Perspectivas de la cooperacion tecnica entre Africa y America Latina para el desarrollo de los recursos humanos

Incluye Bibliografía

America Latina y Africa: estudio de la situacion actual y de las potencialidades del desarrollo y la cooperacion en materia de recursos humanos

Incluye Bibliografía

Promotion of technical and economic co-operation between Africa and Latin America in the field of science and technology

Includes bibliography

Co-operation between Latin America and Africa in the field of external trade

Includes bibliography

Setores exportador e importador da Africa do Sul

As dificuldades observadas nas negociações multilaterais têm estimulado muitos países a promover acordos regionais e bilaterais de comércio, os quais vêm assumindo crescente importância na economia mundial: metade do comércio internacional é realizado, hoje, no âmbito de acordos preferenciais. Os três grandes blocos regionais - na Europa, na América e na Ásia - estão se consolidando, com pequena participação do Brasil que se limitou ao Mercosul, de modestas dimensões para o potencial de exportações do país. O governo brasileiro vem procurando fortalecer as relações comerciais do Brasil com parceiros do terceiro mundo, e este trabalho se inscreve nesse tema. A importância relativa da África do Sul no conjunto dos países em desenvolvimento foi a motivação deste estudo, destinado a descrever e analisar as características básicas dos setores exportador e importador daquele país, comparando-as com as do Brasil. Tal comparação visa identificar prováveis complementaridades e desafios que possam subsidiar a estratégia de aproximação comercial em curso. Algumas das conclusões e recomendações são: i) o Brasil tem mais a ceder em termos de redução de alíquotas de imposto de importação, e a África do Sul em abrangência dos itens envolvidos na negociação; ii) apesar de se identificar certa possibilidade de complementaridade entre os dois países, recomenda-se que o acordo abranja o maior número possível de produtos; iii) os esforços privados dos empresários brasileiros devem se concentrar na província de Gauteng, e em KwaZulu-Natal, que respondem pela maior parte da produção exportada assim como das empresas exportadoras - já os exportadores brasileiros de bens de consumo devem dar especial atenção às províncias de Gauteng, Western Cape e Mpumalanga; iv) para não dispersar esforços, mais eficaz se os empresários brasileiros fizerem seus contactos comerciais através de entidades que congreguem as empresas sul-africanas; v) São Paulo deve concentrar o maior número de empresários interessados no acordo, embora os empresários de outros estados possam ser mais receptivos porque individualmente se voltam mais para o mercado externo do que os paulistas, como os do Espírito Santo, Pará, Mato Grosso e os da região sul, Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul.

Industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa and import substitution policy

This article aims to contribute to the understanding of the process of import substitution in Sub-Saharan Africa. The process of industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa occurred in two phases: a first step, even very early during the colonial regime began around the 1920s and ended in the late forties; a second phase of industrialization began in the late fifties and gained momentum in the sixties, when import substitution was implemented more widely. Although these countries were the last to embark on the strategy of import substitution, they followed the same steps of Latin American countries, and as the structural domestic and external constraints were too strong, the failure of the policy of import substitution arrived early and the negative impact on these economies had a greater magnitude.

Microsatellite analysis supports clonal propagation and reduced divergence of Trypanosoma vivax from asymptomatic to fatally infected livestock in South America compared to West Africa

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The South Atlantic: Brazil-Africa Relations in the Field of Security and Defense

South-South Cooperation has become one of the axis of the Brazilian foreign policy, especially when related to Africa. Besides the economic, political and technologic areas, among others, the Brazilian government created a series of cooperation agreements with many African countries in the field of security and defense. This paper analyses the objective and reach of the actions concerning South-South Cooperation between the government of Brazil and the African countries, especially the ones from Atlantic Africa, making use of a bibliography related to the subject and sources derived from the Ministry of External Affairs and the Ministry of Defense.

Tropical Africa as a cradle for horizontal transfers of transposable elements between species of the genus Drosophila and Zaprionus

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Do Brasil à Africa: resgatando valores através da Literatura, construindo uma sociedade multicultural e pluriétnica

This paper addresses the role of literature in the construction of the new Brazilian society. The rescue of the cultural formation of identity values of the country, highlighting the African presence in various sectors of national life. In a project dedicated exclusively to children and young Brazilian students, aiming to demonstrate the multicultural and multiethnic existing in Brazilian culture. Literatures of Portuguese aid in the understanding of this reality.

A Silent Enzootic of an Orthopoxvirus in Ghana, West Africa: Evidence for Multi-Species Involvement in the Absence of Widespread Human Disease

Human monkeypox has never been reported in Ghana, but rodents captured in forested areas of southern Ghana were the source of the monkeypox virus introduced into the United States in 2003. Subsequent to the outbreak in the United States, 204 animals were collected from two commercial trapping sites in Ghana. Animal tissues were examined for the presence of orthopoxvirus (OPXV) DNA using a real-time polymerase chain reaction, and sera were assayed for antibodies against OPXV. Animals from five genera (Cricetomys , Graphiurus , Funiscirus, and Heliosciurus ) had antibodies against OPXV, and three genera (Cricetomys , Graphiurus , and Xerus) had evidence of OPXV DNA in tissues. Additionally, 172 persons living near the trapping sites were interviewed regarding risk factors for OPXV exposure, and their sera were analyzed. Fifty-three percent had IgG against OPXV; none had IgM. Our findings suggest that several species of forest-dwelling rodents from Ghana are susceptible to naturally occurring OPXV infection, and that persons living near forests may have low-level or indirect exposure to OPXV-infected animals, possibly resulting in sub-clinical infections.

Consequences of Early Late-Pleistocene Megadroughts in Tropical Africa

Extremely arid conditions in tropical Africa occurred in several discrete episodes between 135 and 90 ka, as demonstrated by lake core and seismic records from multiple basins [Scholz CA, Johnson TC, Cohen AS, King JW, Peck J, Overpeck JT, Talbot MR, Brown ET, Kalindekafe L,Amoako PYO, et al. (2007) Proc Natl Acad SciUSA104:16416–16421]. This resulted in extraordinarily low lake levels, even in Africa’s deepest lakes.On the basis of well dated paleoecological records from Lake Malawi, which reflect both local and regional conditions, we show that this aridity had severe consequences for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. During the most arid phase, there was extremely low pollen production and limited charred-particle deposition, indicating insufficient vegetation to maintain substantial fires, and the Lake Malawi watershed experienced cool, semidesert conditions (<400 mm>/yr precipitation). Fossil and sedimentological data show that Lake Malawi itself, currently 706mdeep, was reduced to an ~125 m deep saline, alkaline, well mixed lake. This episode of aridity was far more extreme than any experienced in the Afrotropics during the Last Glacial Maximum (~35–15 ka). Aridity diminished after 95 ka, lake levels rose erratically, and salinity/alkalinity declined, reaching near-modern conditions after 60 ka. This record of lake levels and changing limnological conditions provides a framework for interpreting the evolution of the Lake Malawi fish and invertebrate species flocks. Moreover, this record, coupled with other regional records of early Late Pleistocene aridity, places new constraints on models of Afrotropical biogeographic refugia and early modern human population expansion into and out of tropical Africa.