Fins and Fin Rays from Whale Shark (Rhiniodon typus Smith)

The whale shark (Rhiniodon typus Smith) is an under exploited species and it is mainly caught for its liver oil . The processing of shark fin for rays is reported here . The fins have a high content of rays . The yield of fin rays from undried fins ranged from 0 .53 to 4 .40 percent with maximum ray content in the lower lobe of caudal fin . The physical and chemical characteristics of the rays are reported . The total nitrogen content is about 15 to 16 percent (dry weight basis)

Zur Synthese von alpha-Aminoaldehyden und Aminosäuren mit alpha-quartären Zentren durch Aziridinierung funktionalisierter Olefine

Ziel dieser Arbeit war, durch Aziridinierung homochiraler 5-Methyl-4H-1,3-dioxinen eine neue Methode zur Synthese von alpha-Aminoaldehyden und den ableitbaren Aminosäuren mit alpha-quartären Zentren zu entwickeln. Die chiralen 5-Methyl-4H-1,3-dioxine sind mit hohen Enantiomerenüberschüssen durch asymmetrische Doppelbindungsisomerisierung von 5-Methylen-1,3-dioxanen zugänglich. Die Metall-katalysierte Aziridinierung der 5-Methyl-4H-1,3-dioxine mit der Nitrenquelle (N-Tosylimino)phenyliodinan führte direkt zu N-Tosyl-geschützen 4-Methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-4-carbaldehyden. Vermutlich über ein Aziridin als nicht isolierbare Zwischenstufe werden über eine Ringöffnungs-/Ringverengungsreaktion die Oxazolidinderivate gebildet, vorzugsweise in Gegenwart von Cu(I)-Katalysatoren, während die Rhodium-katalysierte Reaktion ausschließlich zu Insertionsprodukten führt. In der Cu-katalysierten Aziridinierung ist das Verhältnis von Aziridinierung/Insertion abhängig von der Katalysatorkonzentration. Die Aziridinierung mit N-(p-Nitrobenzolsulfonyl)- und N-(Trimethylsilylethylsulfonyl)- substituierten Nitrenquellen führt zu Oxazolidinderivaten mit leichter abspaltbaren Schutzgruppen. Diese Nitrenquellen können in situ aus den korrespondierenden Sulfonamiden mit Iodosobenzol dargestellt werden. Bei dem Einsatz homochiraler 4H-1,3-Dioxine ist Erhalt der Stereoinformation abhängig vom Substituenten in 2-Position der Dioxine sowie von der Polarität des Lösungsmittels. Die höchsten Selektivitäten wurden in tert-Butylmethylether erzielt. In Falle des 2-tert-Butyl-4-methyl-3-(toluol-4-sulfonyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-4-carbaldehyds kristallisiert das Hauptdiastereomer in enantiomerenreiner Form. Die Absolutkonfiguration wurde durch Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse ermittelt. Das Anwendungspotential dieser neuen Methode konnte durch Überführen der Serinale in Aminoalkohole und alpha-Methylserin-Derivate sowie in der Synthese der unnatürlichen Aminosäure alpha-Vinylalanin gezeigt werden.

Shifts of electronic KX-rays in muonic atoms

Energies of electronic K X-rays in muonic atoms were calculated for muons in various outer orbitals and for different numbers of electrons. Energy shifts were obtained with respect to characteristic X-rays belonging to nuclear charge (Z - 1) and their possible observation is discussed. The shifts in muonic Sn as an example amount to 19, 37, and 59 eV for the muon in 5g, 6h, and 7i states respectively. However, shifts due to the number of electrons present and the electron vacancy distribution in the L-shell are significantly larger. Accurate measurements of the K X-ray energies would therefore enable us to learn more about the electronic structure during the muonic cascade.

Interpretation of quasimolecular L X-rays in heavy-ion collisions

Using a relativistic selfconsistent correlation diagram a first interpretation of the shape and position of L MO X-rays is given within a quasi-adiabatic model.

Interpretation of noncharacteristic M X-rays in heavy colliding systems by selfconsistent relativistic molecular calculations

The result of the first calculation of a self-consistent relativistic many electron correlation diagram ever done (for the system Au - I) leads to a good agreement of the spectral shape and position of the observed noncharacteristic X-rays within the quasi adiabatic model.

Kinematic dipole model for the anisotropy of quasimolecular X-rays

For the angular dependence of quasimolecular X-ray emission in heavy ion colliding systems we present a semiclassical adiabatic model taking into account spontaneous dipole radiation. Using the most characteristic levels from a DFS-correlation diagram we are able to explain the behaviour of the observed anisotropy.

