THE APPLICATION OF THE MPB4 THEORY TO THE INTERFACE BETWEEN 2 IMMISCIBLE ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS .2. THE DIFFERENTIAL CAPACITANCE OF THE WATER 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE INTERFACE

The MPB4 theory is used to calculate the differential capacitance of the interface between LiCl in water and TBATPB in 1,2-dichloroethane at electrolyte concentrations of 0.005, 0.01 and 0.02 M. The effects of the ion size and the image force, and the influence of the electrolyte concentration, the surface charge density and the solvent effect on the inner layer potential drop are considered simultaneously. These effects can be ascribed to the ionic penetration into the opposite solution and ion-ion correlations across the interface. Our results are in better agreement with experimental data than those obtained using Gouy-Chapman theory. This indicates that the MPB4 theory may also describe the structure of the water \1,2-dichloroethane interface provided that the influence of the electrolyte concentration, the surface charge density and the solvent effect on the inner layer potential distribution are included in the calculation. Comparison of the theoretical results with those of the water \nitrobenzene interface shows that the structure of the water \1,2-dichloroethane interface is similar to that of the water \nitrobenzene interface, except that in the former case the inner-layer potential drop is much higher and the effects of the image force and the ion size are more pronounced.

A novel in-situ spectroelectrochemical technique with probe beam deflection: For study of the ion exchange between films on electrode surface and solutions

A novel in-situ spectroelectrochemical technique, the combination of probe beam deflection (PBD) with cyclic voltammetry (CV), was used to study the ion exchange process of prussian blue(PB) modified film electrode in contact with various electrolyte solutions. The ion exchange mechanism was verified as following: (K2Fe2+FeII)(CN)(6) -e(-)-k(+)reversible arrow +e(-)+k(+) (KFe3+FeII)(CN)(6) -ke(-)-xk(+)reversible arrow +xe(-)+kk(+) [(Fe3+FeIII)(CN)(6)](x)[(KFe3+FeII)(CN)(6)](1-x) where on reduction PB film in contact with an acidic KCl electrolyte, it was confirmed that protons enter into the PB film before K+ cations.

THE APPLICATION OF THE MPB4 THEORY TO THE INTERFACE BETWEEN 2 IMMISCIBLE ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS .1. THE DIFFERENTIAL CAPACITANCE OF THE WATER NITROBENZENE INTERFACE

We use the MPB4 theory to calculate the differential capacitance of the interface between NaBr + water and tetrabutylammoniumtetraphenyl borate (TBATPB) + nitrobenzene at electrolyte concentrations of 0.01 M, 0.02 M and 0.05 M. In addition to the effects

VISCOSITY AND FLOW PROPERTIES OF CONCENTRATED-SOLUTIONS OF CHITOSAN WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF DEACETYLATION

The effects of the degree of deacetylation (DD) on the viscosity and flow behaviour of concentrated solutions of chitosan were investigated using 0.2 M CH3COOH and 0.2 M CH3COOH/0.1 M CH3COONa aqueous solutions as solvents. The results indicated that the

EXTRACTION MECHANISM OF SC(III) AND SEPARATION FROM TH(IV),FE(III) AND LU(III) WITH BIS(2,4,4-TRIMETHYLPENTYL)PHOSPHINIC ACID IN N-HEXANE FROM SULFURIC-ACID-SOLUTIONS

The extraction equilibrium data of sulphuric acid and scandium(III) with bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (H[BTMPP]) from sulphuric acid solutions have been obtained. There are two extraction mechanisms of scandium(III) with H[BTMPP] at different

THERMODYNAMICS OF AMINO-ACID DISSOCIATION IN MIXED-SOLVENTS .3. GLYCINE IN AQUEOUS GLUCOSE SOLUTIONS FROM 5-DEGREES-C TO 45-DEGREES-C

The first thermodynamic dissociation constants of glycine in 5, 15 mass % glucose + water mixed solvents at five temperatures from 5 to 45-degrees-C have been determined from precise emf measurements of a cell without liquid junction using hydrogen and Ag-AgCl electrodes and a new method of polynomial approximation proposed on the basis of Pitzer's electrolytic solution theory in our previous paper. The results obtained from both methods agree within experimental error. The standard free energy of transfer for HCl from water to aqueous mixed solvent have been calculated and the results are discussed.

THE CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOUR OF BLOCK COPOLYMER/HOMOPOLYMER BLENDS I. INFLUENCE OF NONSPHERICAL MICELLE ON CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOUR IN DILUTE SOLID SOLUTIONS

The effect of micelle on crystallization behaviour of dilute poly(methyl methacrylate-b-tetrahydrofuran) diblock copolymer/tetrahydrofuran homopolymer, dilute poly (ethylene-b-styrene-b-ethylene) triblock copolymer/ethylene homopolymer solutions has been studied. The results show that with the structural teansitions from spherical to nonspherical micelle in the blends, great changes in the nucleation and spherulite morphologies take place.

Toxicity and protective efficiency of cryoprotectants to flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryos

With the purpose of finding an ideal cryoprotectant or combination of cryoprotectants in a suitable concentration for flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryo cryopreservation, we tested the toxicities, at culture temperature (16 degrees C), of five most commonly used cryoprotectants-dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO), glycerol, methanol (MeOH), 1,2-propylene glycol (PG) and ethylene glycol (EG). In addition, cryoprotective efficiency to flounder embryos of individual and combined cryoprotectants were tested at -15 degrees C for 60 min. Five different concentrations of each of the five cryoprotectants and 20 different combinations of these cryoprotectants were tested for their protective efficiency. The results showed that the toxicity to flounder embryos of the five cryoprotectants are in the following sequence: PG < MeOH < Me2SO < glycerol < EG (P < 0.05); whereas the protective efficiency of each cryoprotectant, at -15 degrees C for a period of 60 min, are in the following sequence: PG > Me2SO approximate to MeOH approximate to glycerol > EG (greater symbols mean P < 0.05, and approximate symbols mean P > 0.05). Methanol combined with any one of the other cryoprotectants gave the best protection, while ethylene glycol combined with any one of the other cryoprotectants gave the poorest protection at -15 degrees C. Toxicity effect was concentration dependent with the lowest concentration being the least toxic for all five cryoprotectants at 16 degrees C. For PG, MeOH and glycerol, 20% solutions gave the best protection at -15 degrees C; whereas a 15% solution of Me2SO, and a 10% solution of EG, gave the best protection at -15 degrees C. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.