On the contributions of different micromechanisms for enhancement in the strength of TI-6Al-4V alloy upon B addition: A nanomechanical analysis

The addition of small amount of boron to Ti and it alloys refines the as-cast microstructure and enhances the mechanical properties. In this paper, we employ nanoindentation on each of the constituent phases in the microstructure and `rule-of-mixture' type analysis to examine their relative contributions to the strength enhancement in a Ti-6Al-4V alloy modified with 0.3 wt% B. Our results indicate to two main contributors to the relatively higher flow strength of B-modified alloy vis-a-vis the base alloy: (a) strengthening of alpha phase due to the reduction in the effective slip length that occurs as a result of the microstructural refinement that occurs upon B addition, and (b) composite strengthening caused by the TiB whiskers present in the alloy. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Beyond Schur's Conjecture

Schur 4] conjectured that the maximum length N of consecutive quadratic nonresidues modulo a prime p is less than root p if p is large enough. This was proved by Hummel in 2003. In this note, we outline a clear improvement over Hummel's bound for p > 23.

Beyond Schur's Conjecture

Schur 4] conjectured that the maximum length N of consecutive quadratic nonresidues modulo a prime p is less than root p if p is large enough. This was proved by Hummel in 2003. In this note, we outline a clear improvement over Hummel's bound for p > 23.

Covalent Postassembly Modification and Water Adsorption of Pd3 Self-Assembled Trinuclear Barrels

Three new ditopic imidazole ligands (2-4) were synthesized in high yields and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. These ligands resulted in the formation of 3 + 6] self-assembled trinuclear barrels (5-7) in quantitative yields by stoichiometric combination of individual ligands and Pd(NO3)(2) in DMSO. All the three assemblies (5-7) were characterized by `H NMR and ESI-MS analysis, and subsequently, structures of the complexes 5 and 6 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Structure analysis reveals the presence of NO3- counter anions in the intermolecular channels/pockets, which could potentially act as H-bonding sites between adsorbed water molecules within the channels. In fact, both the assemblies (5 and 6) showed water uptake (136.58, and 123.78 cm(3) g(-1), respectively) at ambient temperature under maximum allowable humidity. In addition, free aldehyde group present in the bridging ligand in complex 7 provides reactive site for postassembly modification. Herein, Knoevenagel condensation with Meldrum's acid was utilized under mild conditions by targeting aldehyde group appended in prefabricated complex 7 and transformed into a different complex (8) with altered functional group. Such postassembly functionalization enables incorporation of a new functional group without disrupting the integrity of the trifacial structure.

l(1)-K-SVD: A robust dictionary learning algorithm with simultaneous update

We develop a new dictionary learning algorithm called the l(1)-K-svp, by minimizing the l(1) distortion on the data term. The proposed formulation corresponds to maximum a posteriori estimation assuming a Laplacian prior on the coefficient matrix and additive noise, and is, in general, robust to non-Gaussian noise. The l(1) distortion is minimized by employing the iteratively reweighted least-squares algorithm. The dictionary atoms and the corresponding sparse coefficients are simultaneously estimated in the dictionary update step. Experimental results show that l(1)-K-SVD results in noise-robustness, faster convergence, and higher atom recovery rate than the method of optimal directions, K-SVD, and the robust dictionary learning algorithm (RDL), in Gaussian as well as non-Gaussian noise. For a fixed value of sparsity, number of dictionary atoms, and data dimension, l(1)-K-SVD outperforms K-SVD and RDL on small training sets. We also consider the generalized l(p), 0 < p < 1, data metric to tackle heavy-tailed/impulsive noise. In an image denoising application, l(1)-K-SVD was found to result in higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) over K-SVD for Laplacian noise. The structural similarity index increases by 0.1 for low input PSNR, which is significant and demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed method. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

土壤传热特性的实验研究(Experimental Study of Soil Heat Diffusivity)

发展了测定实验室土样热扩散率的方法,介绍了研制的实验装置和建议的操作程序。给出的实验结果表明土壤热扩散率随土壤空隙率、含水量和温度等许多参数而变化。

High speed liquid crystal over silicon display based on the flexoelectro-optic effect.

One of the key technologies to evolve in the displays market in recent years is liquid crystal over silicon (LCOS) microdisplays. Traditional LCOS devices and applications such as rear projection televisions, have been based on intensity modulation electro-optical effects, however, recent developments have shown that multi-level phase modulation from these devices is extremely sought after for applications such as holographic projectors, optical correlators and adaptive optics. Here, we propose alternative device geometry based on the flexoelectric-optic effect in a chiral nematic liquid crystal. This device is capable of delivering a multilevel phase shift at response times less than 100 microsec which has been verified by phase shift interferometry using an LCOS test device. The flexoelectric on silicon device, due to its remarkable characteristics, enables the next generation of holographic devices to be realized.

Evaluación del establecimiento de tres especies forestales en la unidad experimental finca El Plantel, Nindirí, Masaya

