions have been studied at Q^2 = 0.036(GeV/c)^2 andrnQ^2 = 0.05(GeV=c)^2 in a large angular range. Cross-section at W=1.75rnGeV will be given in angular bins and compared with the predictions of Saclay-Lyon and Kaon Maid isobaric models. We conclude that the original Kaon-Maid model, which has large longitudinal couplings of the photon to nucleon resonances, is unphysical. Extensive studies for the suitability of silicon photomultipliers as read out devices for a scintillating fiber tracking detector, with potential applications in both positive and negative arms of the spectrometer, will be presented as well.