An in vivo ultrahigh field 14.1 T (1) H-MRS study on 6-OHDA and α-synuclein-based rat models of Parkinson's disease: GABA as an early disease marker.

The detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) in its preclinical stages prior to outright neurodegeneration is essential to the development of neuroprotective therapies and could reduce the number of misdiagnosed patients. However, early diagnosis is currently hampered by lack of reliable biomarkers. (1) H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offers a noninvasive measure of brain metabolite levels that allows the identification of such potential biomarkers. This study aimed at using MRS on an ultrahigh field 14.1 T magnet to explore the striatal metabolic changes occurring in two different rat models of the disease. Rats lesioned by the injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the medial-forebrain bundle were used to model a complete nigrostriatal lesion while a genetic model based on the nigral injection of an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector coding for the human α-synuclein was used to model a progressive neurodegeneration and dopaminergic neuron dysfunction, thereby replicating conditions closer to early pathological stages of PD. MRS measurements in the striatum of the 6-OHDA rats revealed significant decreases in glutamate and N-acetyl-aspartate levels and a significant increase in GABA level in the ipsilateral hemisphere compared with the contralateral one, while the αSyn overexpressing rats showed a significant increase in the GABA striatal level only. Therefore, we conclude that MRS measurements of striatal GABA levels could allow for the detection of early nigrostriatal defects prior to outright neurodegeneration and, as such, offers great potential as a sensitive biomarker of presymptomatic PD.

Kangasniemi 14.3.1940

Kirje

Kirsti Siru 14/10 1969 Helsinki

Kirje 14.10.1969

'The Advocate' Resident Advocate Newsletter, July 2008, Vol. 14.

This tool of communication between the 2,500 members of the Resident Advocate Committee (RAC) Program and the State Long-Term Care Ombudsman is used to keep all volunteers informed of their roles and responsibilities as they carry out the duties of a resident advocate. The Advocate is provided to Resident Advocates on a quarterly basis.

Evaluación poblacional del recurso concha de abanico (Argopecten purpuratus) en la Isla de Lobos de Tierra y Bahía de Sechura (14 al 23 de octubre de 1995)

Contiene los resultados de la evaluación del recurso concha de abanico efectuada en las áreas de Isla Lobos de Tierra y Bahía de Sechura. Se utilizaron los programas DEIM y ESTRATA para resolver los resultados de esta evaluación de forma más precisa y rápida. Como resultado se indica que en la zona de la Isla de Lobos de Tierra se presenta en explotación plena, mientras que la Bahía de Sechura se encuentra en un proceso de recuperación poblacional con abundancia de juveniles.

Uuno Nurmelle 14/9 1975

Kirje 14.9.1975

Juhlapuhe Kajaanin Kipinän 20-vuotisjuhlassa 14.12.1930

Puhe