El estudio se realizó en la Finca El Plantel, propiedad de la Universidad Nacional Agraria, para evaluar el establecimiento de Hymenaea courbaril, Tabebuia ochracea y Caesalpinia violacea con el propósito de conocer su comportamiento en sobrevivencia, diámetro y altura. La plantación se estableció en parcelas con dimensiones de 15 x 15m , teniendo un distanciamiento de 3 x 3m entre cada planta. Considerando el efecto de borde la cantidad de plantas evaluadas por especie es de cuarenta y ocho, para un total de 144 individuos. Efectuándose dos mediciones con respecto a variable sobrevivencia, diámetro y altura; donde la primera se realizó en octubre 2009 y la segunda en octubre de 2010. Al final del periodo de la evaluación se realizó un monitoreo de los daños observados en la plantación (octubre del 2010). La plantación obtuvo una sobrevivencia global de 63%, siendo C. violacea la especie que obtuvo mayor porcentaje 69%, H. courbaril con 63% y Tabebuia ochracea (57.6%) la que obtuvo el menor porcentaje. Caesalpinia violacea obtuvo un notorio incremento en altura con 123.3 cm superando a T. ochracea (37 cm) y H. courbaril (15.1 cm). En cuanto al incremento en diámetro Hymenaea courbaril (4.43 mm) obtuvo casi el doble del incremento que las otras dos especies, C. violacea (2.29 mm) y T.ochracea (1.79 mm). Haciendo una valoración general de los principales daños registrados en la plantación corresponden a la categoría defoliación 64.9%. Las especies T. ochracea y C. violacea reportaron mayor del 80% de las plantas afectadas por defoliación, causada por zompopos del género Attacephalotus, sin embargo; Hymenaea courbaril se encontraba sin ningún tipo de daños.

Molecular dynamics simulation of hydrogen enhancing dislocation emission

The interactive pair potential between Al and H is obtained based on the ab initio calculation and the Chen-Mobius 3D lattice inversion formula. By utilizing the pair potentials calculated, the effects of hydrogen on the dislocation emission from crack tip have been studied. The simulated result shows that hydrogen can reduce the cohesive strength for Al single crystal, and then the critical stress intensity factor for partial dislocation emission decreases from 0.11 MPa root m (C-H = 0) to 0.075 MPa root m (C-H=0.72%) and 0.06 MPa root m (C-H = 1.44%). This indicates thar hydrogen can enhance the dislocation emission. The simulation also shows that atoms of hydrogen can gather and turn into small bubbles, resulting in enhancement of the equilibrium vacancy concentration.

The temperature dependence of effective thermal conductivity of open-celled steel alloy foams

The effective thermal conductivity of steel alloy FeCrAlY (Fe-20 wt.% Cr-5 wt.% Al-2 wt.% Y-20 wt.%) foams with a range of pore sizes and porosities was measured between 300 and 800 K, under both vacuum and atmospheric conditions. The results show that the effective thermal conductivity increases rapidly as temperature is increased, particularly in the higher temperature range (500-800 K) where the transport of heat is dominated by thermal radiation. The effective conductivity at temperature 800 K can be three times higher than that at room temperature (300 K). Results obtained under vacuum conditions reveal that the effective conductivity increases with increasing pore size or decreasing porosity. The contribution of natural convection to heat conduction was found to be significant, with the effective thermal conductivity at ambient pressure twice the value of vacuum condition. The results also show that natural convection in metal foams is strongly dependent upon porosity. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Funciones ejecutivas y control ejecutivo : una revisión bibliográfica mirando la arquitectura de la mente

El término “funciones ejecutivas” comienza a ser utilizado por Lezak en los 80’. No se trata de un concepto unitario, incluyendo varias funciones cognitivas y autodirigidas que contribuyen a la autorregulación del individuo. Existen varias controversias acerca del constructo “funciones ejecutivas”, entre ellas: la unidad vs diversidad de los procesos cognitivos que implican las funciones ejecutivas, y la naturaleza del control ejecutivo; el presente artículo se focaliza sobre esta última cuestión. Se presentarán dos aproximaciones de acuerdo a distintos modos de explicación de la memoria de trabajo y del control ejecutivo. Finalmente, se propone enfocar el estudio de las funciones ejecutivas desde una visión integrada de la mente, para su mejor comprensión.

Dinámica de arvenses y entomofauna asociada bajo diferentes niveles de compost en nopal (Opuntia ficus indica L.), Diriamba, Carazo, 2008

El nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica L.), es una Cactácea originaria de México, cuyos usos van desde el alimenticio hasta la manufactura de diversos productos farmacéuticos, cosméticos y forrajeros, representa una posible alternativa alimenticia ante la escasez de alimentos en época de verano, ya que tiene capacidad de adaptación a zonas áridas y semiáridas. En este trabajo se analizó la influencia de diferentes niveles de compost (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 y 2.5 kg/planta) sobre la dinámica poblacional de arvenses y entomofauna asociada, en el cultivo de nopal. El ensayo se estableció en julio de 2008, en la finca Guadarrama, comunidad Buena Vista Sur, ubicada en el kilometro 56 ½ carretera Casares- La Boquita, Diriamba, Carazo. Las variables evaluadas respecto a las arvenses fueron; abundancia, dominancia y diversidad de especies. Respecto a la entomofauna, se elaboró un listado de artrópodos con su respectiva función biológica. Se realizó un control manual de malezas a los 75 días después de la siembra. Cynodon dactylon L. se presentó como arvense monocotiledónea de mayor abundancia con 37 plantas en el testigo, respecto a las dicotiledóneas que fue Waltheria indica L. con 8 plantas en 1 y 1.5 kg/planta. Diversidad; se encontraron 22 especies(8 más que las encontradas en este lugar en el ensayo precedente, 2007), de las cuales 4 fueron monocotiledóneas y 18 dicotiledóneas. La mayor cobertura se registró en 0.5 kg/planta con 17% y la menor en 2 kg/planta con 4 %. La mayor biomasa para monocotiledóneas fue encontrada en 1.5 kg/planta con 754 kg/ha, y la menor en 2.5 kg/planta con 346 kg/ha, para dicotiledóneas la mayor fue de 273 kg/ha en 2 kg/planta y la menor en el testigo con 123 kg/ha. Se reportaron 14 especies de artrópodos (fitófagos: como Acheta domesticus Bol., entomófagos: como Tegenaria domestica Clerk y defoliador: como Atta cephalotes L.