Observation of two-electron-one-photon transitions in silicon

We report on the observation of K\alpha\alpha X-rays of Si, produced in collisions of 15-28 MeV Si projectiles with various target atoms in the range Z =6 to 29. Energy shifts of X-rays were measured and are compared with theoretical predictions. Cross section ratios for emission of K\alpha\alpha and K\alpha radiation are given.

The problem of noncharacteristic quasimolecular X-rays in heavy ion collision

Quasi-molecular X-rays observed in heavy ion collisions are interpreted within a relativistic calculation of correlation diagrams using the Dirac-Slater model. A semiquantitative description of noncharacteristic M X rays is given for the system Au-I.

A sequence in subdomain 2 of DBL1 alpha of plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 induces strain transcending antibodies

Immunity to severe malaria is the first level of immunity acquired to Plasmodium falciparum. Antibodies to the variant antigen PfEMP1 (P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1) present at the surface of the parasitized red blood cell (pRBC) confer protection by blocking microvascular sequestration. Here we have generated antibodies to peptide sequences of subdomain 2 of PfEMP1-DBL1 alpha previously identified to be associated with severe or mild malaria. A set of sera generated to the amino acid sequence KLQTLTLHQVREYWWALNRKEVWKA, containing the motif ALNRKE, stained the live pRBC. 50% of parasites tested (7/14) were positive both in flow cytometry and immunofluorescence assays with live pRBCs including both laboratory strains and in vitro adapted clinical isolates. Antibodies that reacted selectively with the sequence REYWWALNRKEVWKA in a 15-mer peptide array of DBL1 alpha-domains were also found to react with the pRBC surface. By utilizing a peptide array to map the binding properties of the elicited anti-DBL1 alpha antibodies, the amino acids WxxNRx were found essential for antibody binding. Complementary experiments using 135 degenerate RDSM peptide sequences obtained from 93 Ugandan patient-isolates showed that antibody binding occurred when the amino acids WxLNRKE/D were present in the peptide. The data suggests that the ALNRKE sequence motif, associated with severe malaria, induces strain-transcending antibodies that react with the pRBC surface.

Alpha signo lavoro : iniciativa comunitaria : proyecto transnacional.

El trabajo se presenta también en francés e italiano

Assessment of the usability of the 'alpha' version of the prototype 'Octopus'-application of the heuristic evaluation model of user's graphic interfaces. 'Evaluación de la utilidad de la versión 'alfa' del prototipo 'Octopus'-uso del modelo de evaluación heurístico de los interfaces gráficos del usuario'.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Role of alpha 2,3-sialyltransferases ST3Gal III and ST3Gal IV in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Este trabajo demuestra que los genes que codifican para los enzimas beta-galactosido alfa-2,3-sialiltransferasa 3 (ST3Gal III), y en menor medida beta-galactosido alfa-2,3-sialiltransferasa 4 (ST3Gal IV), están directamente implicados en etapas clave de la progresión tumoral como la adhesión, la migración y la formación de metástasis en las líneas de adenocarcinoma pancreático humano Capan-1 y MDAPanc-28. También, que las Especies Reactivas del Oxígeno (ROS) generadas durante los procesos de proliferación y diferenciación celular o debido a estímulos oxidantes externos, desempeñan un importante papel en el control de la síntesis de ST3Gal III y SLex, y por lo tanto en la regulación del fenotipo metastático. Además, junto al papel pro-adhesivo de la E-Selectina, este trabajo ha descrito efectos prometastáticos adicionales para esta molécula como inductora de la migración y de la secreción de VEGF a través de un mecanismo E-Selectina-SLex dependiente.

Synthesis of unusual alpha-amino acids and study of the effect of their incorporation into antimicrobial peptides. Total synthesis of biactive marine natural products and analogues thereof

The principle theme of this thesis was the synthesis of bioactive compounds. To this end, this work was focus on two main projects. The first one, which was carried out in the Department of Chemistry of the University of Girona under the supervision of Dr Montserrat Heras, concerned the synthesis of new unnatural amino acids bearing a pyrimidine ring within their side chain for incorporation into the antimicrobial peptide BP100 following a rational design in order to improve its biological profile. On the other hand, the second chapter of this thesis was developed in collaboration with the Laboratoire de Chimie Organique (ESPCI-ParisTech, Paris, France) under the guidance of Pr Janine Cossy and Dr Arseniyadis. This chapter was centered on the total synthesis of three marine natural products with complex structures and interesting biological activities: acremolide B, (–) bitungolide F and lyngbouilloside.